Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/309

 CAP

The Capitulars of Charlemaign, Charles the Bald, &c. arc the Laws, both Ecclefiaffical and Civil, made by thofe Emperors, &c. in the General Councils, or Affemblies of the People : which was the way the ConlKtutions of molt of the ancient Princes, ££c. were made j each Perfon pre- fent, tho a Piebeian, letting his Hand to 'em. Some dif- tinguifh. thcfe from Laws ; and fay, they were only Supple- ments to Laws. They had their Name, Capitularies, be- caufe divided into Chapters or Sections. In thefe Capitu- laries did the whole French Jurifprudence antiently con- fift. In proccfs of Time, the Name was chang'd for that of Ordonnances.

Some dlftinguim three kinds of Capitularies, according to the Difference of their fubject Matter : Thofc on Ecclefi- iulical Affairs, are real Canons, extracted from Councils ; thofe on Secular Affairs, real Laws ; thofe relating to par- ticular Perfons, or Occasions, private Regulations.

CAPITULATION, a Treaty made with the Garifon, or Inhabitants of a Place befieg'd ; whereby they iurrcn- der themfelves up, on certain Articles, and Conditions II i- pulatcd between 'em. See Siege.

Capitulation, is alfo one of the Treaties of the ^Pac- taConventa, or the Contract, drawn up by the Electors, be- fore the Election of an Emperor ; which the Emperor is to ratify before his Coronation, and to obferve inviolable in the Courfe of his Reign. Thefe Capitulations of the Em- pire, have only been in ufe firice the Time of Charles V. and were occafion'd, by the Jealoufy the German Princes entertain'd of the too great Power of the Emperor. Fre- deric, Duke of Saxony, firnam'd the Wife, paiTes for the Author of the Imperial Capitulations ; he declining the Empire, which was offer'd him after the Death of Maxi- milian', and adviiing the Electors to chufe Charles V. under fuch Conditions as might fecure the Liberty of the Empire. The Leopoldiu Capitulation contains 47 Articles.

CAPITULUM, in Botany, the Head, or flowering Top of any Plant 5 being compos'd of many Leaves and Threads, or Stamina, clofely connected in a globous, cir- cular, or difcous Figure 5 as the Flowers of ^Bluebottles, Scabious, Carduus, &c. See Flower.

CAPNOMANCY, 'or CAPNOMANTIA, a kind of Divination, us'd by the Antients in their Sacrifices : the Rule was, when the Smoak was thin, and light, and rofe ftraight up, 'twas a good Omen 5 if the contrary, 'twas an ill one.

There was another Species of Capnomancy, confiding in the Obfervation of the Smoak rifing from Poppy and Jef- famin Seed, caft upon lighted Coals. The Word comes from the Greek KeLTvlt, Smoak ; and tuavTix, Divination.

CAPONNIERE, in Fortification, a cover'd Lodgment, four or five Foot broad, encompafs'd with a little Parapet about two Foot high, ferving to fupport feveral Planks la- den with Earth. The Caponniere is large enough to main- tain 15 or 2.0 Soldiers j and is ufually plac'd on the Extre- mity of the Counterfcarp, having little Embrafures fre- quently made therein.

CAPRA, She-Goat, a Conftcllation in the Northern He- inifphere, confuting of three Stars, compriz'd between the 45th and 55th Degree of Latitude. The Poets fay, 'tis sJmaltbea's Goat, which fuckled Jupiter in his Infancy. Horace making mention of it, calls it, Infana Jydera Caprtf. CAPRE, or CAPER, the Bud, or BlofTom of a Shrub of the fame Name, gather'd green, e'er it expand into a Flower ; dry'd in a dark Place, till wither'd, then infus'd in Vinegar ; to which, at laft, Salt is added 5 after which, it is put up in Barrels to be us'd as a Pickle, chiefly in Sauces ; and fome times alfo in Medicine, as being very A- pertive, and entering feveral Compofitions in Pharmacy. All the Capers throughout Europe, are brought from about ^Toulon, \x\France ; except fome fmall fait Capers from Ma- jorca, and a few flat ones from about Lyons. The Bark of the Caper-TtcG, when dry'd, is prefcrib'd by the French Phyficians in Oppilations of the Spleen.

CAPR-£ Saltantes, in Meteorology, a fiery Meteor, or Exhalation, which fometimes appears in the Atmofphere, and is not fir 'd in a ttraight Line, but with Inflexions, and windings in and out. See Meteor.

CAPREOLUS, in Botany, the Clafper, or Tendril, by which the Vines, and fuch-like creeping Plants, fallen them- felves to thofe things which are deiign'd to fupport them. See Clasper.

Capreolatje -Tlante, are fuch Plants as turn, wind, and climb along the Surface of the Earth, by means of their Capreoli, or Tendrils 5 as Gourds, Melons, Cucum- bers, £?e. See Claspers.

CAPRICORN, in Aitronomv, one of the Signs of the Zodiack, mark'd thus V. See Sign.

The Antients accounted Capricorn the 10th Sign ; and when the Sun arriv'd thereat, it made the Winter Solflice, with regard to our Hemifphcrc : But the Stars having ad- vane'd a whole Sign towards the Eafl, Capricorn is now the nth Sign ; and 'tis at the Sun's Entry into Sagittary, that

c m 3

the Sold

CAP

let happens : tho the antient manner of fpeaiinr* is ftill retain'd. See Solstice, and Precession. This Sign is reprefented on antient Monuments, Medals, &c. as having the Fote-part of a Goat, and the Hind-part of a Fijh ; which is the Form of an JEiyban : fometimes, Am- ply under the Form of a Goat.

The Stars in the Conftellation Capricorn, in 'Ptolomy's and Tycho's Catalogues, are 28 ; Mr. Flamfiead, in the "Bri- tannic Catalogue, makes near double that Number, viz. 51; The Order, Names, Longitudes, Latitudes, Magnitudes; Sic. whereof, are as follow.

Stars in the Conftellation Capricorn.

Longitude. Latitude.

Names and Situation of the Stan.

1? iS « $S

In the Extrem of the pt-eced. Horn 28 10 28

29 n 41

27 is 1

Thepreced.Starinthefubfeq.Horn 29 27 19

5

The Lift of the contiguous Stars 29 31 21

That under the Eye 28 21 44

The middle Star in the fubfeq.Horn Is o 6 56"

MoftSouth.of 3 in the fubfeq.Horn ^ 29 43 57 Foremoft of 3 in the Nofe R8 023 55

North of thefe

South of thofe hi the Nofe

North of two in the Neclc

More South

That under the upper Knee

In the lower and bent Knee

Preccd.andNor.of ; in Mid.of Body

Pieced, of 2 in the Back

That in the Shoulder

South, in the middle of the Body

25 Second in the middle of the Body

Subfequent Laft of 3 in the middle of the Body

jo

Subfeq. of 2 in the Back

1 ft of contiguous ones under Belly

35 Subfeq. of the fame

Preced. in South. Fin Preced. in Root of the Tail

40

Subfeq. in South; Fin Preced. in North Part of the Tail Subfequent 41 North, in Extrem. of the Tail Another, fubfequent Middle in North. Part of the Tail Subfeq. in Root of the Tail

1o

7 27 40 7 13 18 B

7 H 34 E 2 3 2J A 7 1 31 B

6 j3 6 B o 29 29 B « 35 12 B 4 37 27 B 05s 6 B

o 51 9 54 10 3 28 57 3 ,» 44 3 20 55

2 50 11

3 50 59 3 37 5

6 47 24

7 34 t«

8 17 2 S 25 55

9 31 40 7 jo 4S s 57 52

9 24 57

9 22 7

10 42 44

12 10 J9

14 17

O 15

6 s8 2; A

54 A

'<, A

9 A

10 A

S 55

2S

1 5"

5 £ 6 6 6

o 29 38 A

2 57 43 A 033 o A 8 3 jS A 43. !A

3 16 46 A

3 58 9 A

4 29 50 A o 43 40 B 2 7 23 A

Subfeq. in North. Part of the Tail

12

IS

'3

21

50

12

33

35

12

3«

49

>3

8

8

'J

15

20

M

10

57

I?

8

37

»5

52

52

17

27

42

15

42

IS"

18

40

49

17

19

5

18

53

4«

19

21 21

5 19

31 S 1

20

4 1

4

19

'3

14

20

3«

58

21

29

li.

}9

3 A 1 2,0 15 A 5 17 16 A fi 57 JS A

5 50 27 A

6 -51 4=; A

5 3 ' * ? A

4 55 55 A i 31 18 A

5 53 38 A o 9 1 i A 4 4S 36 A

37 44 A

1 1 54 A

4'M'B 3 5<S 38 B

M7 M B Mi i?A 1 38 14. B

o 39 10 A

leffer Circle of the Sphere, pafling thro the Beginning of

tropic of Capricorn, parallel to the Equator 5 Capricorn. See Tropic.

CAPRIOLE, in Horfemanfhip, the Goat-leap x, is when an Horfe, at the full Height of his Leap, jerks or Itrikes out with his hind Legs as near and even together, and as far out as he can flretch them ; in which A6t'ion, he clacks, or makes a noife with them. The Catriole is the moft dif- ficult of all the high Airs : There are 'feveral kinds of Ca- prioles ; as, a right Capriole, back Capriole, fids Capriole^ broke Capriole, open Capriole, &c. The Word comes from Capreolus.

CAPSQUARES, in Gunnery, are thofc ffrong Plates of Iron, which come over the Trunnions of a Gun, and keep her in the Carriage : They are faltned by hinges to the Paizeplate, that it may lift up and down. They form a part of an Arch in the Middle, to receive a third Part of the Thickncfs of the Trunnions ; for two thirds of them are let into the Carriage, and the other End is faiten'd by two Iron Wedges, which, are cail'd the Forelocks, and Keys.

CAPSTAN,