Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/306

 CAP

' againft him i And if he can fay nothing, I /hall recover ' the Value.'

CAPELLA, in Aftronomy, a Star of the firft Magnitude in the preceding Shoulder of Auriga. In 'Ptolemy's and Tycho's Catalogues, 'tis the third in order of that Cdnftel- lation. In the 'Britannic Catalogue, the fourteenth : Its Longitude is 17, 31^41" 5 its Latitude 2: , yi',47". See Auriga.

CAPER. See Cafre.

CAPHAR, a Toll or Duty, impos'd by the lurks on the ChriiHan Merchants, who carry or f_nd Merchandifes from Aleppo to Jerufalem. The Toll of Caphar was firft fettled by the Chriftians fhemfelves when Matters of the Holy Land, for the Support of Troops and Forces, pofted in the more difficult pafles, to watch the Arabs, and pre- vent their Pillages. But the Turks, who have continu'd, and even rais'd the Toll, abufe it 5 exacting arbitrary Sums of the Chriftian Merchants and Travellers, on pretence of guarding them from the Arabs ; with whom they yet fre- quently keep a'n Underftanding, and even favour their Robberies.

CAPHORA. See Camphor.

CAPI-AGA, or CAPI-AGASSt, a Turki/b Officer. The Capi-Aga is Governor of the Gates of the Seraglio ; or grand Mafter of the Seraglio : This is the firft Dignity among the white Eunuchs. The Capi-Aga is always near the Perfon of the Grand Signior : He introduces Ambaffa- dors to their Audience : No body enters, or goes out of the Grand Signior's Apartment but by his means. His Of- fice gives him the Privilege of wearing the Turban in the Seraglio, and to go every where on Horfeback. He ac- companies the Grand Signior to the Apartment of the Sul- tana's, but flops at the Door without entering. His Ap- pointment is very moderate ; the Grand Signior bears the Expence of his Table, and allows him at the Rate of about So French Livres per Day : But his Office brings him in abundance of Prefents ; no Affair of Confcquence coming to the Emperor's Knowledge, without paffing thro his Hand. The Capi-Aga cannot be Bafbaiv when he quits his Poft. See Aga.

CAPIAS, a Writ, of two forts; one before Judgment, call'd Capias ad Respondendum ; in an Aflion Pcrfonal, when the Sheriff, upon the firft Writ of Diftrefs, returns, Nihil habeat n balliva noflra. The other is a Writ of Ex- ecution after Judgment, which is alfo of various Kinds ; as, Capias ad Satisfaciendum, Capias pro Fine, Capias Uilaga- turn, after Judgment, &c.

Capias ad Satisfaciendum, is a Writ of Execution after Judgment ; lying where a Man recoveis in an Aflion Per- fonal, as for Debt, Damage, (Sc in which Cafes, this "Writ iffues to the Sheriff, commanding him to take the Body of him againft whom the Debt is recover'd ; who is to be kept in Prifon till he make Satisfaction.

Capias cmduScs ad proficifcendum, an original Writ, which lies, by the Common Law, againft any Soldier who has covenanted to ferve the King in War, and appears not at the Time and Place appointed. It is directed to two of the King's Serjeants at Arms, to' arrcft and take him when- ever he may be found ; and to bring him Coram Comilio uoftro, with a Claufe of Affiftance.

Capias/™ Fine, is where one being by Judgment fin'd to the King, upon fome Offence againft a Statute, does not difcharge it according to the Judgment : By this Writ, therefore, his Body is to be taken, and committed to Pri- fon till he pay the Fine.

Capias Utlagatum, a Writ which lies againft one out- law 'd, upon any Aflion, Perfonai or Criminal ; by which the Sheriff apprehends the Party outlaw'd, for not appear- ing on the Exigent, and keeps him in fafe Cuftody till the Day of Return ; when he prefents him to the Court, to

^»Xi, e n° rder ' d for his Contempt. See Outlawry.

CAPHjI, a Porter, or Doorkeeper of the Turkifi Sera- glio. There are about 500 Capigis, or Porters in the Se- raglio, divided into two Companies ; one confiding of ,00, under a Chief caUed Capigi-TBaffa ; who has a Stipend of three Ducats per Day : The other confifts of 200, dittin- guiffi d by the Name of Cuecicap,gi ; and their Chief Cuccicapigi-Baffa, who has two Ducats. The Capias have from fever, to fifteen Aipers per Day 5 fome mote, others r, r„ B 1 ur '" tfs 1S to affil * the Janizaries in the Guard of the firft and lecond Gates of the Seraglio : Sometimes all together ; as when the Turk holds a General Council receives an Embaffador, or goes to the Mofque : and fome- timcs only in part ; being rang'd on either fide, to prevent People entering with Arms, any Tumults being made tgt The Word, in its Original, fignifies Gate. See Ser 1- gi.io.

CAPTLLAMENT, literally fignifies Hair ; being form'd of the Latin Capillus, of Caput ; q. d. Hair of the Head. Hence the Word is figuratively apply'd to feveral things, which, on account of their Length and Finenefs, referable Hairs : As,

( l$* )

CAP

CApiLLAMEfSTS of the Nerves, are the fine Fibres of Filaments, whereof the Nerves a.e compos'd. ' Is ' not ' Vifion perform'd chiefly by the Vibrations of this Me- ' dium, excited in the Bottom of the Eye by the Rays of ' Light ; and propagated thro the folid, pellucid, and uni- ' form Capillaments of the Optic Nerves, to the Seiiforium '' Newt. Opt. p. 32S. SeeFiBRE, andNtivt.

Capillaments, in Botany, more ufually call'd Stamina) are thofe fmall Threads, or Hairs, which grow up in the Middle of the Flower ; and are headed with little Knobs, call'd Apices. See Stamina, and Apices.

CAPILLARY, of the Latin Capillus, a Hair ; is ar> ply'd to feveral Things, to intimate their exceeding Small- nefs, Finenefs, fge. refembling that of a Hair : As Capil- lary Veffels, Capillary Fracture, iSc.

Capillar? Vejfels, in Anatomy, are the leaft, minuteft, infenfible Ramifications of the Veins and Arteries ; which, when cut, or broke, yield but very little Blood. See Vein, and Artery. The Capillary Vcfl'els fhou'd be conceiv'd as vaftly finer than Hairs. See Inosculation, Circula- tion, £5?c.

, Capillary, or Capillaceous 'Plants, are a Species of Plants, thus denominated from their Form, and manner of growing. The Capillaries have no principal Stalk, or Stem, with Branches, igc. (hooting out of the fame ; but grow from the Ground, like Hair* from the Head . They bear their Seed in little Tufts, or Prominencies, on the back- fide of their Leaves. The principal of thefe, is the Capil- lus Veneris, or Adianthum; from which the reft take their Name. See Plant.

The Capillaries are diftinguifh'd into thofe with an un- divided Leaf, as the HdSmiomtis, and the 'phyllitis ; or with a fingly divided Leaf: and thefe have the Leaf either cut, or jagged in, but not divided into Pismte, clear home to the main Rib; as, Polipodium, Lonchitis, Scolopendria, Adianthum, Aeroflichon Thai. Or elfe divided quite home to the Rib, and hanging like 'Pinna ; as the Chama felts Marina, and the Trichcmanes : Others have the Leaf dou- bly divided, or at leaft once fubdivided, the firft Divifion being into Branches, and the fecond into 'Pinna ; as the Hemiemtn Mnltifida, the Files Mas, Filex Paltiftris, Fi- les Saxatilis. The Adianthum album, and nigrum, and others, have the Leaf trebly divided, or thrice fubdivided; firft into Branches, then into liitie Twigs, and after this into 'Pm;ne ; thefe are, the Felis Scandens of Brajil, the Felix Florida, or Ofmunda Regalis ; the Felix mas Ramo- fa, the Felix Fxmitue Vulgaris, the Adianthum album Flo- ridum, and the 'Drioptefis nigra.

All the Capillaries are reputed of ufe in Medicine, efpe- cially in the making of Syrops ; to which, wonderful Virtues are attributed. But, in effea, only the Capillary of Montpellier, Adianthum album Monfyelienfe, and that of Canada, Adianthum album Canadenfe, are regularly us'd for that Purpofe : The reft only ferve to counterfeit 'em.

The Antients thought that the Capillaries were all with- out Seed ; and fome of the Moderns, particularly Ttodo- nails, have given into the Opinion. But Satthmus, and other of the more accurate Obfervers, maintain they have all their Seed. Cm/ius fays, he has feen them with a Mi- crofcope : Since him, Mr. W. Cole has obferv'd 'em with frill more Curiofity ; he tells us, the Capfula, or Seed Vef- fels, are in fome lefs by half than a fmall grain of common Sand, in others much lefs ; yet fome of them contain about ioq Seeds. See Seed.

Capillary Tubes, in Phyficks, are little Pipes, whofe Canals are the narroweft poffible ; not fuch, whofe Diame- ters do not exceed that of a common Hair ; for none fuch can be made : The Diameter of Capillary Tubes, is a half, third, or fourth of a Line. See Tube.

TheAfcent of Water, &c. in Capillary Tubes, is a fa- mous lhamomenon which has long embarafs'd the Philofo- phers : Let one End of a fmall Tube, open at both Ends, be immerg d in Water, and the Liquor within the Tube will rile to fome fenfible Height above the external Surface: or, immerge two or more Tubes in the fame Fluid, one of them a Capillary one, and the other confidcrably larger ; the Water will afcend confiderably higher in the Capillary Tube than the other ; and this in the reciprocal Ratio of the Diameters of the Tubes. This Effect, Authors have commonly imputed to the unequal Preffure of the Air in unequal Tubes: The Air, fay they, confifts of ramofe fpon- gy Parts, intermingled and embarafs'd among each other : now, a Column of fuch Air being fuppos'd perpendicularly incumbent on the Canal of a fmall Capillary Tube ; patt of the Preffure of rhe Column will be'fpent on the Sides, or Surface of the Tube; fo that the Column will not aa with its whole Weight on the fubjacent Fluid, but will lofe a greater or lefs proportion of its Weight, as the Diameter of the Tube is the linaller. But this Solution is deftrov'd, by the Experiment's fuccceding in Vacuo, as well as in open Air.

' Others,