Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/301

 CAN

crnwn'd with Flowers, Myrtles, i3c. The Cam thefe Ceremonies, always march'd the firft; the

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obora, in .- Philofo- pher or PrieU nexr, and the Choir of Mufic follow'd. The CanephortS were always Girls of Condition 3 and were at- tended by an old Woman who carry'd 'em a Seat.

CANEPHORIA, was a Ceremony, which made Part of a Feaft, celebrated by the Maids the Eve of their Marri- age-Day ; call'd alfo 3V ofelia ; which fee. The Canephoria, as pracfis'd at Athens, confifted in this ; that the Maid conducted by her Father and Mother, went to the Temple of Minerva ; carrying with her a Bafket full of Prefents, to engage the Goddefs to make the Marriage happy ; or ra- ther, as the Scholiaft of Theocritus has it, the Bafket was intended as a kind of honourable Amends made to that Goddefs, the Protectrefs of Virginity, for abandoning her Party 3 or a Ceremony to appeafe her Wrath.

CANICULA, a Name proper to one of the Stars of the Conilellation Cams Minor 3 call'd alfo limply the Dog- fflar : by the Greeks, Trocyon. Canicula is the 10th in Or- der in the 'Britannic Catalogue, in Tycho's and 'Ptolemy's 'tis the id. 'Tis fituate in the Thigh of the Conftellation ; its Magnitude between a firft and lecond : Its Longitude, Latitude, &c. fee among thofe of the other Stars of that Conftellation. Camellia rifes on the i«th of July : Its ri- fing and fetting with the Sun, occafions what we call

Canicular, or 'Dog-Days, the Time during which the Sun rifes and fets with Canicula, which it does from the 24th of July to the 28th of Auguft. Some Authors tell us from Hippocrates and 'Pliny, that the Day Canicula rifes, the Sea boils, Wine turns, Dogs begin to grow mad, the Bile increafes and irritates, and all Animals grow languid ; and that the Difeafes ordinarily occafion'd in Men, are burning Fevers, Dyfenteries, and Phrenfics. The Romans facrifie'd a brown Dog every Year to Canicula at its rifing, to appeafe its Rage. They fuppos'd Canicula to be the Occafion of fultry Weather, ufually felt in the Dog-Days ; but by Mif- take: in five or fix thoufand Years more, Canicula may chance to be charg'd with bringing Froft and Snow ; for it will rile in November or December. The Egyptians and Ethiopians began their Year at the rifing of Canicula ; reckoning to its rife again the next Year, which is call'd the Annus Canarius.

CANINE Appetite, an inordinate Hunger, to the Degree of a Difeafe. See Bulimia.

C ANINI DENTES, in Anatomy, are two Teeth in each Jaw 3 one on each fide the Incifires and Molares. They are pretty thick and round, and end in a (harp Point ; have each one Root, which is longer than the Roots of the Inci- fores. Their proper ufe is to pierce the Aliment ; becaufe the Fore-Teeth are not only apt to be pulled outwards by the Things we hold and break with them, but likewife becaufe they are lefs fubject to Blows than the Molares : therefore above two thirds of them are bury'd in their Al- veoli, or Sockets; by which their Refiftance of all lateral Preffures, is much greater than that of the Molares.

CANINUS Mufculus, the fame as Elevator Labii Su- perioris 3 fee Elevator.

CANIS MAJOR, the Great Dog, in Aftronomy, a Con- ftellation of the Southern Hcmifphere. See Constella- tion.

The Stars in the Conftellation Canis Major, 'Ptolomy makes 28 ; Tycho obferv'd only 13 ; in the Britannic talogue they are 32

Names and situation the Stars.

CAN

South in the Neck

Bright one undci-Belly.betw.Thiglis

North, of two in the Neck Subfeq. of two in the Shoulder

M Enght one in theMiddle of the Body

30 Bright one in the Tail

Canis Minor,

Longitude.

Latitude.

, ,,

' n

11 32 8

a

39 32

10 24 46

Si


 * 5 57

17 12 31

50

16

15 17 41

J8

1 50

10 41 25

4«

10 1 3

19 3 JO

48


 * 9 37

20 12 26

47

S3 49

20 59 52

48

12 38

21 18 14

48

3« 51

21 5s 10

4«

M 37

22 3 25

¥

3« 30

25 12 10

5°

38 5«

3

- Caniculus, or the Little Dc? in Aflm nomy, a ConftelJation of the Southern HemifpW.^ by ^Greeks, Vrocyon. See Consolation '

The Stars in the Conftellation Cams Minor, in 3V W, Catalogue are z ■ m that of Tycbo Brake 5 • in the Sri tannic Catalogue 15 Their Order, Names Races, Lon- gitude, Latitude, Magnitude, £&. are as follows.

Stars in the Constellation Canis Minor.

Names and Situation of the Stars.

In the Head

North in the Neck South in the Neck Under thefe as in the Shoulder

\ J?tformis, over the Neck North, agaiiiir. preced. poller. Foot Middle South In the Thigh, Procyon.

10 Informis, towards the Tail of S> In the hind Lea,

Preced. in the A oTlnf. ? folfowg. this to the Sou. 5

Latter in the faid A

North

Longitude.

Latitude,

16 48

17 19

17 51

18 1

34 S8 S» 23

10 12

16 12

jS 42

31 30

Si 51

IS iS

■4

14 49 14

17 so 20 10 20 14 20 28

4°

7 33

9

19 18 18

4S 18 37 SS' 1} Si

22

21 30

ZI

IS

57 SS

22 11 25 19

26" 57

28 39

28 50

5 47 3° 12

1

10

18 18

n

21

17 57

53

10

47 S«

29 5«

27 5« 4s

Si 33

17

47 Si 37 35

« s s e s s

5

4

Names and Situation ef the Stars.

Preced. of the bright Informes ]

Subf before pofter.Feet of the Do-» In the preced. pofterior Foot In the Extrem. of the anterior Foot c Inform, under the pofterior Foot

Preced. of two in the lower Knee Subfeq. and South of the fame

South, in th c upper Knee North, in the lame Knee

10 Exceeding bright one in Momt\,sirius

South, and preced. in the Bread: « 'he lower Le^ In the North Ea?

CANKER, is a Speck made by a fliarp Humour, which gnaws the Jlefh almoft like a Cauftic ; very common to Children, in their Mouth eipccially. It j s alfo a Difeafe incident to Trees ; proceeding chiefly from the Nature of the Soil. See Diseases of -Plants.

CANNON in War, a Piece of Artillery ; or a Military Machine for throwing Iron, Lead, or Stone Bulicrs by- force of Gun-pouder, to a Place directly oppofite ,o' the Axis of the Cylinder, whereof it confifts. See Gdn and Ordnance.

The Parts and Proportions of a Cannon about n Foot

long, are, its Barrel, or Cavity, o Foot ; its Fulcrum or

Support, 14 ; and its Axis 7 ; the Bore, or Diameter of

the Mouth if Inches, and two Lines the play of the Ball •

Their Order, Names, Places, Lon- The Diameter of the Ball therefore 6 Inches • and its'

Weight 33 Pounds J The Metal thick about the Mouth, 2 Inches ; and at the Breech 6. It weighs about 5600 Pounds: Its Charge is from 18 to 20 Pounds. It carries, Point-blank, 000 Paces ; and loads ten times in an Hour fometimes fifteen ; in a Day i 20. Its Bed 15 Foot broad' and 20 long, for the Rebound. It requires 20 Horfes to draw it.

gitude, Latitude, Magnitude,^, are as follows. Stars in the Conftellation Canis Majok, or Great Dog,

Jrcnd. °f the Contain the Preced. of tv

Bread:

„ two in the Shoulder South. oftheContig.in the Bread

In the Head

Third of thofe fbllbmW In BreilJt

Longitude.

Latitude.

„, „

„

• „

17 Si Si

57

24 15

22 7 5

59

14 20

3 6 8

S3

24 57

2 52 58

4?

17 47

4 11 39

5S

44 8

6 20 $4

¥

3« 17

7 21 25

4«

S 3«

7 10 48

41

4« 23

7 25 41

42

21 25

7 41 57

41

19 24

9 49 1

39

32 8

9 59 3 s

37

19 38

10 58 50

43

52 II

14 5 13

55

1 1 25

'I Si 53

34 44 34

12 55 S«

42

54 49

!J 5° 34

4« 48 52

13 25 56"

43

2 18

12 44 29

S«

41 50

'3 34 5S

41

45 40

For a Sattering-'Piccc, whofe Ball is 3 tf Pounds, there inuft be two Cannoneers, three Chargers, and 30 Pioneers.

Cannons are diitinguifh'd from the Diameters of the Balls they carry • but this Diftinflion is different in different Nations. The Proportion of their Length to their Diame- ter, depends rather on Experience, than any Reafoning H priori ; and has been accordingly various, in various Times and Places : The Rule is, that the Gun be of fuch a Length, as that the whole Charge of Pouder be on Fire e'er the Ball quit the Piece. If it be made too long, the Quantity of Air to be driven out before the Ball, will give too much Refiftance to the Impulfe ; and that Impulfe cealing, the Friction of the Ball againft the Surface of rhe Piece, will take off fome of its Motion. Formerly, Cannons were made much longer than at prefent ; till fome made by chance z~ Foot fhortcrthan ordinary, taught 'em that the Ball moves with a greater Impetus through a lefs Space than a larger. This Guftavus K. oi Sweden prov'd by Experience in 1(124 . An Iron Ball, 48 Pounds Weight, being found to go farther from a new fhort Cannon, than another Ball of jiS Pounds out of an old, longer Piece; whereas, in other refpecls, 'tis certain the larger the Bore and Ball, the greater the Ranoe.

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