Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/290

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Cadets in each Company. In 16S2, the King of France eftabliuVd Companies of Cadets, wherein the young Gen- try were train'd up to War.

CADI, or KADHI, a Name given to the Judges of Ci- vil Caufes, among the Ttirks and Saracens. The Term, however, is ordinarily reftrain'd to the Judges of Cities ; thofc in Provinces being call'd Mollas.

CADIL ESCHER, or CADILESCHER, a Chief Juf- tice among the Turks. Each Cadilefcher has his particular DiAricr : Ricaut makes but three in the Empire 5 that of Europe, Natalia, and Cairo. The Word comes from the Arabic Kadi, Judge ; the Particle Al ; and Afchar, Army ; as being at their firft Inftitution, Judges of the Soldiery.

CADIZADELITES, a Sea among the Muffulmen. The Cadizadelites are a kind of Stoic Mahometans, who avoid all FeaAing and Diverfion, and affect an uncommon Gravity in all they do or fay : Thofe of 'em who inhabit the Frontiers of Hungary, ckc. agree in many Things with the Chriftians ; and drink Wine, even in the Fatt of Rama- dan. They read the Sclavonic Tranilation of the Bible, as well as the Alcoran. Mahomet, according to them, is the H. S. who defcended on the Apoftlcs in the Day of Pen- tccoft.

CADMIA, in Pharmacy, a Mineral, whereof there are two Kinds, vis. Natural and Artificial : the Natural Cad- mia, again, is of two Kinds ; the one containing Metallic Parts, and call'd Cobalt ; which fee : The other containing none, call'd Calamine, or Lifts Calaminaris ; which fee. The Artificial Cadmia is prcpar'd from Copper, in Fur- naces ; of this there are five Kinds ; the firil call'd Sotry- tiSi as being in form of a Bunch of Grapes ; the fecond, Oftracitis, as refembling a Sea-lhell ; the third, Tlacitis, becaufe refembling a Criift ; the fourth, Capnitis ; and the fifth, Calamitis, which hangs round certain Iron Rods, where- with the Matter of thcCopper is ftirr'd in theFurnace ; which being fhaken off, bears the Figure of a Quill, call'd in La- tin, Calamus. The Cadmia Sotrytis is found in the Mid- dle of the Furnace ; the Oflrytis at the Bottom ; the 'Placitis at the Top ; and the Capnitis at the Mouth of the Furnace.

Cadmia is deficcative and deterfive, us'd in moift {link- ing Ulcers ; which by means hereof are brought to cica- trize. The Sotrytis and 'Placitis, are alfo very good in Difeafes of the Eyes.

CADRITES, a kind of Religious among the Mahome- tans. Their Founder was Abdul Cadri, a great Philofopher and Lawyer ; whence they fetch their Name, Cadrites. ' They live in Common, and in a kind of Monafleries ; which, however, they are allow'd to quit, if they requeft it, and to marry ; on condition of their wearing black Buttons on their Garments, to diflingui/h 'em from the reft of the People. In their Monafleries, each Friday, they pafs thegreateft Part of the Night in running round, holding each others Hand, and crying inceffantly Hhai, living, one of the Names of God : One of their Number plays all the Time on a Flute, to animate 'em in this extravagant Dance. CADUCEUS, Mercury's Rod ; or a Wand, twifled with two Serpents. The Poets attribute wondrous Virtues to the Caduceus ; as that of throwing People into a Sleep, railing the Dead, He. It was alfo us'd by the Antients as a Symbol of Peace and Concord : Thus, we read, the Romans Tent the Carthaginians a Javelin and a Caduceus, offering 'em their Choice, whether of War or Peace. The Word is deriv'd a Cadendo, becaufc it laid Contentions and Wars. Among the Romans, thofe who denoune'd War were call'd Feciales ; and thofe who went to demand Peace, Caduceatores ; becaufe they bore a Caduceus in their Hand. The Caduceus found on Medals, is a common Symbol, fig- nifying good Conduct, Peace, and Profperity. The Rod expreffes lower, the two Serpents Prudence, and the two Wings Diligence.

CADUCUS MORBUS, in Medicine ; fee Epilepsy. • \. c a' or rather Coec^m. Intellinum, or Blind-Gut, is the hrlt of the great Guts. It is four or five Finoers breadth long, and about the Bignefs ofa Swan's Quill; call'd Cecum, becaufe only open at one end, where it is ty'd to the Beginning of the Colon, as an Appendage thereto 5 fo that the Excrements come and go out at the lame Orifice Its other End is not tied to the Mefentery, but to the rioht Kidney, by means of the Peritoneum. The true ufe of This Part is not yet dctermin'd. Some account it as a fecond Stomach ; wherein the Food, after having detach'd all its Chyle thro the Laftcals, undergoes a further Digef- tion, fo as to part with more Chyle 'through the Lafleals below it. Dr. Lifter affigns the ufe of the Cecum to be, to keep the Excrements which pafs into its Cavity, (as mofl of thofe of found Animals he thinks do) till they are fufficiently drain'd, bak'd, and harden'd, to receive the Figure to be given 'em by the Colon and ReSum. He adds, to confirm this, that wherever there are elegantly fi- gur'd Excrements of the firfl kind, there is a capacious Cx- citm ; and vice verfa. This indeed is true, that feme Ani-

mals, which are naturally loofe, have either no Cecum at all, or very little ; as the 'Lalpa, Echinus L'crreftris, Gula &c. Nature's End, in thus providing for the Figuration of the Excrements, he takes to be, firfl, to prevent Diar- rheas ; fecondly, to abide Hunger the better ; (thus it is that Snails, in Winter, reft with full Inteflines :) Lalfly, to heighten the Digeflion and Fermentation in the Stomach and Imall Guts.

Dr. Mujgravc gives us an Account, in the Philofophical T'ranfaffions, of the Cecum of a Dog being cut out, with- out any Prejudice to the Animal. M Giles gives us ano- ther, of the Ctecum of a Lady being diflended fo as toform

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a Tumor, that held almoft three Chopines ofa thin, gi _ ; ifh, almoft liquid Subflance, whereof fhe dy'd. And Mr. Knonies, a third, of a Boy's Cecum being vaftiy extendedand fluff'd with Cherry-flones, which likewife prov'd Mortal.

Some fay, the Name, Crecum, is miflaken 5 not allow- ing this to be the Cecum of the Antients, which they ima- gine to be the thick globous Part, of the Colon, immedi- ately appended to the Ileum ; and therefore give this Part the Name of Appendicula Vermiformh. See Intestines. CAG, or KEG, is a Barrel, or Veffel, containing from four to five Gallons. See Measure.

CAIMACAM, Lieutenant, a Dignity in the Ottoman Empire. There arc ordinarily three Caimacams ; one con- ffantly attending the Grand Signior, another the Grand Vizier, and a third refiding conftantly at Conftantinople, in quality of Governor j who examines Affairs of Policy, and re- gulates 'em in great meafure. The Caimacam that at- tends the Vizier, only officiates when at a diftance fiom the Grand Signior ; his Function ceafing, when the Vizier is with the Sultan. The Caimacam of the Vizier is his Se- cretary of State, and the firft Minifler of his Council. The Word is compos'd of the two Arabic Words, Cairn machmn, he who holds the Place, or difcharges the Function of ano- ther.

CAINITES, or CAINIANS, a Seft of antient Here- ticks, fo call'd from Cain ; whom they efteem'd as their Fa- ther. The Caimtcs were a Branch of the Gnoftics : They held, that Cain and Efau, Lot, and thofe of Sodom, were born of a mofl eminent Celcftial Virtue ; that Abel, on the contrary, was born ofa Virtue much lefs eminent : To Cain, and others of rhe fame Order, who, according to them, had a mighty Knowledge of all Things, they affoeiatcd Ju- das ; whom they held in fo much efleem, that they had a Book among 'em call'd the Gofpel of Judas. S. Epipha- nius relates, and at the fame time refutes their Errors.

CALAMINARIS LAPIS, Calamine Stone, Calamite, of Cadmia, a kind of foffile bituminous Earth, of fome ufe in Medicine, but of more in Foundery ; being us'd to dye Copper yellow, i. e. to convert it into Brafs. It is either of a grcyiih Colour, as that of Germany and England ; or reddi/h, as that about Liege, and in fome Parts of 'France ; accounted the befl, becaufe yellow by Calcination. It is dug out of Mines, ufually in fmall Pieces ; having always Eyes, fomctimes Veins, of Lead ufually ; tho not always ' found in Lead-Mines. We have Mines of Calamine at Wrington in Somcrfttjhire. It is generally dug in barren rocky Ground ; its Courts running, ufually, at 6 a-Clock, as they call it, i. c. from Eafl to Weft ; fometimes at 9, and fomctimes at 12- ; or perpendicular, which is accounted the heft. When dug, it is walh'd, or huddled, as they call it, in a running Water, which carries off the impure and ear- thy Parts ; leaving the Lead, Calamine, and other fparry Parts at bottom : They then put it in a Sieve, and fluking it well in Water, the Lead mix'd with it finks to the bot- tom, the fparry Parts get to the top, and the Calamine lies in the middle : Thus prepat'd, they bake it in an Oven four or five Hours ; the Flame being fo contriv'd as ro pafs over, and fo to heat and bake the Calamine ; ftirring and turning it all the while with Iron Rakes. This done, they beat it to Pouder ; picking out of it what Stones they find ; and thus it is fit for ufe. For the manner of applying it in the Preparation of Brafs. Sec Brass.

Befidcs the two Natural Calamines, there are Artificial ones : The beft is that call'd •Pompholix ; which fee.

Calamine is of fome medicinal Virtue, being aflringent, deficcative, and deterfive ; much us'd for taking off Films from the Eyes of Horfes, i$c.

CALAMITA, in Pharmacy, a Term fometimes us'd for Styrax, becaufe frequently put up in Quills. See Styrax. CALAMITES. See Cadmia, and Calaminaris. CALAMUS Aromaticus, call'd alfo Calamus Verm, and
 * als Calamus Amarus, and Acorus ; a kind of Rufh, of the

be, Thicknefs ofa Goofc's Quill, two or thtee Foot hinh, orow- ' ing in the Levant. Its chief, and almoft only uTe, ?s for Treacle : It mull be chol'en grey-whitifh without, and red- dim within ; its Pulp white, and its Tafle infupportably bitter. Calamus Scriptorius, in Anatomy, is a Dilatation of the fourth Ventricle of the Brain ; fo called from/ its Fi- gure, which refembles that of a Quill,

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