Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/289

 CAD

( *39 )

GAD

fweet as that of Almonds, and drawn in the fame manner ; excellent for Burns.

In fome Parts of America, the Cacoa Grains are us'd by the Indians as Money ; ti or 14, are efteem'd equivalent to a Spamjh Real, or 6» J Sterling. See Coins.

CACHEXIA, or CACHEXY, in Medicine, an ill Habit

M ;l -JJulmen, who are ftrifl <Prcdeftinariatis. The Author of this Sect, was Maabed ben Kalid-Al Giobm. The Word comes from the Arabic Yip, Kadara, Power. 'Ben Aun calls the Cadarians, the Magi, or Manichees of the Mujfitl- men.

CADE, a Cag, Cafk, or Barrel ; us'd in the Hook of

or Difpolition of Body 5 wherein, the Nutrition is deprav'd Rates for a determinate Number of fome forts of Fifii ; as

throughout the whole Habit, at once : frequently leading to- wards a Dropfy ; and accompany'd with a Swelling.or Bloating of the fleftiy Parts ; a palenefs or lividnefs of Complexion, Z£c. It ordinarily arifesftom a Debility, orFoulnefs of 'the Ventricle or Vifcera ; fometimcs from an Ulcer in the Reins, in Per- fons that have the Stone. The external Caufes are un

a Cade of Herrings, is a Veffel containing the Quantity of 5C0 Herrings, and of Sprats 1000. See Measure.

CADENCE, according to the antient Muficians, is a Series of a certain Number of Mufical Notes, in a certain Interval, which ft rikes the Eat agreeably ; and efpecially the Clofe of a Song, Stanza, &c. A Cadence ordina-

wholefom Food, frequent Dfunkcnnefs, exceffive Study, rily confifts of three Notes. There are three Kinds of Ccl-

much wakinf, fuppreflion of the Mcnfes, immoderate Lofs dences : The principal, or final Cadence ; ufually confifting

of Blood, Chronic Fevers, Obftructions, £5?c. of a fourth and a fifth to make an OSave, as being the

Soerbaavc afcribes the Diforder, either to the vitiated raoft excellent of Confonances : The Entry, or mediate,

State of the nutritious Juice, to fome Difotder of the Vef- fometimes call'd the attendant Cadence ; in regatd the final

fels that are to receive it, or to the Defect of the Faculty one is always expecfed : and the dominant, or prevailing

that fhou'd apply it. The Juice, he obferves, may be de- Cadence ; fo call'd, as being higher than either of the other :

prav'd either from the Quality of the Food 5 as if it be as the Mediate has its Name from its being in the middle,

farinaceous lefmrninous, fat, fibrous, iliarp, aqueous, or between the Dominant and Final. The modern Muficians

vifcous ■ from the want of Motion ; from the Organs vitia- make Cadence the Relation of two Notes fung together,

d by too much Weaknefs, or too much Strength : And thefe, as tit and re ; and when the laft of thefe Notes is follow'd

Tain, may be occafion'd by immoderate Secretions and with two Crotchets, the Cadence is faid to be double.

Cadence, in the modern Mufick, may be dcfin'd,a cer- tain Conclufion of a Song, or of the Parts thereof in

again, may be occafion'd by

Evacuations of any kind, the Schirrofity of fome of the Vifcera, or the Retention of fomething that lliould be fe- cern'd : And hence, a Diminution of the Solids, or a Reple- tion of the Liquids with things that can't pafs : Whence two notable ill Effects of this Evil ; via. a Leucophlegmatia

divers Places of a Piece ; which divide it, as it were, in- to fo many Members or Periods. The Cadence is, when the Parts fall and terminate on a Chord or Note ; the Ear

and an Anafarcous Dropfy. Now, according to* the various fceming naturally to expect, it. A Cadence is either per Colour, Quantity, Tenacity, Acrimony, and Fluidity of the feet or imperfect : A perfca Cadence, is that which confifts '- rife various Diforders, as the Eftecfs of the

nutritious Liquor, aril

Cachexia ; v. g. palenefs, yellownefs, lividnefs, greennels, blacknefs, or rednefs of the Skin ; heavinefs, windinefs, palpitation of the Heart and Arteries, increas'd with the leaft Motion ; crude thin Urine ; fpontaneous watry Sweats ; and, at length, a Leucophlegmatia and Dropfy. For the Vcffels that receive the nutritious Juice, there can't well be afTign'd any univerfal Fault ; unlefs their too great Con- tractility and Laxity, and the Diforders accruing from 'em, may be admitted as fuch. Lailly, Nutrition is impeded and perverted, by a Defect in the Faculty that fhould ap- ply it ; as when the circulating Force is either too languid or too violenr. The Word comes from the Greek napc'-S'a ; form'd from the Greek mail, ill, and s?«, Ttifpofttion. The Cachexia is more frequently call'd Cacochymia, which fee.

CACHOU, a medicinal Aromatic Drug, rank'd among the Number of Perfumes ; call'd alfo Terra Jafonica. Notwithstanding the great ufe of Cacbott, before that of

i>UlWKlllianuiiit ."" h ^ ', , T •", T, J- "II- |

Coffee and Tea; and its being flill frequently us'd by many regard to tteBais Viol People, efpecially in France, irs Nature and Origin is yet but little known ; even among the ableft Phyficians : Some

two Notes, fung after each other, or by Degrees conjoin'd in. each of the two Parts j 'tis call'd perfect, becaule it latisfies the Ear better than the other. The Cadence is imperfect, when its laft Meafure is not in Octave, nor in Unifon, but in a Sixth or Third : As when the Bafs, in lieu of defcending a Fifth, only defcends a Third ; or when defcending a Fifth, or, which is the fame thing, afcending a Fourth, it makes an Octave with the Treble, in the firft Meafure, and a third Major with the Second : 'Tis call'd Imperfect, becaufe the Ear does not acquiefce in this Conclufion, but expects the Continuation of the Song. The Cadence is faid to be broke, when the Bafs, in lieu of falling a Fifth, which the Ear expects, rifes a Second, either Major or Minor. Every Ca- dence is in two Meafures : Sometimes it is fufpended j in which Cafe 'tis call'd a Repofe, and only confifts of one Meafure : as when the two Parts ftop at the Fifth, without finifhing the Cadence.

M. Roujfeau diftingui flies two Kinds of Cadence, with

A Cadence with, and without

Reft. The Cadence with a Reft, is when the Finger that fhould /hake the Cadence, {lops a little before it fhakes, on the Note immediately above that which requires the Cadence : The Cadence without a Reft, is when that ftop is omitted. There are alfo {xm-^Xc Cadences, and double ones 5 the Double ones are various : The more Double arc thofe

from irs being call'd Japon "Earth, rank it among the me- dicinal Earths, and pretend 'tis found on the Tops of Moun- tains, cover'd with the Roots of Cedars, whole Food it is : and that being wafli'd in the River, and dry'd in the Sun,

'tis form'd into a kind of Pafte 5 which brought into Ett- made on a long Note ; the lels Double, thole on a Short

" or Fucus's, call'd Note. The final Cadence, fhould always be preceded by a double one. The Cadences are always to be accommoda- ted to the Character of the Air. The Word comes from Ca- dencia, fall ; a Cadence being the Fall or Conclufion of a piece of Harmony 5 proper to terminate either the Whole, or a Part. Some Muficians call a Shake a Cadence $ but that is to confound Terms. From this Mufical Cadence arifes, Cadences, in Singing, are the fame with Points and Virgula's in Difcourfe. The Singing-Mafters fay, the Ca- dence is a Gift of a Mafter, proper for making the Shakes delicate. When the Voice is harfh, the two Notes where- a B V p it Earth Gum, or Composition, Cachou is of much of the Cadence confifts, mult be ftruck in the Throat, the

rope, ferves as the Balis of feveral Paftels, Cacbott. Others, with more Probability, range it among the Gums ; and maintain it to be form'd of the infpiffa- tcd Dccoffion of a Tree in the Eafl Indies, call'd Cacbous ; growing chiefly in the Kingdom of Cocbincbina. . Laftly, others, to whofe Opinion we rather incline, take it to be a factitious Compofition of feveral other Drugs ; efpecially the Juice of Areca, Extract of Liquorice, and Calamus Aromaticus, and the Bark of a Tree, call'd by the Indians Catechu ; which may probably be the fame with that

-a in Medicine : Among other Effefts attributed to it, one after the other ; as alfo on the Harpficol, in ftriking the 'tis fuppos'd to ftop a Cough, and fortify the Stomach; two Fingers on the two Stops that make theShake. .: *. 1 .. fweetening and petfuming the Breath.

befides "its fweetening and perluming the Breath, when ta- ken in an impalpable Pouder, mix'd with Gum Traga-

CACOCHYMIA, a deprav'd Habit of Body, confifting in its bein" replete with ill Humors, from various Caufes ; fee Cachexia. When the Repletion is merely with Blood, 'tis call'd a 'Plethora ; fee Plethora. Gorrietts gives the Name Cacochymia to the Abundance and Excefs of any ill

Cadence in dancing, when the Steps follow the Notes and Meafures of the Mufic.

Cadence, in the Manage, the equal Meafure and Time a Horfe is to keep in his Motions, Airs, {3c

Cadence, in Oratory, when the Sounds end agreeable to the Ear.

Cadence, in Poetry, a certain Meafure of Verfe, vary-

g as rhe Kinds of Verfe vary ; differing, v. g. in Sap-

llutnor • whether it be Bile, Pituita, tie. provided there phics, from what it is in Heroics or Iambics. See Metre,

be onlv one that thus offends in Quantity : 'Plethora he Quantity, &c. ,.„„.,_

calls the Abundance or Excefs of all the Humors together. CADETS, the younger Brothers of a Family : a Term

The Word comes from the Greek »«*©-, ill, and m^f", naturaliz'd in our Language from the French. At Fa-

Tuicc Sec Plethora. TO, among the Citizens, the Cadets have an equal i omon

CACOPHONIA or CACOPHONY, in Grammar, the with the Eldeft : In other Places, the Eldeft has all. Ac- meeting of two Letters, or two Syllables, that make a harib. cording to the Cuftom of Spain, one of the Cadets, in difagrecable Sound. The Word is fometimcs alfo us'd in gteat Families, takes the Mothers >ame. See Brother. Singing ; it comes from the Greek MM r, and *»m, Voice. Cadets, are alfo a kind of young Volunteers, who en-

CADARIANS a Se& of Mahometans, who attribute ter into the Army without being put on the l^itt, or receiv-

the Aftions of Men to Men alone, and not to any fecret ing Pay ; only to leatn the Art of War, and fit themlelves

Power determining the Will ; contrary to the reft of the for Employments. Formerly there were only allow d two