Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/279

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it evacuates pretty ftrongly, fometimes by Vomiting, but more frequently by Urine : Whence fome Authors recom- mend it, as excellent for purging Serofities j and even as a Specifick in the Dropfy. M. Boulduc found, by a Chy- mical Analyfis, that it confilted only of faiine Principles, without any R_cfin : Wherein it differs from Mccboacan, which, in other refpects, it much refembles. He adds, it has more virtue taken in Subftance than in any other man- ner 5 which is common to this and other Purgatives.

BUBBLE, in Commerce, a Cant Name, -lately given to a fort of Projects, for the railing ofMoney on imaginary Grounds; very frequent in the Years 1)20, — zi. - See Stocks.

The pretended Defign of thefe Undertakings, was to raife a Stock, for the retrieving, fetting on foot, or carrying on fome promifing and ufeful Branch of Trade, Manufacture, Machinery, or the like. In order to which, Propofals were given out, {hewing the Advantages of theDefign, and invi- ting Pcrfons into it. The Sum necefTary to carry on the Aft-air, together with the Profits expected from it, were divi- ded into a certain Number of Shares, or Sulfcriftions, to be purchas'd by Perfons difpos'd to adventure therein. The real Defign, in fome, was to raife a Sum for the private Advantage of the Projectors ; to be laid out by them in the South-Sea Stock, &c. in hopes, by the Rife thereof, to be able to refund the Subfcribers Money, with Profit to them- felves. In others the Defign was, abfoluteiy to defraud the Adventurers of their Subfcription-Money, without any View to Reftitution. There was a third kind fomewhat diffe- rent 5 the Projectors of thefe, to proceed the more fecure- Jy, propos'd to have Books open'd, and Subfcriptions taken in at fome time to come 5 and in the mean time took Mo- ney, by way of Premium, to entitle Perfons to be admitted Subfcribers, as foon as the Affair fhould be ripe, for divi- ding into Shares. Several thoufand Shares were, thus, ve- ry frequently befpoke in one Day- and Premiums, from one Shilling to fome Pounds, pay'd thereupon, to the Pro- fits of the Projectors. See Subscription.

The number of Bubbles, and their Qualities, were very extraordinary: Some of 'em too authoriz'd by Patents; and in others, the Projectors and their Proprietors form'd into Corporations ; Some for Fisheries, fome for Infurances, fome for the digging of Mines, &c. Pofterity, doubtlefs, will be furpriz'd to hear of others for cleaning the Streets, others for furnifhing Shoes, others for Stockings, others for Phyfick,others for the Maintenance of Ballard Children,others for the buying bad Titles, others for the lending of Mo- ney, &c,

BUBBLES, in Phyficks, little round Drops or Veficles of any Fluid fill'd with Air, and form'd on its Surface, upon the Addition of more of the Fluid, as in raining 5 or in its Subftance, upon a vigorous interline Commotion of its Parts. Bubbles are dilatable or compretTible, i. e. take up more or lefs room, as the included Air is more or lefs heat- ed, or more or lefs prefs'd from without ; and are round, becaufe the included Aura acts equably from within all a- round. Their Coat or Cover is -form'd of the minute Par- ticles of the Fluid, retain'd either by the Velocity of the Air, or by the brisk Attraction between thofe minute Parts and the Air. 'Tis thefe little 'Bubbles, riling up from Fluids, or hanging on their Surface, which form the white Skum a-top ; and 'tis thefe fame Bubbles which form the Steam or Vapour flying up from Liquors in boiling, &c. the manner of which fee under Boiling, Vapour, &c.

BUBO, in Medicine, a Tumor arifing on the Glands of the Groin and Armpits, with Inflammation and Pain ; owing to the overflowing of the Blood in thofe Glands, mix'd with fome peccant Humour. There are two Kinds of Bubo's, the one call'd Benign, or Mild, the other Ma- lignant. Malignant, are divided into <Peflilential*n& Vene- real : Peftilential arife on a Peitilcntial Fever, $3c. Vene- real Bubo's are the Product of impure Embraces 5 and fre- quently the Forerunner of the Pox. When a Bubo is en- compafsM with a Circle of ieveral Colours, 'tis a Sign it is Peftilential, and generally Mortal. The Word comes from the Greek $*@ue, jngiten ; the ufual Place of fuch Tumors.

BUBONOCELE, a Tumor arifing in the Groin ; oc- cafion'd by the Dcfcent of the Epiploon or Inteftines. 'Tis a Species of Hernia or Rupture; tho Chirurgeons call it an Incomplete one; and is common to Women as well as Men. The Word comes from the Greek fa&w, Ingnen, and jchah, Tumor.

BUCANEERS, or BOUCANEERS, a popular Term in the Weft Indies, us'd properly for a kind of Savages who prepare their Meat on a Grate, or Hurdle made of" Brafil Wood, plac'd in the Smoak at a good height from the Fire, andcall'd Boucan: whence alio the little Lodges rais'd for the Preparation of their Food are call'd Boucans ; and the Action of drefling it Boucaning. Meat boucan' d, isfaid to have an excellent Taite, the vcrmil Colour of a Rofe, and a charming Smell ; all which it retains many Months. Oexmelin, from whom we have this, adds, that the neigh-

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Wring People fend their Sick hithef, that by eating their boucan d Meat they may be recover'd.

The Origin of the Word is referr'd to the Caribbee Indi- ans, who uhng to cut their Prifoners of War in pieces, and lay 'em on Hurdles with Fire underneath ; which they call'd Boucaning, t. e. Roafting and Smoaking together : hence our Buwneers took both their Name and their Cuf- tom ; with this Difference, that what the fotmer did to Men, thefe did to Animals caught in Hunting. The Sta- nijb call thofe in their Tcrritor.es Matadores ; from Terou killers of Bulls, and Monteros, runners in the Wood : The BngUjk call theirs Co-Mierdicrs, or Cow-killers. The Bn- caneers are of two diftina Profeffions ; the one only hunt Bulls tor their Skins, the other Boars for their Fle/h. The Art of boucamng, Oexmclin defcribes thus ; the Boar be- ing flea'd, and the Bones ftripp'd out, is cut into Pieces of the Length of the Arm and ialted, and the next Day laid on the Soman ; which conftfts of 20 or 30 Bars laid acrofs, halt a Foot from each other: Under this they raife a thick Smoak, adding the Skin and Bones of the Boar to heigh- ten it. This is found vaiUy better than any fimple Fuel; in regard the Volatile Salts of thofe Patts, are by this means communicated to the Flefli, which give it fuch a Relifh, as that after a little of this boucaning, the niceft Palate will eat it without further Preparation

BUCCALES-GLANDULjE, are Glands difperfed 0- ver the inner Side of the Cheeks and Lips, which fepatate a Spittle ufehil in Maflication and Digeftion. See Mouth.

BUCCELLARII, a kind of Soldiers kept by the Greek Emperors, in the Provinces and Countries ; fo call'd becaufe fubfifted by the Emperor, or becaufe he was at the Expence of their eating ; from Buccella, a Diminutive of Bucca, Mouth : Thefe being in that Country, what the Commenfales, orBeef-Eatcrs are at Court. The Buccella- ni, in the Army where the Emperor commanded, march 'd before and behind him, as his Guard. There were alfo another kind of Bticceilarii, under the Greek Emperors ; ■viz. the EAAwo>«A*7it;, Greeks of Galatia, who furnilh'd the Soldiery with Bread.

The firft kind of Buccellarii, according to fome Authors, were Men whom the Emperors employ 'd in putting certain Perfons to Death fecretly. The Nomic Gloffcs interpret the Word Envoy, as alfo Stationary Soldier ; or a Perfon retain'd in the Service of any one : And the Bafilicks ex- plain it in the fame Senfe; deriving it from Bh.a., Mouth, Bread ; as fignifying a Perfon who eat the Bread of ano- ther, on account of his Service. Among the Vtfigoths, Buccellsirius was a general Name for all Clients or Vaflals, who liv'd at the Expence of their Lords.

BUCCINA, an antient Military, or rather Mufical In- flrument, ufed in War. 'Tis ufually taken for a kind of Trumpet ; which Opinion Feflvs confirms, by defining it a crooked Horn, plaid on like a Trumpet. Vcgetius alfo ob- ferves, that the Buccina was bent into a Circle ; in which it differ'd from a Trumpet, Tuba. Varro adds, they were call'd Horns, Cornua, becaufe originally made of the Horns of Cattel ; as is ftill done among fome People. Ser- vius feems to fay, that they were at firft made of Goats Horns : And the Scriptures call the Inftruments us'd, both in War and in the Temple, Keren Jobel, Rams Horns ; and Saphorotb Haijobelim, Buccinm, of Rams. The Mu- fical Instruments us'd in a Military March, are ffttccixtej Trumpets, Lituus, Clarions, Comets, Fifes, Drums, Tym- bals, t$c. which fee. The Marine Buccime, given by Po- ets and Painters to Tritons and Sea-Gods, are Shells tw'ilfed in form of Snails. The Word comes from Bucca, Mouth ; becaufe plaid on by the Mouth.

BUCCINATOR, or Trumpeter, in Anatomy, a Muf- de on each fide the Face, common to the Lips and Cheeks j making the inner Subftance of the latter : Its Fibres run from the 'Proceffus Corona of the lower Jaw, to the Angle of the Mouth, and adhere to the upper Part of the Gums of both Jaws : Thro its middle pafs the upper 1)uc~tus Sa- livates. By this is contracted the Cavity of the Mouth, and the Meat is thruft forward to the Teeth in Maflication. It has its Name from Buccina, Trumpet ; becaufe, when fwell'd, it enlarges the Cheeks, as in foundint. a Trumpet.

BUCENTAURE, or BUCCENTAUR, the Name of a large Veffel, us'd by the Venetians in the Ceremony of efpoufing the Sea, perform 'd each Jftmjim-Vay with much Pomp. p. Juftiniani, gives a very precife Defcription of the Buccentaur ; and adds, that its Orgin is carry'd up as high as the Tear of Chrift 1 3 1 1 ; tho others carry it higher, to the Year 11 77, when the Emperor Frederick Ba'rbarofa nmctoVenice, to make Peace with the Repub- lick and the Pope : At which Time the Pope, in Confide- ration of the Services the State had done him, in Ihelfer- ing hiin in their City when he had been driven out of his own, granted them feveral Privileges ; and made a prefent to the %)(-gc of a Gold Ring, which is the Origin of that yearly saft by the Doge, from the Buccentaur, into the Sea. The Word comes from the Greek, thmmvp®- ; com- L 1 pos'd