Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/277

 B R I

C 127 )

B R O

Is known, by the Smoak's turning from a whitilh dark, to and always wrote on Parchment, and feal'd with Lead or

a black tranfparcnt Smoak. They then ccafe to put in green Wax ; whereas Briefs are feal'd with red Wax, and

Wood, and proceed to burn with Bufh, Furze, Straw, with the Seal of the Fifberman, or St. 'Peter in a Boat,

Heath, Brake, or Pern Faggots ; having firft damm'd up in the Condition of a Fifherman ; a Seal never apply'd

the Mouth of' the Kiln with pieces o( Bricks pil'd up- but in the Pope's Prefence. The Brief is headed with the

on one another, and clos'd with wet Brick-Earth, inftead Name of the Pope apart • and commences with Diletla

of Mortar : They then continue to put in more Faggots, filio falutem, &c. Apoflolicam BenedlBionem, ckc. and

till the Kiln and its Arches look white, and the Fire ap- proceeds diredly to the Matter in hand, without further

pear atop of the Kiln. Then they ilacken the Fire for Preamble. They are not fubtrib'd by the Pope, nor with

an Hour, and let all cool by degrees : 48 Hours burning is his Name, but with that of his Secretary. Pope Alexan-

cencrally fufficient. About Loudon, they burn Bricks in der VI. inftituted a College of Secretaries tor Briefs ; fince

Clamps, built of the Bricks themfelves, after the manner which time, they have been made much longer and more

of Arches in Kilns ; with a Vacancy between each Brick's ample than before. Formerly Briefs were only difpatch'd

Breadth, for the Fire to play thro ; but with this Diffe rence, that inftead of arching, they trufs or fpan it over, by making the Bricks project one over another, on both fides the Place, for the Wood and Coals to lie in, till they meet, and are bounded by the Bricks at the Top, which dole all up. The Place for the Fuel is carry'd up ftraight on both fides, till about three Foot high ; then they fill it almoft with Wood, and over that lay a covering of Sea- Coal ; then over-fpan the Arch : But they drew

about Affairs of Juftice, but now they are likewife us'd for Graces and Difpenfations.

BRIGADE, in the Military Art, a Party or Divifion of a Body of Soldiers, whether Hotfe or Foot. There are two forts of Brigades, according to the French way of ac- cDunting. A Brigade of an Army ; which is a Body of Horfe of 10 or 12 Squadrons ; Or of Foot, of 5 or 6 Bat- talions. And this way an Army is fometimes divided into eight Brigades ; four of Horfe, and four of Foot. A Bri-

Sea-Coal alfo over the Cramp, betwixt all the Rows of gade of a Company of Cavalry is its third Part, when it Bricks- then they fire the Wood, and that fires the Coal : confifts only ot 50 Officers; but its fixth when it confifts and when all is burnt out, they conclude the Bricks burnt of 100.

enough.

Goldman obferves, that Bricks will have double the Strength, if, after one burning, they be fteep'd in Water, and burnt afrelli. If the Earth be too fat, it mull be temper'd with Sand ; and that trod out again, firft by Cat- tle then Men. Bricks made of common Earth, melt, nay vitrify, by too much Heat : For which Reafon, the Kilns are made of Stones that will themfelves calcine, that the Vehemence of the Fire may be broken by 'em : Be- fides which, they ufually place other Bricks, made of an argillous Earth which would melt, next the Fire.

Oil of Bricks, is an Oil of Olives, imbib'd by the Sub- ftance of Bricks, and afterwards diltill'd from it. The Pie- ces of Brick being heated red hot in live Coals, are extin- Puifh'd in an Earth half faturated with Oil of Olives : Be-

The Word Brigade is French ; fome derive it from Brigand or Brigue, a fecret Intrigue. 2)u Cange fetches it from Brigand, an ill-difciplin'd Soldier, who fcours the Country, and plunders it of every thing, without waiting for the Enemy ; as the Armies of Arabs, 'Tartars, ckc. The Origin of the Word Brigand is, again, deduced from Bri- gandine ; a Weapon wherewith the Army rais'd by the 'Parifians, during the Captivity of their K. John in Eng- land, notorious for their Robberies, were arm'd.

Brigadier, an Officer that commands a Brigade of Horfe and Foot in an Army : He is very confiderable, and goes next to the Marefchal de Camp.

Brigade- Major, is an Officer appointed by the Briga- dier to affift him in the Management and ordering his Bri- gade ; and he acts there, as a Major-Gencral does in an

ins then feparated and pounded grofsly, the Brick imbibes Army,

the Oil. Tis then put in a Retort, and plac'd in a BRIGANDINE, a Coat of Mail, or a kind of antient

Reverberatory Furnace ; and by Fire is drawn an Oil, defenfive Armour ; confiding of thin jointed Scales or

which the Apothecaries call Oleum de Lateriius 5 and the Plates, pliant and eafy to the Body. Some confound it

Chymifts Oil of Philofopbers, us'd ro refolve Tumors, in with Hailbergeon, and fome with a Brigantine, a low long

the Spleen in Palfies, and Epilepfies. VefTel.

BRIDGE, a Work of Mafonry, or Timber, builtovera BRIGANTINE, is a fmall, flat, open, light VeiTel,

River Canal', or the like, for the Convenience of croffing which goes both with Sails and Oars, and is either fir

the fame Some learned Men make Janus to have been Fighting or giving Chafe. It hath ufually 10 or 12 Ben-

the firft Inventor of Bridges, Ships, and Crowns ; becaufe ches on a fide for the Rowers, a Man and an Oar to each

in feveral Greek, Sicilian, and Italian Coins, there are re- Bench. They arc principally us'd by the Corfairs : All the

prefented on one fide a Janus with two Faces, and on Hands aboard being Soldiers ; and each having his Muf-

the orher a Bridge, ora Crown, or a Ship. According ro the ket ready under his Oar.

Teftimony Siventhereof by Athenians, 'Lib. 15. one of the mod notable Exploits of Julius Ctefar, was the expediti- ous making a Bridge of Boats over the Rhine. Xerxes is faid to have made a Bridge of Ships over the Hellefpont. See Ponton.

Bridge of Communication, is a Bridge made over a River ■ by which two Armies or Forts, feparated by the River, 'have a tree Communication with one another.

Braw-BRUCE, is fuch a one as may be drawn, or ta- ken up by means of a Sweep or Counterpoife ; and which /huts up againft the Gate, tic. There are others with.

Pitfalls and Beams, fuftain'd by two large Stakes 15 Foot pie Taffaty, when wrought, and enrich d with Flowers, i£c. hi»h • one Part whereof lowers as the other rifes. obtains the Denomination of Brocade._

BRIDLE of an Horfe, is an Aflemblage of various Mem bers, or Parts ; as the Bit or Snaffle, (fee Bit ;) the Head

■ between Enghjhmen and Strangers; by drawing the By. gain to Particulars, and the Parties to Conclufion : for which

BRINGERS-UP, in a Battalion, are the whole laft Rank of Men in it, or the laft in every File.

BROCADE, or BROCARD, in Commerce, a Stuff, or Cloth of Gold, Silver, or Silk, rais'd and enrich'd with Fiowers, Foliages, or other Figures, according to the Fan- cy of the Manufacturer. Formerly, the Term was re- ftrain'd to Cloths wove, either wholly of Gold, both Woof and Warp ; or of Silver, or of both together : Bur by de- grees, it came likewife to pafs for fuch as had Silk intc'r- mix'd, to fill up, and terminate the Flowers of Gold and Silver. At prefenr, any Stuff of Silk, Satin, or even fim-

BROKERS, are of two Kinds : The firft Exchange-

' Bit ;) the Head- Brokers, who deal in Matters of Money and Merchandize,

Hall, or Leathers from the Top of the Head to the Rings

of the Bit ; the Fillet, over the Forehead, and under the

Foretop ; Throat-band, which buttons from the Head-band under rh'e Throat; Reins, the Part held in the Hand ; Nofeband, going thro Coops at the back of the Head-flail, and buckled' under the Cheeks ; the Trench, the Cavezan, Martingal, and Chaff-halter.

BRIEF, or BREVE, in Law, is fummon'd or srtach'd ro anfwer any ASion ; or more largely it is taken for any Writ in Writing, iffued out of any°of rhe King's Courts of Record at Weftminfter, where- by any thing is commanded to be done in order to Juftice, or the Execution of the King's Command : and 'tis call'd 'Brief, or Breve, quia breiiiter intentionem froferentis ex- puit ; becaufe couch'd in a few plain Words, without Pre- amble, gJc

The Word Brief is alfo us'd for Letters Patent, or a Licence granted to a Subjcft, to make a Collection for any Publick or Private Lofs; fee Writ.

Afoflolical Briefs, are the Letters which the Pope difpatches to Princes, and other Magiftrates, touching any Publick Affairs : They are lb call'd, as being very concife, written on Paper, without Preface or Preamble ; in which they arediftinguifiVd

they have a Fee or Reward. Thefe, in our old Law-Books, are call'd Brcggtrs ; and in Scotland, Broccarii ; i. e. ac- cording to Skene, Mediators or Interceffors in any Con- tract, iyc. Thefe make it their Bufinefs to know the Al- teration of the Courfe of the Exchange, to inform Mcr- Writ whereby a Man chants how it goes, and to notify to thofe, who have Mo- ney to receive or pay beyond Sea, who are proper Perlons for negotiating the Exchange with ; and when the Matter is accompiifti'd, that is, when the Money is paid, thay have for Brokerige two Shillings per. 100 Pounds Sterling.

In France, till the Middle of the XVIIth Century, their Exchange-Brokers were called Courtiers de Change ; but by an Arret of Council, in i<S39, the Name was chang'd for that more credi rable one of Agents de Change, Ban- que, £? Finance : And in the Beginning of the XVIIIth Century, to render the Office ftill more honourable, the Ti- tle of King's Counfellors was added. At Grand-Cain, and feveral Places of the Levant, the Arabs who do the Office of Exchange-Brokers, are call'd Confute : The manner of whofe negotiating with the European Merchants, has fome- thing in it fo very particular, that we have referr'd it to :

from Bulls, which are mote ample, diftiiicf Article : See Consul. The Exchti

^Brokers at Amfterdam,