Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/261

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tance of Paftel. Some 'Dyers heighten their 'Blue by ad- rent without either Sails or Oars, but alfo advance To ding Brafil and other Woods. The ways of brightening much the farter, as the Rapidity of the Water is great-

Blues arc, by parting the Stuff, when dyed and well wafli'd. thro luke-warm Water ; or, which is much better, by work- ing and fulling the dyed Stuff with melted Soap, and then fcourinp it well. 'Blues are dyed immediately from the Whites, without any other Preparation than Fulling.

Twnfel Blue, is a 'Blue ufed in Painting on Wood, made of the Seed of that Plant. 'Tis prepar'd by boiling four Ounces otTurnfol in a Pint and half of Water wherein Lime has been flack'd. See Turnsol.

er. Its Make is the fame with that of the others, excep- ting only a Wheel added to its Side, with a Cord, which winds round a Roller as faft as the Wheel turns. See Vessel.

M. de la Hire h-as given us an Examen of the Force ne- ceffary to move Beats, both in ilagnant and running Wa- ter, either with Ropes farten'd to 'em, or with Oars, or with any other Machine : wherein he fhews, that the lar- ger the Surface of the Oars plung'd in the Water, and the

Flanders Blue, is a Colour bordering on Green, feldom fmaller that of the Boat prefented to the Water is ; and

ufed but in Landskips. again, the longer that Part of the Oar between the Hand

Antiently, Blue was the Symbol of the Sea; for which and the Place where the Oar refts on the Boat, and the

Reafon, in the Circenfian Games the Combatants who re- ihorter that between this lair Point and the Water ; the

prefented the Sea were clad in Blue ; and thofe who had freer will the Boat move, and the gteater Effect will the Oar

diftinguifh'd thcmfelves by any notable Exploit at Sea, have. See Rowing.

were rewarded' with a hUie Enftgn. Hence 'tis eafy to calculate the Force of any Machine

BLUEING of Metals, is the heating any Metal till it that Ihall be apply'd to Rowings v.g. If we know the

affume a blue Colour ; particularly practis'd by Gilders, &c. Abfolute Force of all the Men who Row, it mull be chang'd

who blue their Metals e'er they apply the Gold or Silver into a Relative Force, according to the Proportion of the

Leaf. See Gilding. two Parts of the Oar ; i.e. if the Part out of the Veffel

BLUENESS, the quality of a Body that is blue; or, be double the other, and all the Men together can act with

fuch a Size and Texture of the Parts that compofe the Surface the Force of 900 Pounds ; we compute firrt, that they wiil

of a Body, as difpofes 'em to reflect the blue or azure exert 500 : Which 300, multiply'd by the Surface the Vef-

Rays of Light, and thofe only, to the Eye. See Light fel prefents to the Water, gives a Solid of Water of a

and Colour. For the Blucnefs of the Skies, Sir Jfaac certain Weight; whofe Weight may be found, and of Con-

Newtoti obferves, that all the Vapours, when they begin fequence the Velocity imprefs'd on the Veffel by the Oars.

to condenfe and coalefce into natural Panicles, become firft Or the Velocity of the Oars may be found in the fame

of fuch a Bignefs as to reflect the azure Rays, e'er they manner, by multiplying the 300 Pounds, by the Surface of

can conftitute Clouds of any other Colour. This, there- all the Parts of the Oars plung'd in the Water. Nor would

fore, being the firft Colour they begin to reflect., mull be there be any Difficulty in finding firrt the Relative Forces,

that of the finert and moll tranfparent Skies, in which the then the Abfolute ones ; the Velocities either of the Oars,

Vapours are not arrived to a Grofsnefs iufEcient to reflect or of the Veffel being given, or the Proportion of the two

other Colours. Parts of the Oar.

M. de la Hire, and before him Leonardo da Vinci, ob- BOAT-SWAIN, is an Officer on Board a Ship, who has

ferves, that any black Body view'd thro a thin white one, Charge of her Rigging, Ropes, Cables, Anchors, Sails,

gives theSenfuion of blue ; and this he affigns as the Rea- lm of the Blueuefs of the Sky, the immenfe Depth where- of being wholly devoid of Light, is view'd thro the Air illuminated and whitened by the Sun. For the fame Rea- fon, he adds, it is, that Soot mix'd with a white makes

Flags, Colours, Pendants, &c. He takes care of the Ship's Long-Boat, and its Furniture; and fleers her, either by himfelf or his Mate. He calls out the feveral Gangs aboard, to the due Execution of their Watches, Works, tic. and he is likewife a kind of Provojl-Marfbal, who fees and

blue • for white.Bodics being always a little tranfparent, and punifhes all Offenders who are fentene'd by the Captain, or

mixing themfelvcs with the black behind, give the Percep- a Court-Martial of the Fleet.

tion of blue. From the fame Principle he accounts for the BOCARDO, in Logick, the fifth Mode and the third

Bluenefs of the Veins on the Surface of the Skin, tho the Figure. In a Syllogifm in Bocardo, the firrt Propofition is

Blood they are fill'd with be a deep red ; for red, he ob- particular and negative, the fecond univerfal and affirma-

ferves unlets view'd in a clear, ftrong Light, appears a tive ; and the Medium, or middle Term, the Subject in

dark brown bordering on black: Being then in a kind of the two Piopofitions. Thus.

Obfcurity in the Veins, it muft have the Effect of a black ; and this, view'd thro the Membrane of the Vein and the white Skin, will produce the Perception of Bluencfs.

BLUSHING, a Phenomenon in the Animal Oeconomy, excited from a Senfe of Shame, tic. It is fuppofed to be

Some Animal is not Man, livery Animal has a 'Principle of Senfation, therefore Jbmething has a Principle of Senfation be- fides Man. BODY, in Phyficks,afolid, extended, palpable Subrtance ;

produced from a kind of Confent, or Sympathy, between compofed, according to the Peripateticks, of Matter, Form,

feveral Parts of the Body, occafion'd by the fame Nerve and Privation ; according to the Epicureans and Corpufcu-

being extended to 'email. Thus the fifth Pair of Nerves larians, of an Affemblage of hooked, heavy Atoms ; accor-

being branch'd from the Brain to the Eye, Ear, Mufcles ding to the Cartefians, of a certain Quantity of Extenfion ;

of the Lips, Cheeks, Palate, Tongue, Nofe, tie. according to the "Newtonians, of a Syftcm, or Affociation of

hence a thing feen, or heard, that is ffiameful, affects the folid, maffy, hard, impenetrable, moveable Particles, rang'd

Cheeks with Blufhes, driving the Blood into the minute or difpos'd in this or that Manner; whence refult Bodiesof

Veffels thereof, at the fame time that it affects the Eye of this or that Form; dirtinguifh'd by thisor thatName.Thefe

and Ear. For the fame Reafon it is, as Mr. Derbam ob- Elementary or Component Particles of Bodies muft be

ferves, that a favoury Thing feen or fmelt, affects the Glands and Parts of the Mouth : If a Thing heard be pleafing, it affects the Mufcles of the Face with Laughter ; if melan- choly, it exerts it fclf on the Glands of the Eyes, and occafions Weeping, Sic. And to the fame Caufe Dr. Willis afcribes the Pleafure of Kijjing.

BOAT, a little floating Veffel, for the Navigation of Rivers, Lakes, tie. The Boat acquires various Names, according to its vatious Structure, and the various Ufes it is appointed for, and the Places where it is to be ufed. The feveral Boats, and their Names, are,

?- <1

A "Jolly Boat, A Long Beat, A Skijfe, A Pinnace, A Water Boat A Taitl,

A Gondola, A Greenland Boat, A Bermudas Boat, A Ballon of Siam, A Horfe Boat, A Pcriaga, APleaJhrc-Boar, A ponton.

A Canoe, A Crucklc, A Currycurry, A 'Deal-Hooker, A Felucca, A Ferry-Boat.

A Praix, A Flying Praw, A Punt, A Tilt-Boat, A Tod-Boat, A Well-Boat, A Wherry.

De Chales propofes the Conftruction of a "Boat, which,

finitely hard ; vartly harder than the Bodies compounded of 'em ; nay, fo hard as never to wear, or break in pieces. " This Sir Ifaac Newton obferves to be neceffary, in order " to the World's perfifting in the fame State, and Bodies " continuing of the fame Nature and Texture in feveral " Ages. For fhould the Component Particles break or " wear, the Nature and Frame of Things depending on " them, would be chang'd. Water and Earth compofed of " old worn Particles, and Fragments of Particles, would not " be of the fame Nature and Texture now with Water and " Earth compofed of Entire Particles in the beginning : <( And therefore, that Nature may be lafting, the Changes " of Bodies are to be placed only in the various Separations, " and new Affociations and Motions of thefe permanent " Particles. Bodies don't break in the midft of folid Par- " tides, but in the joinings of thofe "Particles, which only " touch in a few Points. Thefe Particles have not only " a Vis Inertia', accompany'd with fuch paffive Laws of " Motion as naturally refult from that Force ; but like- " wife with certain active Principles, fuch as that, v. g. of " Gravity, (See Gravity.) And that which occafions " Fermentation and the Cohefion of Bodies. SeeFERMEN- " tation and Cohesion. For the reft, Bodies being on- .*■ ly particular Affociations or Syftems of primitive Parti- " cles of Matter, have the fame Properties, and follow the " fame Laws with Matter." See Matter ; fee alfo Par- ticles.

The Exigence of Bodies, or of external ObjeSs, is a

what Burden foevcr it bear, lhall not only fail againft the Cur- Thing not to be demonfttated in any Manner whatever.

The