Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/255

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after Communion, the Mitre put on his Head : Each Cere- mony being accompanied with proper Prayers, &c. the Pro cefs ends with Te Deum.
 * PaJloral Staffs Ring, and Gofpcl, ate then given him ; and,

In England) the King being certify'd of the Death of a Bijbop by the Dean and Chapter, and his Leave requeued, to elect another, the Conge d*J5Ure is Tent to 'em, nomina- ting the Perfon he would have chofen. The Election is to be within 20 Days after the Receipt of the Conge d'Elire ; and the Chapter, in cafe of refuting the Perfon named by the King, incurs a 'Prgmunire. After Election, and its being accepted of by the Bijbop, the King grants a Man- date under the Great Seal for Confirmation; which the Archbifljop configns to the Vicar-General ; confifting, moil- ly, in a iolemn Citation of fuch as have any Objections to the Bijbop Elect, a Declaration of their Contumacy in not appearing, and an Adminiftration of the Oaths of Su- premacy, andfcanonical Obedience. Sentence being read by the Vicar- General, the Confirmation concludes with a Treat : Then follows the Confecration, by the Archbijbop and two Amftant Bijbops. The Ceremony is the fame as in the Romijb Church, fave that, having put on the Epifco- pal Robes, the Archbijbop and Bijbops lay their Hands on his Head, and Cbnfecrate him with a certain Form of Words. After Communion they go to a Banquet.

The Translation of a Bijbop to another Bijboprick, only differs in this, that there is no Confecration. Note, A Bi- Jbop differs from an Archbijbop in this, that an Archbijbop with Bijbops coniecrate a Bijbop, as a Bijbop with Priefts ordain a c Priefl ; that the Archbijbop vifits a Province, as the Bijbop a Diocefe ; that the Archhifljop convocatcs a Provincial Synod, as the Bijbop a Diocefan one ; and that the Archbijbop has Canonical Authority over all the Si- jbops of his Province, as the Bijbop over the Priefts in his Diocefe.

Bishop's-Court, an Ecclefiajlical Court held in the Ca- thedral of each Diocefe ; the Judge whereof is the Bifbop*S Chancellor, anticntly call'd Ecclejiafiicus, and Ecclefice Cau- Jidicus, the Church -Lawyer ; who judges by the Civil and Canon Law ; and, if the Diocefe be large, has his Com- miflaries in remote Parts, who hold what they call Confifto- ry Courts, for Matters limited to him by his Commiffion.

BISMUTH, a Mineral Body, half Metallick; compos'd of the firft Matter of Tin, while yet imperfect ; and found in Tin Mines. Its Subftance is hard, heavy, lharp, and brittle, of a large Grain, polifh'd, white, and fhining. 'Tis alfo call'd Tin ofGlafs; becaufe, when broke, it /hews a vafi Number of little polifhM Subfiances like Glafs : 'Tis alfo call'd Marchafite, by way of Excellence, becaufe fur- paffing all others in Whitenefs and Beauty. It contains an Arfenical Salt, very dangerous to take inwardly. Its Preci- pitate is a very white Magiftery, which is mix'd with Wa- ters and Pomatums to make a Fucus to beautify the Com- plexion, and preferve the Skin. There are alfo Flowers prepar'd from it, which take away Spots in the Face; whence 'tis otherwifc call'd Blanc de Terle. See the Pro- cefs in Charras.

Alonfo Barba fays, there has been lately found a Mine of Bifmuth in Bohemia -, and ranks it among the Metals : But BiJhiUtb is properly the Regulus of the Stone call'd Co- balt; whence is pregar d Arjenick, Lapis Lazuli, and Bif- Viuth. M. Stabl, a German Phyfician, gives us its Preparation. There is alfo an Artificial Bifmuth, which is that ordi- narily ufed, made by reducing Tin into thin Laming, or Plates, and cementing them by a Mixture of white 'Tartar, Salt-Tetre, and Arfenick, {(ratified in a Crucible over a naked Fire. The fame is alfo made of a Stone call'd 7iin, ufing Lead inftead of Tin, and a little Calamine Stone.

BISQUET, a Confectioner's Preparation of fine Flower, Eggs, and Sugar, with Annifeeds and Citron Peel, baked in the Oven in Tin or Paper Moulds.

Sea-Bis^uet, a Bread much dried, by paffing the Oven twice, to make it keep : For long Voyages they bake it four times, and prepare it fix Months before the Embark - ment. The Word comes from the Latin bis, and the French cuit, q. d. twice baked.

BISSECTION, in Geometry, the Divifion of any Quanti- ty into two equal Parts ; the lame with Bipartition ; Thus, to biffbft any Line, is to divide it into rwo equal Parts.

BISSEXTILE, or Leap-Tear, in Chronology, a Year confifting of %66 Days, happening once each four Years, by reafon of the Addition of a Day in the Month of February, to recover the fix Hours which the Sun fpends in his Courfe each Year, beyond the 365 Days, ordinarily allow'd for it. The Day thus added, is alfo call'd Bijfextile ; Ceefar ha- ving appointed it to be the next after the 25th of March, which among them was the 7 th of the Calends of April- Thus the tfth of the Calends of March is this Year reckon'd twice over ; whence the Intercalary Day, and the Tear when it happens, are both calUd by the Name Bijfextile.

However, the Aftronomers concern'd in reforming the Calendar) by Order of Pope Gregory XIII. obferving that

the Bijfextile in four Years added 40 Minutes more thai* the Sun fpent in returning to the fame Point of the Zodiack t and computing that thefe fupernumerary Minutes in 133 Years wou'd form a Day ; to prevent any Changes be- ing thus infenilbly introdue'd in the Seafons, 'twas appoin- ted, that in the Courfe of 400 Years, there ftiou'd be three Bijfextiles retrenched: Accordingly, in the Year 1700, there was no Bijfextile, for that reaion. By the Statute de Anno Bijfextili, 21. Hen. III. To prevent' Mi fun der find- ings, the Intercalary Day, and that next before it, are to be accounted as one Day. See Year.

BISTER, or Bistre, among Painters, a Colour made of Chimney-Soot boil'd, and afterwards diluted with Wa- ter, ferving to walh their Defigns. Inftead of this fome ufe the Strokes of a Pen, fome Indian Ink, others a black Stone, i$c..

BIT, an efTential Part of a Bridle; its Form and Ufe well known; its Parts and Kinds various.

For the feveral Parts of a Bit, thole of a Shoffie or Curb- Bit, are, the Mouth-'Piece, the Cheeks and Eyes, Guard of the Cheek, Head of the Cheeks, the 'Port, the Welts, the Campanel or Curb and Hook, the Bops, the Boljlers and Rabbets, the Water-Chains, the Side-Bolts, Bolts and Rings, Kirhles of the Bit or Curb, Trench, Top-roll, Flap and feive.

The Kinds of Bits are, 1. The Mufroll, Snaffle, or Wa- tering Bit. 2. The Cannon Mouth. 3. r \\^,Cannon with a fait Mouth all of a Piece, only knee'd in the middle, ta form a Liberty or Space for the Tongue. 4. The Cannon Mouth, with the Liberty in form of a Pigeon's Neck. 5. The Cannon with a Port Mouth and an Upfer, or mounting Liberty. 6. The Scotch Mouth with an Upfet. 7. The Cannon Mouth with a Liberty, after M. TignateVs manner. 8. The Mafiicadour, or Slavering Bit. 9. The Cats Foot Bit. 10. The Bajionet Bit, Sec

BITE of a mad Dog. See Hydrophobia. Bite of a Viper. See Viper. Bite of a Tarantula. See Tarantula. BITTERNESS, a particular Savour or Scnfation, fup- pos'd to refult from this, that all the Particles of the bitter Body are broken, blunted, and diminilVd, lb as none of 'em remain long and rigid; which is confirm 'd from this, that Foods burnt, and their Particles much comminuted and broken by rhe Fire, become bitter.

BITUMEN, an inflammable Matter, fat and unctuous. Naturalifts diftinguifh three Kinds of Bitumens, hard, fort, and liquid or oily ; and each of thefe they fubdivide into feveral others. Among the hard Bitumens are rank'd yel- low Amber, (fome add Ambergreefe ) Jet, Afphaltum or Bitumen of Judea, < Pifafphaltum, ^Pit-Coal, Black-Stone, and Sulphurs. The foft are, Maltha, Bitumen of Colao, of Sirnam, and Copal. Laftly, The l$aphta of Italy, and (Petroleum, are rank'd among the liquid Bitumens.

Of thefe Bitumens fome arefoml, others are found float- ing on the Surface of certain Lakes, and others fpring from, the Earth like Fountains. Some Bitumens are fo hard, that they are ufed in Forges, inftead of Coals ; others fo glutinous, that they ferve inftead of Cement, or Mortar in Buildings; of which kind it was, that the famous Walls of Babylon were built: and others fo liquid, rhat they are burnt in Lamps inftead of Oil. The Bitumen in moll Ef- teem is that of Jtudca. See Asphaltum ; and the other Bitumens under their proper Heads. Strabo derives the Word from ni/}a, Pitch.

BIVALVE, a Term ufed by the Writers of Natural Hif- tory, for fuch Shcll-Fifti as have two Shells, as Cockles, Mu'fcles, Oifters, &c. which are faid to he of the Bivalvc- kind-j and alfo for the Siliqua, or Seed-Pods of fuch Plants as open all their whole Length to difchargc their Seeds; fuch as Peafe, Beans, %3c. for thofe the Botanifts fay have a Bivalve Siliqua.

BI VENTER, in Anatomy, the fixth Mufcle of the Jaw, and laft of thofe ferving to open it: 'Tis call'd Bhenter, or Digajlricus, as having two Bellies for its two Extremi- ties, and a Tendon in the middle. It takes its Origin from a Sciffure between the Occipital Bone and the Majloidal Apophifes, whence paffing its Tendon thro a Hole in the Stylohyoideus and an Annular Ligament of the Os Hyoides, there arife fome Fibres which join its fecond Belly; whence going flefhy, and returning upwards, it is inferted into the middle of the inferiour Part of the lower Jaw. By this Contrivance it is enabled to draw the Jaw downwards. BLACK, fomething opake and porous, that imbibes all the Light falling on it, reflects none, and therefore exhi- bits no Colour. See Blackness. There are various Kinds of Blacks which pafs in Commerce, viz. Dyers 'Black, Ger~ man Black, Ivory Black, Spanijb Black, Lamp-Black, &c.

Dyers Black, is one of the five Simple and Mother Co- lours ufed mDying. 'Tis made differently, according to the different Quality and Value of the Stuffs to be dyed. For Broad-Cloths, fine Ratines, and Druggets, gg& they ufe Paf- tel. or Woad, and Indigo ; the Goodnefs of the Colour con- Ee fifti