Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/238

 BAS ( 88 ) B A S

rough-Safe to be a Part of the modern Mufick ; Grit in- vented in itfoo, by an Italian, call'd Ludovico Viadana; 'Tis play'd by Cyphers mark'd over the Notes, on the Or- van, Spmette, Harpfichord, theorbo, Harp, &c. and fre-

BARRY-BENDY,is when an Elcutcheon ~ Bent iy limply, and without Cyphers, on the Bafs-Viol,

divided evenly both Bar and Bend-ways, <y a *, B; & c.

cified: But if the Divifions be odd, then the Field mutt be firft named, and the Number of Bars expreffed.

Baffon, _

Safe of a triangle ; any one Side thereof is occafionally fo call'd, tho properly 'tis the loweft Side, or that which lies parallel to the Horizon. Indeed, in a reUangled 'tri- angle, the Safe is properly that Side oppofite to the right Angle, i. e. the Hypothemfe. The Safe of a filid Figure is its loweft Side, or that whereon it ttands : Safe of a Co- nick Section is a right Line in the Hyperbola and 'Para- bola made by tho common Interaction of the fecant "Plane, and' 'the Safe of the Cone.

BASE-COURT, in Law, is any Court that is not of Record. See Court.

BASE-FEE, or Safe-Eftate, in Law, is a Bale-Tenure, or Tenure at the Will of the Lord. See Fee.

BASE-POINT, in Heraldry. See Efcutcheou.

BASE-RING of a Cannon, is the great Ring next be- hind the Touch-hole.

BASE-TENURE, is holding by Villanage, or other cul- tomary Service ; as diflinguifh'd from the higher Tenure in capite, or by military Service. See Tenure.

BASIL, among Joiners, (So. the Angle to which the Edge of an Iron Tool is ground. To work on foft Wood they ufually make xheitSafil 12 Degrees, for hard Wood 18; it being obferv'd, that the more acute or thin the Safil is, the better and fmoother it cuts ; and the more obtufe, the ftronger and fitter for Service.

Safil, a Monaftick Order. The Order of St. Safil is the mod antient of all the religious Orders ; it takes its Name from St. Safil, Bifhop of Cefarea, in Cappadocia, who was the Author of the Rule obferv'd by this Order. The Or- der of St. Safil was antiently very famous in the Eaft.

BASILARE OS. See Sphanoides Os.

BASILIC, or Bajilica, in Architecture, from the Greek fauttUm, royal Houfe, or 'Palace ; a Term antiently ufed for a large Hall, or publick Place, with Iiles, Porticos, Galle- ries, Sic. where the Princes adminifter'd Juftice in Perfon ; But the Word has been fince transfer'd to fignify any great Church, Court of Juftice, or Exchange. Jzor is of opi- nion, that Safilics were formerly fuch Churches as were not confecrated : But Saronius feems to have more Rea- fon, when he fays the Term was applied to the moil magni- ficent Churches ; fuch, which by their Grandeur as far fur- as Princes Palaces do private Houfes, Bafilic of St. 'Peter, tor the Church 'perrault fays, that Safilics dif- „ fer'd from Temples, in that the Columns of Temples were Foot of the Column; or, as fome will have it, tis that .to without. fid 2d thofe of Safilics within. There were a Column which a Shoe is ,0 a Man. The Members or Or- forme > r linAs o{ C hurcbes\ t Rome, viz. ■Patriarchal,

naments whereof it is compofed, are fuppofed by others to x a)iaconial, and Oratorial; whereof the firft were

have been originally .mended to reprcfent the Iron Crc es ^XparticuLhl call'd Safilics. See Church and Temple.

thus, Barry-Bendy, Or, and Sable.

BARRY-PILY, is when a Coat is thus divided, and it is to be blazon'd Sarry-'Pily of eight Pieces.

BARTER, in Commerce, fignifies to truck, or exchange one Commodity for another. The Word comes from the Spanifh Saratar, to deceive or cheat in bargaining ; per- haps, becaufe thofe who deal this way, ufually endeavour to over-reach one another. (

BARTON, in T>evonfbire, and the Weft of England, is ufed for the Demefne Lands of a Mannor, for the Mannor- Houfe, and in fome Places for Out-Houfes, Fold- Yards, S£c.

BASALTES, a kind of Stone, or Marble, defcribed by the antient Naturalifts as of the Hardnefs and Colour of Iron. The largeft Block of it that was ever feen, 'Pliny fays, was placed by Vefpafian in the Temple of 'Peace : In it were reprcfented iff Children playing on the Banks of the Nile. He adds, that the Statue of Memnon, in the Temple of Serapis, at Thebes, which neighed at the Ri- ling of the Sun, was made of this Stone. Moft of the an- tique Egyptian Figures remaining, are apparently of this Stone. Some of theAntients call it Lapis Lydius, from Ly- dia, the Place where it was found in moft abundance ; and the Moderns, the Touch-ftone, as being ufed to examine Gold and Silver. It was hard, heavy, clofe, black, and re- fitted the File ; and had its Name from Safil, Iron, or /WtAi£>, diligenter examine-. Dalechampius fays, there are Stones of the fame kind near Gaitlon in Nvrmandy ; others are brought from Ethiopia and Germany.

BASE, in Architecture, from the Greek (Saint, Refi, or Support, is ufed to fignify any Body which bears another ; but particularly for the lower Parts of a Column and a Pe- deftal. The Safe is fometimes alfo call'd Spira, from Spire, the Fo'ds of a Serpent kid at Reft, which make a Figure not unlike it.

wherewith the Feet of Trees and Polls which fupported the antient Houfes were girt, in order to ftrengthen them. The Safe is different in the different Orders.

The Tufcan Safe is the moft fimple of all the Orders ; confifting only of a fingle Tore befides the Plinth.

The Dorick Safe has an Aftragal more than the Tufcan ; tho that was introduced by the Moderns.

The lonick Safe has a large Tore over two (lender Sco- tias, feparatcd by two dftragals; tho in the moft antient Monuments of this Order there are no Safes at all 5 which the Architects are at a lofs to account for.

The Corinthian Safe has two Tores, twoScotias, and two Jftragals.

The Compofite has znjftragal lefs than the Corinthia

BASILICA, in Anatomy, the Name of a Vein, call'd alfo Hepatica ; arifing from the Axillary Branch, and run- ning the whole Length of the Arm. It divides it felf into two 5 the one whereof runs down the Radius, the other down the Ulna ; the little Branches whereof extend to the Fingers. There are two Veins of this Name ; the one whereof is call'd the fnperficial, or fubcutaneous ; the other, the deeper or inner Safilica.

BASILICON, in Pharmacy, is an Unguent fo call'd, compos'd of Rofin, Wax, Pitch, and Oil } which the Sur- geons ufe for a Suppurative.

BASILICS, a Collection of the Roman Laws, tranflated

hich were of

into Greek by the Order of Safilius and Leo, Force in the Eaflem Empire till its Diflolution. They TheJtnck Safe, To call d becaufe firft ufed by thejthe- ehended & to/tiH&,2H&fa Code, and Novels, anA

mans, has two Tom and a Scotia, and is very proper for ^ Bms rf j^ ^ JJg Emperors. The Col- Imckjind Compofite Columns. ^ . „., , ledion confided of «5o Books; for which reafon it was call'd

Safe, or Bafts, in Fortification, is the external Side of

'E.%YW,or}ct@i&\@-. It is fuppofed to be the Work of the Em-

the 2*£g*»£ or, the imaginary Line which is drawn from - ^ ^ Philofoph ^ who gave it the Name of his

°PP° e father Safil. Of the 60 Books, there are now remaining

the flank 1 4 Angle of a Sajtion, to that which is thereto.

Safe of a Figure, in Geometry, is the lowefl Part of its 'Perimeter.

Safe, in Mufick, that Part of a Confort which is the moft heard, which confifts of the graved, deepeft and long- eft Sounds 5 or, which is play'd on the largeft Pipe;

41; the remaining 19 are, in fome meafure, fupplied from the Synoffis Bafilicaii, &c.

Safilics were Officers in the Grecian Empire, who carried the Emperor's Orders. The Word isderiv'd from g&<rihiK®; regal.

BASILICUS, or Cor Leonis, is a fix'd Star of the firft , in the Gonftellation Leo. Its Longitude, Lati- fee among thofe of the other Stars in the Conftel-

hold the Safe the principal Part of a Confort, and the ''"pjsn Foundation of the Compofition: tho fome will have the Treble the chief Part ; which others only make a Circum

fiance, orOrnament. Counter-Safe, is afecondSafc, where there are feveral in the fame Confort. Thorough Safe, is the Harmony made by Safs-Viols, or Theorbos, continuing to play, both while the Voices fing, and the other Inflru- menrs perform their Part; and alfo filling the Intervals when any of thofe flop. M. Broffard, obferves the Tho-

BASILIDIANS, were Herericks, the Followers of Sa- filides, who lived near the Beginning of the fecond Centu- ry : H« was educated in the Gnofiick School over which Simon Magus prefided ; with whom he agreed, that Chriji was only a Man in Appearance, that his Body was a Phan- tom, and, that he gave his Form to Simon the Cyrenian, who was crucified in his Stead. He allow'd his Difciples to renounce the Faith to avoid Martyrdom : becaufe, fays he,

fern