Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/219

AUR AVOCATORIA, a Mandate of the Emperor of Germany, directed to some Prince or Subject of the Empire, to stop his unlawful Proceedings in any cause brought by way of Appeal before him. See Emperor and Empire.

AVOIDANCE, in Law, has two Significations: The one, when a Benefice becomes void of an incumbent; the other when we say in Pleadings in Chancery, confessed or avoided, traversed or denied, &c. See Voidance.

AVOIRDUPOIS, or Averdupois Weight a kind of Weight used in England'., the Pound whereof contains fifteen Ounces. See Weight.

The Proportion of a Pound Avoirdupois to a Pound Troy, is as 17 to 14. See Troy, Pound, and Ounce.

All the larger and coarser Commodities are weigh'd by Avoirdupois Weighty as Groceries, Cheek, Wool, Lead, Hops, &c. Bakers who live not in Corporation Towns, are to make their Bread by Avoirdupois Weight; those in Corporations by Troy Weight.—The Apothecaries buy their Drugs by Averdupois, but sell their Medicines by Troy.

AVOWEE, Advocatus. See Advouee and Advocate.

The Avowee is he to whom the Right of Advowson of any Church belongs, so that he may prelent thereto in his own Name: be is thus called by way of Distinction from those who sometimes prelent in another Man's Name, as a Guardian that presents in the Name of his Ward; as also from those who only have the Lands whereto an Advowson belongs for Term of Life, or Years, by Intrusion, or Disseisin.

AUPISALLER, a French Phrase, sometimes used among En- glish Writers, signifying, at the worst.

AURA, an airy Exhalation, or Vapour. See Vapour and Exhalation.

The Word is Latin, deriv'd from the Greek, gentle wind.

AUREA Akxandr'ma, in Pharmacy, a kind of Opiate or An- tidote, in great Fame among the antient Writers. See Anti- dote.

It is calied Aurea, from the Gold which enters its Composition; and Alexandrina, as having been first invented by a Physician named Alexander. — It is reputed a good Preservarive against the Colick and Apoplexy.

AURELIA, a Term used by natural Historians for the first apparent Change of the Eruca, or Maggot of any Species of Insect. See Insect.

Aurelia is the same with what other Writers call Nympha. See Nympha.

AUREOLA, the Crown of Glory given by Painters and Staruaries to Saints, Martyrs, and Confeflbrs; as a Mark of the Victory which they have obtain'd. See Crown.

F. Sirmond fays, the Custom hereof was borrow'd from the Heathens, who us'd to encompass the Heads of their Deities with such Rays.

The Word Aureola, in its Original, signified a Jewel which was propos'd as the Prize of a Dispute; and was given as the Reward of Victory.

Among the Romish School-Divines, Aureola is supposed to be a special Reward bestow'd on Martyrs, Virgins, Doctors, and other Saints, on account of their Works of Supererogation.

AURICHALCUM, is a factitious Metal, popularly call'd Brass. See Brass.

The Aurichalum is a Mixture of Copper and Calamine-stone melted together by a very vehement Fire, in Furnaces made on purpose. Sec Copper and Calaminaris.

AURICLE, Auricula, in Anatomy, the external Ear; or that Part of the Ear which is prominent from the Head. See Head.

The Word is a diminutive of Auris, Ear; q. d. little Ear.

For the Structure and Variety in the Auricle with the several parts thereof, their Navies, &c. see Ear.

Auricle is also applied to two Appendages of the Heart; being two muscular Caps, covering the two Ventricles thereof. See Ventircle.

They move regularly like the Heart; only in an inverted Or- der,- their Systole corresponding to the Diastole of the Heart and Vice Versa See further of their Structure and Office under the Article Heart. See also Systole and Diastole, &c.

AURICULA Judæ, or Jew's Ear, a kind of Fungus or Mulhroom, refembling in Figure, a human Ear. See Fungus and Mushroom.

It grows on old Elder Trees, which is the Tree whereon, m pretended, Judas hang'd himself; which has given occasion to the Name.

This Fungus steep'd in Water, and applied to the Eyes, frees them of Inflammations : 'Tis also used Gargle-wise in Decoctions against Inflammations of the Throat, or swelling of the Tonsils.

AURICULAR, Auricularis, something known or learnt only by the Ears. See Ear.

Thus we say, an Auricular Witness, Auritus Tesits, a Witness by hearsay. See Witness, Evidence, Testimony, &c.

Auricular Confesson, See Confession.

The little Finger is also call'd Auricularis, because used in cleanling the Ear. See Finger.

AURIGA, in Astronomy, the Waggoner; a Constellation of fixed Stars in the Northern Hemisphere. See Star and Constellation.

The Stars in the Constellation Auriga, in Ptolomy's Catalogue are 14; in Tycho's 23; in the Britannia Catalogue 68; the Longitudes, Latitudes, Magnitudes, &c. are as follow.

Stars in the Cancellation Auriga.

Nehtlof* againft the H.ps£ Middle.

Northern ones in thefime I „f S

^ Subieq.

North of three in the Loins

20

Subfeq. in the Hip

Bright one in the South Foot In the Fore-thigh Ih the Fore-knee

2j"

Inform. al.Tauri n 6th In the Neck

Prseced. in the Hind-Arm.

30 North in the Head In the Hind-thigh

Subfeq. in the Hind-Arm South of two in the Head Brighter one in the Hind-fboulder

IS

A leller one contiguous to that

In the Wrift of the Hinder-Hand

Inform, following the Eaftern Arm

Inform, under the Hind-Knee 4.f

Al. Of Gemini aid

Al. Of Gemini lfth Of Gemini 27 th

Inform, behind Auriga towards Ge- mini, and the hither Feec oi' Ufa Maior

16 49 17 10 13 20 6 16 53 03 10 35 44 7 17 07 13 10 48 09 7 17 15 18 10 46 03 6 18 10 58 18 34 24 6

18 26 49 14 07 31 5 17 36 57 5 43 03 7 18 13 56 5 21 34 2 18 53 40 11 10 50 5 19 50 21 8 50 44 5 21 02 46 7 05 27 6 21 06 07 ? 29 23 4 5 23 09 56 26 22 40 6 23 26 40 16 04 34 7 23 30 15 15 43 40  6

24 50 04 32 13 30 5 6 23 50 36 13 50 33 6 23 57 35 15 41 06 25 36 22 30 49 00 4 25 35 32 21 28 20 2

25 40 12 22 27 52 6 25 52 25 24 25 20 6 25 36 42 13 44 19 3 4 26 19 09 19 31 48 7 26 40 07 19 31 14 6 7

27 00 04 15 00 59 6 27 48 43 25 15 32 6 28 59 02 22 59 32 6 29 06 51 22 56 34 6 29 02 42 6 04 47 4 5

29 27 23 30 03 05 6 0 12 40 25 54 20 5 1 17 52 23 20 54 6 1 52 18 7 09 30 6 3 27 46 4 46 30 5 6

3 20 23 19 16 34 5 6 3 26 45 16 10 35 5 6 3 26 27 16 40 44 5 4 06 16 5 47 05 6 4 24 39 5 04 50 6

3 55 02 21 21 22 5 4 22 35 25 40 10 6 4 40 47 20 27 01  5 5 38 35 18 45 08 4 5 6 21 56 15 52 47 6

6 26 15 15 28 07 6 6 35 28 15 31 22 7 6 37 03  22 09 30 4 5 7 40 23 15 11 33 6 7 10 03 39 16  43 40 4 5

11 06 34 18 26 35 5 12 30 02 14 28 11 5 12 20 53 18 24 21 5