Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/218

 AUG

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AVI

the Air; Hydromancy, or Augury by the Water; and Geoman- cy, or Augury by the Earth. See Aeromancy, Pyromancy,

The particular Branches are, Alecloromancy, Anthropomancy, Belomanq, Catoptromancy, Capnomavcy, Gafiromancy, Geomancy, Arujpkina, Libanomancy, Lecanomancy, Necromancy, &cc. See each defcribed under its proper Article.

Cicero, who was one of the College, wonders how two Au- gurs could meet without laughing at each other; by which it ap- pears what Opinion he had of the Art. — And yet no ASair of Moment could be reiblv'd on without firft confulting them ; and ther Advice, be it what it would, was, by a Decree of the Se- nate, enjoin'd to be exactly and religioufly performed.

AUGUST, Augustus, fome thing majeftick, venerable, fa- cred. See Majesty, &e.

The Title Augufius was firft given by the Roman Senate to Oclavius, after his being confirmed by them in the Sovereign Power. — It was conceived as expreffing fomcching divine, or e- levated above the Pitch of Mankind ; being form'd of the Verb augeo, Igrow, Increafe; tawjtum fuprakumanam fardem aiiiftus.

The Succeflbrs of Augufius alfmned the fame Quality; fo that thence-forward Emperor and Augufius were the fame thing; They became fynonimous Terms, See Emperor.

The prefumptive Heir of the Empire, or he who was de- fined to fucceed to the Dignity, was firft created C<efar; which was a ftep necf-lfary to arrive at that of Augufius or Emperor. — Yet F Pagi maintains the Converfe; viz. that it was neceflTary - to be Augufius, previoufly to the being Gajar. See Caesar.

M. Flechier obferves, that the Emperor Valmtiman proclaim- ed his Brother Valens, Augujhtf, without firft declaring him Ca- far; which had never been practiced before.— 'Tis added, that Marcus Aurelius, upon his fucceeding to Antoninus, immediately created L. Verus, both O/ir and Augufius. This was the firft time the Romans had known two Augvfil at once; for which reaion the Year when it was done, viz, 161, was mark'd in the Fafii with the Confulate of the two Augufii.

It was a furprizing Spectacle to the People of Rome to fee themfcives governed by two Sovereigns, after fo much Blood fpilt for the Choice of a lingle Matter.

The Emprefles alio took the Quality of Augufia ; and even fome Ladies of the Imperial Family, who had never been Wives of Emperors.

On Medals and Coins, fome of the anrient Kings of France are alfo found with the Appellation Augufti; particularly ChiUe- bert,Chthaire, andC/ovis: add that theWifeof thislaft, Chrototo- childa, is alfo calPd; by Heric, in his Book of the Miracles of St. Germain, indifferently, either Augufia, or Queen.

The Hifioria Augusta, is the Hiftory of the Roman Empe- rors from the time of Adrian to Carinus, compofed by fix Latin Writers.

AUGUSTALIA, in Antiquity, a Feaft inftituted in Honour of the Emperor Augufius. See Feast.

This Feftival was firft eftablilhed after he had ended all his Wars* and fettled the Affairs of Sicily, Greece, Afia, Syria, and the Par- isians. — The Day whereon he made his Entry into Rome, was appointed to be kept a Feaft; and was called Augufialis. See Augusta lis.

Augustalia was alfo a Name given to the Games cele- brated in Honour of the fame Prince, on the 4th of the Ides of Ociokr. Sec Game. See alfo Augustalis.

AUGUSTA LIS, in Antiquity, a Name given by theRomaas i°. to thole who led the firft Ranks of an Army; 2. to cer- tain Magiftrates in Cities ; 3. to all the Officers of the Empe- ror's Palace.

The Governor or Prefect of Egypt is particularly called Au- gufialis, or Pnsfedus Augufialis ; as being firft cftablifhed by Au- gufius, after the Defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra, He re- flded at Alexandria.

Augustalis was alfo a Prieft or Pontiff, invefted' with the Di- rection and Superintendency of the Games perform'd in Honour of Augufius. See Game, Pontiff, &c.

The Augufialcs were inftituted by Tiberius, immediately after Augufius\ Death ; as is obferv'd by Tacitus, who affures us they were Priefts.— Several Cities had fix of thefe Augufiales j whence they were call'd, Seviri Augufiales.

AUGUSTAN Conf.'Jfion, was a Confeffion of Faith, made by the the antient Reformers at Augufia, or Augsburg, in Ger- many. See Confession, Reformation, Pr.otestant 3 Lu- theranism, $>c.

August, in Chronology. Sec Month.

AUGUSTINS, an Order of Religious; thus called from St. Augufiin, whofe Rule they obferve. See Order and Reli- gious.

The Augufiin's, popularly alfo called Aufiin Fryars, were origi- nally Hermits, whom Pope Alexander IV. firft congregated into one Body, under their General La?franc, in 1256. See Her- mit.

The Auguf.'ms are cloth'd in Black, and make one of the four Orders of Mendicants. See Mendicant.

From theiearofea Reform, under the Denomination of Bare- foot Augufims, or Minorites, or Fryars Minor. See Minor and Minority.

There are alfo Canons Regular of Sr. Augufiin, who are clothed in white, excepting their Ccpe, which is black.— At Pa- ris they are known under the Denomination of, Religious of Ge- nevieve; that Abby being the Chief of the Order. See Gene- vieve.

There are alfo Augufiines, or Nuns, who obferve the Rule of St. Augufiin. See Religious and Nun.

The Augustin Q&Janfmius is a celebrated Treatife of that Au- thor, Bifhop of Tpres, entitled, CornelH Janfevii Epifcopi Iprenfs, Augufiinus; the firft Tome whereof contains a Difcourfeagainft Pelagianifi/j ; and the fecond divers Treatifes of Reafon; the ufe of Authority in Theological Matters; the Stateof Jnr.ocence; fall of Nature by Sin, Grace, &c.— From thefe feveral Treatifes were collected the five famous Propositions, enumerated under the Article Jansenism.

AU-GUY-PAN-N£UF,or Aguillanneuf. See Misle- To and Viscus.

AVIGNON -Berry, call'd alfo, French Berry, is the Fruit of a Shrub, by fome Authors call'd tlitttn; growing plentifully near Avignon, &c. in France. See B>:rry.

The Berry is fomewfiat his than a Pea; its Colour Green, approaching towards a Yellow ; of an aftriagent and bitter Tafte. —It is much ufed by the Dyers who Itain a yellow Colour with it; and by the Painters, who make a fine golden Yellow of it. See Yellow.

AULA, in our antient Law-Books, fignifies a Court Baron. — Aula ibidem tenia quarto die Augufi, Sec. See BARON.

Aula Ecclefitf is what we now call Navis Eiclcfia. See Nave.

AULIC, Aulica, an Adt which a young Divine maintains in lome foreign Univeriities, upon the Admilfion of a new Do- ctor of Diviuity. See Act.

It is fo called from the Latin, Aula, a Hall ; it being in the Hall of the Univerfuy that this Act is ufually held. Sec Uni- versity, Degree, Doctor, &c.

The Perfon who pretides at the Difputadon is the lame, that is, to take the Doctor's Cap.

Aulic, Aulicus, is alfo a Name attributed to certain Offi- cers of the Emperor, who compofe a iuperior Court or Coun- cil, which has an universal Jurildiction, and without Appeal, fl- yer all the Subjeits of the Empire, in all Proceilts enteVd there- in. See Empeeor and Empire.

We fay Aulk Council, the Aulic Court or Chamber, Aulic Councellor, &c.

The Aulic Council is cftablifhed by the Emperor, who nomi- nates the Officers; but the Elector of Mentx. has a right of vt- fiting it.— It is composed of a Prefident, who is a Catholick; a Vice- Chancellor, prefented by the Elector of Mentz, and of eighteen Affeffors, or Counfellors, nine whereof are Ptoteftants, and nine Romanifts. See Assessor.

They are divided into two Benches, one whereof is taken up by Nobles, and the other by Lawyers— They hold their A trembly in the Prefence of the Emperor; and for that reafon are called Juftjttwm hnperatons, the Emperor's Jufike; and Aulic Council, becaufe theirs follows the Emperor's Court, Aula,zndhzs its Refidence in the Place where he is —This Court clafh.es a little with the Imperial Chamber of Spires.'-, in that they are pre- ventive of each other: It not being allowed to remove any Caufe from the one to the other. See Imperial Chamber.

Nor can the Emperor himfelf hinder or fufpend the Decifions of either Court; much leis call any Caufe before himfelf which has once been before them ; without the Content of the States of the Empire. Yet, in fome Cafes the fame Council forbears making any peremptory Condufion without the Emperor's Par- ticipation; and only Decrees thus, flat Votum ad Cafafem\ that is, make a Report hereof to the Emperor in his Privy-Council.

AULNEGER, or Alnager. See Alnager

AUMONE, or Alms. See Alms.

Tenure in Aumone, is where Lands are given to a Religious Houfe, or Church, that fome Service may be faid for the good of the Donor's Soul. See Tenure.

AUMONIER, or Almoner. See Almoner.

AUNC1F.NT Demam. See Antient Demam.

AVIARY, a Houfe or Apartment for the keeping, feeding and propagating of Birds. See Bird.

The Word is form'd of the Latin, Avis.

AUNCEL-migbt, ^uafi, Bandfil- Weight, is a kind of Ballance, conhfting of Scales hanging on Hooks faften'd at each End of a Beam or Staff, which a Man lifts upon his Hand or Fore-finger, and fo difcovers the Equality or Difference between the Weight and the Tiling weigh'd. See Ballance.

There being great Deceits practiced in thefe Weighrs, ther were prohibited by feveral Statutes; and the even Ballance alone commanded. See Weight and Standard.

The Word is ftill ufed in fome Parts of England, to fignify Meat fold by poifing in the Hand, without putting it into the Scales.

AVISO, an Advice, piece of Intelligence, or Advertifement ; to notify fome Event, or Matter worthy of Knowledge. See Advertisement, &e.

The Word is Italian, and is «hiefly ufed in Matters of Com- merce.

AVO-