Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/197

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The Affaffins, or Affaffinians, Affaffinii, abovementioned, pofleffed eight or twelve Cities about 'lyre : They chofe themfelves a King, whom thsy call'd the Old Man of the Mountain. In 121;, they affaffitiated Louis oi Savaria. They were Mahometan], but paid fome Tribute to the Knights- Templars.— The Favourers of thesJffaf/ins were condemned by the Council of Lyons, and under Innocent. IV. in «3?-r r TheTartars overcame them, and kill'd their old Man ot the Mountain in 1257 ; upon which the Faflion became extinfl. ASSATION, the preparing or dreffing of Medicaments, or Foods, in their own Juices, without Addition of any fo- reign Moiflure.

y>ffHtion, in refpea of culinary Matters, is more fre- quently call'd Roafiing; and in Pharmacy, Uftion or Tor- refaBion. See Dressing, Roasting, Torrefaction, S$c.

The Word is form'd of the Latin affare, to roalt. ASSAULT, in the Art of War, an Attack made upon a Camp, Fortrefs, or Poit, in otder to become Mailer thereof/ See Attack, Fortress,^.

An Affault is properly a general Attack, wherein the Affailants do not fcrcen themfelves by any Works.—

The Words are, to give m Affault to fuch a Place, to be commanded to the A/fault, to ftand an A/fault, to repulfe an Jffault, to carry by AB'alllt, &c.

While an Affault lalls, and both Parties are mix'd ; there is no ufe of Cannon on eithet Side ; for they are afraid of deftroying their own Men thereby,

A Governour is obliged to fuflain three Affaults ere he give up the Place — 'Tis very difficult Gving a Town from Pillage that is carried by Affault. See Pillage, ckc.

The Enfans perdus march firft to the Affault. See En- fans 'Perdus.

Assault, in Law, is a violent Injury offered to a Man's Perfon, of a larger Extent than Battery, for that it may be committed by only offering to give a Blow, or by a threat- ning Speech, %$c. See Battery.

To rebuke a Collector with foul Words, fo that he de- parted for Fear, without doing his Office, was adjudg'd an Affault ; and to firike a Man, tho' he be not hurt with the Blow, is reputed the fame. In Trefpafs for Affault and Battery, a Man may be found guilty of the Affault, and ex- cufed of the Battery, 25 Ed-iv. 3.

ASSAY, or Essay, or Say, in Coinage, ££?r. the Proof or Trial of the Goodnefs, Putity, Value, £&•. of Gold, Sil- ver, or other Metals. See Gold, Silver, Metal, i3c.

The Methods of Assaying, or making Assays, fee un- der the Article Essay.

Assay of Weights and Meafures, fignifies the Trial or Examination of common Weights and Meafures, ufed by the Clerk of the Market. See Weight, Measure, Stan- dard, Clerk of the Market.

ASSAYER of the King, is an Officer of the Mint, efla- blifh'd for the Affay, or due Trial of Silver and Gold. See Assay.

The Affayer is indifferently appointed by the Matter of the Mint, aiid the Merchants who bring Silver, (£c. for Ex- change. See Mint, Coin, fgc.

ASSEMBLAGE, the joining or uniting of feveral Things together ; or, the Things themfelves fo joined, or united. See Union, &c.

The Jffemblege of two Bones for Motion, is called Arti- culation. See Articulation.

The Carpinters and Joiners have various Kinds and Forms of Affemblage ; as, with Mortoifes and Tenons, with Dove-tails, &C. See Mortoise, Dove-tail, &c.

The Europeans admi.e the Carpentry of fome Indians, where the affemblage is made without either Nails or Pins, Herrera. See Carpentry, Nail, &c.

The Word Affemblage is alfo ufed in a more general Senfe, for a Collect ion of feveral Things, fo diipofed toge- ther, as that the whole has an agreeable Effect. — >'Tis with Difcourfe as with Bodies, which owe their chief Excellency to the juft Affemblage, and Proportion of their Members. — ASSEMBLY, a meeting of feveral Perfons in the fame Place, and with the fame common Defign.

The Word is form'd from the Latin adfimidare ; com- pounded of ad to, and fimitl together.

affemblies of the Clergy, are called Convocations, Sy- nods, Councils ; tho' that annual one of the Kirk of Scot- land, retains the Name General Jffembly. See Convoca- tion, Synod, Council, l$c.

Thofe of Judges, f£c. are called Courts, &c. See Court. The Affemblies of the Roman People were called Comi- tia. See CoMiTiA,g?c

The Sffembly of a Preacher, t$c. is his Audience. — The Academies have their Affemblies, or Days of Jffembly. See Academy, &c.

The Affemblies of Diffenters, c>c. are frequently called Conventicles. See Conventicle.

Assembly is particularly ufed in the Vectu Monde, for a Hated and genera] Meeting of the polite Perfons of both Sexes; for the fake of Converfation, Gallantry, and News.

Unlawful Affeinbly, in Law. See Unlawful Affemlly.

Assemblies of the Campus Martii, or Maii, of the Field o/Mars, or May. See Field cfMars,£<c. Campus, ££c.

Quarter, or 'Place of Assembly, in a Camp, £?c. See Quarter of Affembly.

Assembly, is alfo ufed in the military Art, for the fecond Beat of the Drum, before the March. See Drum.

On hearing this, the Soldiers firike their Tents, roll them up, and then ftand to their Arms. See March.

The thitd Beating is called the March, as the firft is cal- led the General. See General.

ASSENT, Assensus, an Agreement or Acquicfcence of the Mind, to Jbmething propofed, or affirmed. — Thus, to affent to any Propofition, is to allow it true, or to perceive its Truth. See Truth.

The Schoolmen obferve, that to every Propofition, how compound or complex foever it he, there only goes one Affent of the Mind. — Thus, in the conditional Propofition, If the Sun Jbines it is Day ; there is only one Affent of the Mind, which regards the Connexion of the Effect with the Condition. So in the disjunctive Propofition, Peter either /Indies, or does not fludy ; the Mind does not give a two- fold rffent to the two Parts thereof, it being enough that 'Peter do either rhe one or the other, for the Propofition to be true. See Proposition.

Affent is diftinguifhed, like Faith, into implicit?, or blind--, and explicite, ot feeing. See Faith, &c.

Others diftinguifh it into actual and habitual. —

slttual Affent, is a Judgment whereby the Mind per- ceives a thing to be true. —

Habitual Affent confifts in certain Habits induced in the Mind by repeated Acfs. See Habit and Habitude.

To this belongs Faith, which is an Affent ariiing from the Authority of the Perlon who fpeaks : Such alfo is Opinion, which is defined an affent of the Mind cum formtdine Op- pofiti, &c. See Faith, Opinion, &c.

For the Meafures and Degrees of Assent, fee Proba- bility, Verisimilitude, Evidence, Demonstrati- on, &c.

Fa. Mallebranch lays it down as an Axiom, or Principle of Method, never to allow any thing for Truth, from which we can forbear our Affent without fome fecret Reproach of our own Reafon. See Liberty, Method, Maxim, &c.

ASSERTION, Assertio, in the Language of the Schools, a Propofition which a Perfon advances j which he avows to be true, and is ready to maintain in publick. See Pro- position.

ASSESSOR, or Assessour, an inferior, or fubordinate Officer of J. a ice, chiefly appointed to aflift the ordinary Judge with his Opinion and Advice. See Judge and Jus- tice.

The Matters in Chancery are Jffeffors of the Lord Chan- cellor. See Master and Chancellor.

The Word is Latin, form'd of ad, to, and fedeo, I fit.

There are two Kinds of Affeffors in the imperial Cham- ber, ordinary and extraordinary. — The ordinary are now in Number 41, whereof 5 are elected by the Emperor, viz. 3 Counts or Barons, and two Juris Confulti, or Civil Law- yers. The Electors appoint 10, the fix Circles iS, gjfc. They act in Quality of Councellors of the Chamber, and have Salaries accordingly. See Imperial and Chamber.

Assessor, is particulat !y ufed among us, for an Inhabi- tant of a Town, or Village, elected by the Community, to fettle the Taxes, and other Impofitions of the Year, to fix the Proportion which each Perfon is to bear, and to fee the Collection made. See Tax, &c.

By the Stat. ie & ij Car. l. two Inhabitants in every Pa- rifh were made Affeffors for rhe Royal Aid. See Aid.

ASSETS, in Law, Effects fufficient to difcharge the Bur- den laid on an Executor, or Heir, for fatisfying the Tefta- tot's Debts or Legacies. See Executor, Heir, Testa- ment, Legacy, &c.

The Word is form'd of the French Affcz, enough ; in re- gard whoever charges another wirh Sffets, charges him with having enough defended or come to his Hands to difcharge that which is in Demand.

Affets are of two Sorts, real and perfonal — Where a Man dies feifed of Lands in Fee-fimple, rhe Lands which defcend to his Heir, are Jffets real. See Real.

Where he dies poffefs'd of any perfonal Eftate, the Goods which come to the Hands of the Executor, are Affets per- fonal. See Personal.

Of real Affets there are two Sorts, per Defcent, and Affets enter mains.

Assets fer Defceut, are where a Man enters into Bond, and dies feized of Lands in Fee-fimple, which defcend to

his