Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/184

 ARM

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ARM

is Mcrchandife, in which they excel.— The Cardinal do Richlicu, we are told, had a Defign to make an. Eftablifh- ment of them in France, for promoting the Commerce of that Country.

With regard to Religion, there are two Kinds of Arme- nian! ; the one Catholicks, and fubjeel to the Pope, having an Archbiftiop in fPerfia, and another in 'Poland.— The other make a peculiar Sect, having two Patriarchs in Nata- lia. They have their Printing-houfe at Marfeilles.

The Armenians are of the Sect of Monophyjites, and only allow of one Nature in Jefus Chrift. See Monophysite.

As to the Eucharift, they agree with the Greeks, except in this, that they mix no Water with their Wine, and ufe un- leavened Bread after the manner of the Latins. See Greek, Azymus, &c.

They abftain very rigouroufly from eating of Blood and Meats flrangled, and are much addicted to Fafting, info- much, that to here them talk, one would conclude that their whole Religion confifled in Fafting.

The Monaftic Order is in great Repute among them, ixnee one of their Patriarchs introduced that of St. Safit ; but part of them which have united with the Church of Rome, have changed their antient Rule, for that of the ^Dominicans. See Basilian and Dominican.

Armenian-o70w<?, Lapus Armenus, in natural Hiflory, called alfo Lapis Stellatas ; is a kind of precious Stone, near- ly refembling the Lapis Lazuli, except that it is fofter, and inftead of Veins of Gold, is intermixed with Green. See Stone and Lazuli.

Soerhaave rather ranks it among Semi-Metals; and fup- pofes it compofed of a Metal and Earth. — See Metal. — He adds, that it only differs from the Lazuli in degree of Maturity 5 and that both of them feem to contain Arfenic. See Arsenic.

It it found in Tirol, Hungary, and Tranfihania ; and is ufed both in Mofaic Work, and to make that beautiful Blue Colour called Azure. See Azure and Mosaic.

Armenian Sole, Solus Armenus, or Sole Armoniac, is a native Bole or Earth, brought from Armenia. See Bole and Earth.

Some conjecture it to have a Mixture of Iron in its Com- poiition. — That which is pali/h, red, foft, fattiih upon the Pallate, and adhefive on the Tongue, is the beft. It is a good Aflringent, and Vulnerary ; and in thofe Intentions frequently prefcribed againft Diarrheas, Dyflenteries, Htem- morrhages, and other Defluxions. — Externally it is ufed in flrengthening Plaifters, againft Luxations of the Joints.

ARMILUSTRIUM, in Antiquity, a Feaft held among the Romans; wherein they facrifie'd, armed at all Points, and with the Sound of Trumpets. See Feast.

Some define Armilllftrium to have been a Feaft, wherein a general Review was made of all the Forces in the Campus Martins. — But this does net come up to the Point; for Varro does not derive the Word from the Latin Arma and lu- ftrare, to make a Review ; but from the Cuflom of hold- ing this Feaft in the Place where the Reviews were ufed to be made, or rather from their going round the Place armed with Bucklers. And he prefers this laft Opinion, being perfuaded that it was from this Ceremony, that the Place where this Sacrifice was ofter'd to the Gods, was called Ar- milllftrium, or Armilnftrum, at luendo atit lufirfi, i. e. quod circumibant ludentes, ancilibus armati.

This Sacrifice was intended as an 1-irhKd.^ii.^iuv, an Expia- tion of Arms, for the Profperity of the Arms of the People of Rome; and was celebrated on the 14th of the Calends of November.

ARMINGS, in a Ship, are the fame with Waft-Clothes, being Red Clothes, hung about the Outfides of the Ship's Upper-works, fore and aft; and before the Cubbridge Heads. — There are fome alfo hung round the Tops, called Top-Armings.

ARMINIANISM, the DoSrine of Arminms, a celebra- ted Profeflor in the Univerfity of Ley 'den ; and of the Ar- minians, a SetH which follow him.

The principal Article wherein the Arminians differ from the other Reformed, confiftsin this, that thinking the Doc- trines of Calvin, with regard to Free-will Predeftination and Grace, too fevere, they have rcturn'd to thofe of the Romifh Church, and maintain, that there is an universal Grace given to all Men ; that Man is always free, and at Liberty to reject or embrace Grace, i£c. See Grace, Free- Will,^.

Gomar, Arminius's Collegue, flood ftrenuoully up for a particular or fpecial Grace, given only to thofe who were predeftinated or elect ; and for a pofitive Decree both of Election in fome, and of Reprobation in others. See Pre- destination, Election, Reprobation, &c.

At length, the Matter came to an Hearing, before the Sy- nod of 2)ort, where Arminianijm was condemn'd in Form. — Thefe Difputes began in the Year i«oo. From the School they pafs'd into the Government, and the Republick of Hol- land was once in a fair way to be over-turned by them.

ARMINIANS, a religious Seel or Party, which arofe \i Holland, by a Separation from the Calvinifts. SecAp.Mi-

NIANISM.

The Arminians are fometimes alfo called Remoaftrants- by reafon of a Rcmonftrance which they perfer'd to the' States General in jiJii, wherein the chief Articles of their Faith were laid down. See Remonstrant.

The latter Arminians carried Things much further than Arminius himfelf, and even came very near to Socinianijm. - Efpecially under Simon Epifcopius.— -When the Calvinifts upbraided rhem with renewing an antient Herefy already condemned in the 'Pelagians, and Semi-Pelagians ; they replied, that the mere Authority of Men cou'd not be allow a a legitimate Proof any where but in the Church of Rome ; that it was not enough to ihew any Opinion had been condem- ned, without Ihewing it had be„en condemned juftly : Nee fatis eft danmatam Olim Sententiam eff'e, nifi da.nn'andam, am jure aut rite damnatam eff'e, conft'et.

On this Principle, which the Calvinifts cannot well gain- fay, the Arminians retrench abundance of thofe called fun- damental Articles of Religion. Not finding them all clearly expreffed in Scripture, they laughed at all the Catechifms and Formula's of Faith which they would have reftrained them to ; and accordingly were condemn'd at the famous Synod of 2)ort, held in 1S18, whereat Divines from all the Reformed Churches were prefent.

Many among them have quitted the Doctrine of their Mailer relating to the Points' of eternal Eleflion and Pre- deftination.— Arminius taught, that God elected the Faith- ful out of a Foreknowledge of their Faith ; But Epifcopius, and others, think he clefts no Pcrfon from all Eternity, and only elects the Faithful, at the Time when they aflualiv be- lieve. They fpeak very ambiguoufly of the Prelcicnce of God, which was the principal Stroug-Hold of Arminius. They look on the Doarine of the Trinity as a Point not ne. ceflary to Salvation ; and many of them hold there is no' Precept in Scripture, by which we are enjoin'd to adore the Holy Ghoft ; and that Jefus Chrift is not equal to God the Father. And they generally avoid rhe Word SmsfaBim of Chrift. Tho' Epifcopius declares, that Jefus Chrift has made Satisfaflion to God, fo far as to render him propitious to" Mankind.

They prefs with a great deal of Earneftnefs, a "eneral Toleration of all thofe who profefs the Chriftian Religion •* maintaining that all Chriftians are agreed in the eflential Points : As it has never been decided by any infallible Au- thority, which of the many Ways is the true one, and the moll agreeable to the Word of God ; they ought all to com- bine on the fame Footing, to compofe one Church, without obliging any to quit their own Sentiments, or embrace thofe of others.

Their principal Writers are Arminius, Etifcopius; and Grotius ; to which may be added Curcell/eus, who lias collect- ed a Syftem of Theology out of the large diffufive Writings of Epifcopius, with the Addition of many Things of his out.' , — Tho' Curcelldlus, it muff be own'd, is r.mk'd by the So- cinians among the Number of their Writers.

ARMISTICE, Armiftitium, a ftiort Truce, or CeCfation of Arms for a (null Time. See Truce, Cessation, (ge.

ARMONIACK, or rather Ammoniac, in natural Hi- ftory, a lort of volatile Salt ; whereof there are two Kinds antient and modern. See Salt.

The antient Sal Ammoniac ,• called alfo Sal Cyrenaic , deienbed by Pliny and Diofcoridc*, was a native Salt o c nerated in the Earth, or rather the Sands, in thofe lar^e Inns or Caravanleras, where the Crouds of Pilgrims coining from all Parts to the Temple of Jupiter Amnion, ufed to' lodge.— The Method of Conveyance in thole Parts being ot Camels ; and thofe Creatures when in Cyrene a Province' of Egypt wherein that celebrated Temple flood, urining in the Stables, or fay fome in the parched Sands - Of th : s Urine, which is remarkably ftrong, fublimed by the Heat of the Sun, arofe a kind of Salt, denominated fometimes from the Temple Ammoniac, and fometimes from the Re- gion Cyrenaic.

This Salt being no longer found in thofe Places, fome' Authors fufpefl there was never any fuch thing; and that the antient as well as the modern Sal-Armoniac was facti- tious. — What pleads for the contrary, is, that the Salt fre- quently bclchedout in large Quantities from Mount yZtna,- appears much of the fame Nature, and anl'ivcrs to mod of the Characters of the antient Sal-Armoniac. The Reafon no more is produced in Egypt, is the Ceflation of Pilgri- mages to that ancient Idol.

Its Characters are, that it cools Water, turns Aqua Fortis into Aqua Regia, and confequently diflblves Gold; that it fublimes by a large Fire, and affords a pungent urinous Savor See Aqua-Recia, Urinous, £&'.

The modern Sal-Armoniac, called alio Aqua Cceleflis is held by fome to be native, and to trickle out of the Ground about Mount Vefuvius, Mtna,Sic. in. Form of a Litjuor •

which*