Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/183

 ARM

(138)

ARM

The Ark was taken by the 3 > bili$i%0S, and returned with divers Prefents. — It was at firft placed in the Tabernacle, afterwards in the Sanctuary of the Temple. See Taber- nacle, Temple, and Sanctuary.

Jofephus defcribes it at 5 Palms long, 3 broad, and as many high ; the Wood, both within Side and without, li- ned with Plates of Gold, and fitted with golden Hinges.' — The Lid or Covering of the Ark was called the ^Propitia- tary, over which were two Figures placed called Cherubim, a kind of Spirits with Wings of a peculiar Form never feen but by Mofes before the Throne of God. h may be added that fome Cri ticks take the Word Cherub, 3TID, t0 be only a Tranfpofition of the Hebrew Letters of the Word TD"1, Rechub, Chariot^ and that by the Cherubim being -placed over the /Irk, we are only to underftand that the Ark. was a fort of Chariot, on which God fate. See Propitiatoe.y, Ciiee.ue, &c.

The Jews to this Day, have a kind of Ark in their Sy- nagogues, wherein their facred Books are repofited, in imi- tation of the anticnt Ark of the Covenant. — This they call Aron. Leo of Modena gives a Defcription thereof, in his Account of the Cufloms and Ceremonies of thofe of his #<2- tion : ' The feios, fays he, in the eaftern Side of all their ' Synagogues, have an <6rk, or Armory, called Aron 5 in ' Memory of the Ark of the Covenant. In this are prefer- ' ved the five Books of Afofes, wrote on Vellum, with Ink
 * made on Purpofe, &c.

Tertuliian calls this Ark, Armarium Judaicum -, whence the Phrafe, to be in the Armory of the Synagogue, q. d. to be in the Number of canonical Writings. See Apocry- pha.

ARM, Brachium, apart of the human Body, termina- ting at one End in the Shoulder, and at the other in the Hand. See Body, Shoulder, £Sc.

Among Phyficians, the Arm only includes that part be- tween the Shoulder and the Elbow 5 the reft, from the El- bow to the Wrift, being taken into the greater Hand. See Hand.

The Arm, in this latter Acceptation, has only one large Bone, called the Humerus, or Shoulder-Bone. See Hume- rus.

It has five forts of Motions, which are effected by five Pair of Mufcles $ upwards, by the ZJeltoides, Suprafpina- ttts, and Coracobrachialis 5 downwards, by the 'Teres, Ro- tundas major, and Latijfimus tDorJ? $ forwards, by the Pec- toralis ; backwards, by the Infrafpinatns ; and circular, by the Tranfuerfalis, Subfcapularis , and Infrafpinatus. See each Mufcle defcribed under its proper Article.

The other Part confifts of two Bones, called Foeils ; viz. the Radius and Cubitus, or Ulna. See Focil, Radius, and Ulna.

The Mufcles whereby this Part are moved, are the 'Bi- ceps, Brachials Interims, Gemellus, Brachials Extemus, Anconeus, Pronator Radi teres, and £htadratus $ Supi- nator Longus, £5? Brevis. See each in its Place.

The ufual Venasfcclions are in the Arm. See Phlebo- tomy, &c.

Arm, in the Manage, is applied to a Horfe, when he en- deavours to defend himfelf againft the Bit ; to prevent obeying, or being check'd thereby.

A Horfe is faid to arm himfelf, when he preffes down his Head, and bends his Neck, fo as to reft the Branches of the Bridle upon his Brisket; in order to withftand the Effort of the Bit, and guard his Bars and his Mouth.

A Horfe is faid to arm himfelf with the Zips, when he covers the Bars with his Lips, and deadens the Preffure of the Bit. — This frequently happens in thick-lipp'd Horfes — ■ The Remedy is by ufing a Bit-mouth, forged with a Canon or Scatch-mouth, broader near the Bankers than at the Place of its Preffure, or reft upon the Bars.

For arming againft the Bit, the Remedy is to have a wooden Ball cover'd with Velvet, or other Matter, pjit on his Chaul • which will fo prefs him between the Jaw-bones, as to prevent his bringing his Head fo near his Breaft.

Arm, is alio ufed in Geography, for a Branch of a Sea, or River. See Sea, Ocean, River, &c.

Italy and Sicily are only parted by an Arm of the Sea. — St. George's Arm, in the Mediterranean, is the Thracian Bof- pborus.

Among Gardeners, Arm is.fometimes ufed in refpeft of Cucumbers and Melons, in the fame Senfe as Branch, of other Plants. See Branch, Clasper, &c.

Arm is ufed figuratively for power.— The Secular Arm, is the Lay or Temporal Authority of a fccular Judge ; to which Recourie is had for the Execution of the Sentences pafs'd by Ecclefiaftical Judges. See Secular.

The Church iheds no Blood : Even the Inquifition, after they have found the Perfon guilty, furrenders him to the fe- cuhr Jrm. See Inquisition.

The Council of Antioch, held in 341, decrees, that Re- courfe be had to the Secular Arm to reprefs thofe who re- fufe Obedience to the Church : For fccular Amij they here ufe exterior fPomr,

Arm, in the military Art, Heraldry, g£c See Arms and Armour.

Arm, in the Sea-Language. — A Ship is faid to be armed when fitted out and provided in all reipects for War. See Ship.

Alfo, a Crofs-Bar-/hot is faid to be armed, when f orric Rope-yarn, or the like, is rolled round about one End of the Iron-Bar which runs thro the Shot, both that the Shot may be the better rammed down into the Gun, and left the fharp End of the Bar ftiou'd catch into any Honev- Combs within the Cylinder of the Piece.

Arm, in refpecl: of the Magnet. — A Loadftone is faid to be armed, when it is capped, cafed, or fet in Iron or Steel • in order to make it take up the greater Weight ; and alfo to diftinguifti readily its Poles. See Magnet, Pole, & c.

The ufual Armour of a Loadftone in form of a right-an- gled Parallelopepidon, confifts of two thin Pieces of Steel or Iron, in a fquare Figure, and of a Thickncfs proportionable to the Goodnefs of the Stone : If a weak Stone have a [hong Armour, it will produce no Effect; and if the Armour of a ftrong Loadftone be too thin, its Eftecl: will not be fo confiderable as when thicker. — The proper Thicknefs is found by filing it thinner and thinner, till its Effect, is found the greateft poffible.

The Armour of a Spherical Loadftone, confifts of two Steel Shalls faftcned to one another by a Joint, and covering a good Part of the Convexity of the Stone. This alfo is to be filed away, till the Effeft is found the greateft.— 'Tis furprizing to what Degree the Armour of a Loadftone will augment its Effect : A good Stone thus armed, will lift a- bove 150 times more than before. See Magnetism.

Kircher, in his Book de Magnete, tells us, that the bed way to arm a Loadftone, is to drill a Hole thro' the Stone from Pole to Pole, and in that, to place a Steel Rod of a moderate Length ; which Rod, adds he, will take up more Weight at the End, than the Stone itielf armed the common Way, can do.

ARMA dare, q. d. to give Anns, in fome antient Char- ters, fignifies to dub, or make a Knight. See Knight.

Arma deponere, to lay down Arms, was a Puniftiment antiently enjoin'd when a Man had committed an Of&nce. Leg. Hen. I.

Arma Molita, were iharp Weapons: Fleta calls them Arma Emolita.

Arma Mutare, q. d. to change Arms, was a Ceremony ufed to confirm a League or Friendfhip.

Arma Reverfata, Inverted Arms 5 was when a Man was convicted of Treafon or Felony. See Degradation,^-

ARMAN, among Farriers, a Confeftion of great Effi- cacy to prevent a total Lofs of Appetite in Horfes. See Appetite.

ARMATURE. See Armor.

ARMARIUM Unguentum, in antient Writers, a fyta- pathetick Ointment, or Weapon Salve, whereby Wounds are faid to have been cured at a Diftance, by only drefling the Weapon. See Sympathetic-

ARMED. See Arm and Arms.

Armed, in Heraldry, is ufed in refpecl: of Beads and Birds of Prey, when their Teeth, Horns, Feet, Beak, Ta- lons, or Tusks, are of a different Colour from the reft.— He bdtrs a Cock, or a Falcon, armed, Or, &c.

ARMIGER, q. d. Armour Bearer; a Title of Dignity, render'd in Englijh, by Ej quire. 'See Esquire.

ARMILLARY, Armillaris, in Aftronomy, an Epi- thet given to an artificial Sphere, compofed of a Number of Metalline Circles, rcprefentative of the feveral Circles of the Mundane Sphere, put together in their natural Order. See Sphere and Circle.

Jrmillary Spheres eafe and afllft the Imagination to conceive the Conftitution of the Heavens, and the Motions of the heavenly Bodies. Sec Heaven, Sun, Planet, £#•

Such is reprefented, Tab. Afiron, Fig. 21. — where Pand Qj-eprefent the Poles of the World, A D the Equator, EL the Ecliptic and Zodiac, P A G D the Meridian, or the Sol- fticial Colure, T the Earth, F G the Tropic of Cancer, HT the Tropic of Capricorn, M N the Arftic Circle, OV the Antarctic, N and O the Poles of the Ecliptic, and RS the Horizon.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Armilla, a Bracelet.

ARMILLA Membranofa, is a Name given by fome A- natomifts, to the annular Ligament. Sec Annular Z#** ment.

ARMAMENT, a large Body of Forces, rais'd and pro- vided with the Furniture of War, either for Laud or Sea Service. See Army.

ARMENIANS, in reject of Religion, a Sett, orDi"' fion among the Eaftern Chriftians; thus called from At®*' nia, the Country antiently inhabited by them. See Sect.

The Armenians, fince the Conqueft of their Country^ Scha Abas King of<Perj?a, have had no fixed Place of Ha- bitation, but aredifperfed in divers Parts of Per/la, TWj and even fome Parts of Europe.— Their chief Employ^" 1