Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/179

 ARI

( '34 )

ARI

ARIES, in Aftronomy, the Ram ; a Conllellation, or Sign of the Zodiac. See Sign, Constellation, and Zodiac.

t The Stars in the Conllellation Aries, in Ptolemy's Cata- logue, are 18 ; in Tycbo's, si ; in the 'Britannic Catalogue tf 5 ; the Longitudes, Latitudes, Magnitudes, &c. whereof, are as follow :

Stars iu the Com

Aries.

Longit. Latit. Mag.

Names and Si mat ions of T zS 58 25

11 04 5&

7 «

the Stars.

16 48 1;

9 OI 2ff

7 ff

z6 49 04

5 23 59

7 ff

Preced.Star in the Horn

28 51 00

7 08 58

4

Subfeq. and more northern

29 37 59

8 28 iff

3

(Star in the Horn

b 54 20

10 57 12

In the Neck T 29 10 57

5 2ff 12

(5

In the Crown of the Head y 1 22 15

10 47 47

5

3 2<S 14

12 31 52

« 7

10.

4 02 12

12 04 02

ff

That under the Lucida b z 55 08

9 13 29

s

Informis over the Head

3 19 18

9 57 '2

2

4 40 46"

12 05 32

(5

2 43 49

5 5ff 58

tf

15.

5 03 50

11 57 02

8

In the Nofe, the more North

3 46 50

7 22 45

ff

(of two

3 *5 14

ff 08 45

7

1 49 58

1 4ff 25

ff 7

5 59 35

11 27 44

(5

20.

5 43 3 8

10 4ff 20

7

In the Nofe the more South

4 32- -5

5 43 39

ff

In the Extremity of the fore-

4 4i 59

5 27 23

7

('moft Foot

3 00 19

3 33 3'

5

3 3° 53

4 09 43

7

M-

7 19 13

4 44 07

« 7

6 41 33

2.40 42

ff 7

6 18 40

01 15

« 7

Informis, alias itfth of the Tri-

10 14 15

8 49 48

7

angle

tf 20 07

2 44 12

5 «

The North, in the Loins

9 48 35

6 07 5<J

ff

3° Informis, alt. i7thoftheTriang

11 48 01

10 51 J2

5

The South, in the Loins

9 59 55

4 01 5«

ff

Informis, all. i8thoftheTriang.

12 3 5 47

11 17 13

4

9 45 08

1 44 43

7

In the preced. hind Knee 35

9 03 43

3ff 24

ff

8 17 35

3 21 50

7

In Extrem. of the hind Foot, aliasCeti

7 37 °7

5 34 5°

4

Moll northern of the Infor tries

14 00 55

12 28 08

4

10 52 39

1 5ff 14

6

Brighter! of the Informes

13 5i 45

10 25 37

3

40.

In the Leg

10 47 52

1 off 13

tf

In the hindmoft Knee

10 35 41J

1 19 37

tf

In the Thigh or Hip, the North

12 09 32

58 57

tf

12 32 11

1 28 5 8

ff 7

The South

12 34 24

1 10 03

tf

45-

13 42 08

3 34 37

ff

In the Root of the Tail

14 10 09

4 08 01

5

at. 20th of the Triangle

IS 13 S3

8 51 55

7


 * 3 44 34

4ff 38

7

a!. 21ft of the Triangle

1(5 22 25

8 59 42

7

50. at. 2id of the Triangle

Iff 39 24

7 29 04

tf

15 03 ;tf

iff 22

7

15 30 48

1 05 39

ff 7

al. 23d of the Triangle

is 37 5 «

10 54 2(5

7

at* 24th of the Triangle

18 41 07

8 58 2tf

7 *

55*

Foremoft of the three in the Tail

Iff 30 18

1 47 34

4

The Middle

17 3« 34

2 51 19

5

20 19 17

8 32 08

7

20 03 5

ff 59 28

7

Laft of the Tail

19 03 42

2 34 05

5

60.

20 5ff 50

8 45 0;

ff

The Middle

19 18 49

2 04 57

ff

20 39 45

5 51 39

tf

The Third

19 41 15

1 02 52

7

6-5. t

21 off 22

3 4 s 01

7

Mrengtk '"g jefcm.

Aries alio denotes a battering Ram; being a military Engine much iri ufe among the antient Romans, to batter and beat dawn the Walls of Places beiieged. See Machine.

Of this there were two kinds; the one rude and the other artificial and compound. — The former ft ' • have been no more than a great Beam, which the 's'u '" bore in their Arms, and with one End of it, bv m,i„°t '" affail'd the Walls. ' " For «,

The compound Ram is defcrib'd by Jofepbus thus ■ • •n. ' Ram is a vaft long Beam, like the Mad of a Shir "' ' red at one End with a Head of )ron, Ibmefh.. ' bling that of a Ram, whence it took its Name. 'J ' hung by the middle, with Ropes, to another Beam wk! i ' lies a-crofs a couple of Pofts ; and hanging thus can '11 ' ballanced, is, by a great Number of Men, violently i| X ' forward, and recoil'd backwards ; and fo makes the Wll ' with its Iron Head. Nor is thcte any Tower or Wall f ' thick or flrong, as to refill the repeated Affaults of, I ' forcible Machine. Dls

M. Felibien defcribes a third fort of battering j>. which run on Wheels; and was the moll perfect an<1 .e ' tual of them all. l ' ut «-

Vitruvius affirms, that the Ram was firft invented i the Carthaginians, while they laid Siege to Cadiz; 'i\p was the fimple kind above-mentioned \ Tephapnems a ft rian, contrived to fufpend it with Ropes ; and 'Pelydus tf! fbeJTalian, to mount it on Wheels, at the Siege of Sv-J tium, under 'Philip of Maccdon.

The Engine oppofed to the Ram, was called Lupus the Wolf.— 'Plutarch tells us, that Mark Anthony, in the -Par thicm War, ufed a Ram of 80 Foot long ; and Fitnivim aflures us they were fometimes made lotf, and fomctimes 120 Foot long, to which, perhaps, the Force of the Engine was in great Meafure owing.

The Ram was managed at once by a whole Century f Soldiers ; fo that it play'd continually, and without Inter- million, being ufually cover'd with a Vinea, to protect it from the Attempts of the Enemy. See Vinea.

ARISTA, in Botany, a long needle-like Beard, that grows out from the Husk of Corn, or Grafs; called alfo the Aim. See Corn, i$c.

ARISTARCHUS, in its original Greek, fignifies, gmi 'Prince ; but in its ordinary Ufe among the Learned, is nn- derftood of a very fevere Critick ; there having been a Gram. marian of that Name, who criticiz'd on the Verfes of the very beft Poets. See Critic and Criticism.

Hence we derive the Titles of feveral Books ; Ariflttr. elms Sacer, Heinjiits's Notes on the New Teftament ; M Jlarcbus Ami Bentleiamts, &c.

ARISTOCRACY, Aristocratia, a Form of political Government, where the fupreme Power is lodg'd in the Hands of the Optimates, i. e. a Council or Senate computed of the principal Pcrfons of a State, cither in refpeft of No- bility, Capacity, or Probity. See Government and Op- timates.

The antient Writers of Politicks prefer this Form of Go. vernment to all others. — TheRepublick of Venice is an Arifiocracy. See Republic. Ariflocracy coincides with Olygarchy ; which however, is more ordinarily ufed to fignify a "Corruption of an ariftocra- tical State, where the Adminiflration is in the Hands of toe few. See Olygarchy.

The Word is derived from i'eir©-, opt'mms, and Kfn-rU, impero, I command, govern.

ARISTOLOCHIA, popularly call'd Birth-wort; a me- dicinal Plant, ufed as an Ingredient in Treacle, g?c- See Tiieriaca.

Cicero derives its Name from its Inventor Ariftolocbes; others, from its Virtues.— Thefe laft fuppofe it form'd from xfK@-, optimus, and Ao*««, bringing forth young ; in re- gard it is found of excellent Ufe in bringing down the lo- chia, or Menfes of Women newly deliver'd. See LocnUi iSc.

■ There are four Kinds of Ariflolocbia, viz. the routiit long, rampant or creeping, and the Jlender ; but only the two former are ufed among us. — The round is of a fub-acrid aromatic Tafte, found very common in Languedoc, Spain, and Italy : Its Root is of particular Ufe in facilitating Deli- very, provoking the Menles, and bringing down the Afer- Birth ; and is externally applied in vulnerary Tinclures, and in Waters for Gangrenes.

The long Ariflolocbia likewife grows in Languedoc; its Root is ufed in Opiates, and in Tinflures for the Afth™ a ' and to excite the Menfes ; its Decoflion, in Lotions, to faci- litate the Delivery of the After-birth, g?c\

Befides thefe, there are feveral other Kinds of Jrifi' 1 '- cbia in America ; one particularly in Virginia, whofe R° 0IS are ufed againft the Bites of venemous Beafts, in malignant Fevers, and the Small-Pox. — Its alexipharmachick Vir» e has occafion'd it to be called Viperinum Virginia.

ARISTOTELIAN, fomething that glares to Arip' 1 '- —Thus we fay the Ariftotelian Philofophy, an AriJloteliM Dogma, &c.

The Philofopher from whom the Denomination antes,"*' the Son of Nicomachlis, born in the Ye.ir of the World ;ff7°>

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