Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/172

 ARC

The Archbifhop of Canterbury had antiently Jurifdic- tion over Ireland as well as England, and was ftyled a 'Patriarch, and fometimes Alterius orbis Taj>a, and Orbis SritanniciToutifex. Matters done and recorded in his Kame ran thus, Anno Toniificams nofiri fri /no, &c. See Patriarch, Pope, £fc.

He was alfo I.egatvs Natus. See Leg ate.

He even enjoyed fome fpecial Marks of Royalty ; as, to be Patron of a Bifhoprick, which he was of Rochefier ; ' to

make Knights, coin Monies, &c. He is ftiil the firft

Peer of England, and next to the Royal Pamily $ having precedence of all Dukes, and all Great Officers of the Crown. SeeNoEiLiTY, Peer, Precedence, &c.

He has, by Common Law, the Power of Probate of Wills and Teftaments, and granting Letters of Adminiflration, &c. See Probate, Administration, &c.

He has alfo a Power to grant I icences and Difpenfations in all Cafes formerly fued for in the Court of Rome, and not repugnant to the Law of God. See Dispensation, Plu- rality, Non-Residence, Commendam, &C.

He alfo holds feveral Courts of Judicature ; as, Court of Arches, Court of Audience, Prerogative Court, and Court of Peculiars. See Arches, Audience, &g.

The Archbifhop of Tork has the like Rightsin his Pro- vince, as the Archbifhop of Canterbury $ has precedence of all Dukes not of the Royal Blood ; and all Officers of State except the Lord High Chancellor. He has the Rights of a Count <PalatineQvcr Hcxamjbire, See Convocation,

ARCHDEACON, Archidiaconus, a Church Offi- cer, whofeBuGnefs is to vifit the Parifhes within a certain Dittrift, or part of a Diocefe committed to him. See Visi- tation, Parish, &c.

The Archdeacon, fometimes alfo call'd Arcb-Zevite, was originally the firft and eldcft of the Deacons who attended on the Lifhop; whence his Name. See Deacon.

He w;:snot known before the Council of Nice: his Func- tion is fince become a Dignity ; and even fet above that of Prieft : tho'aniiently it was quite otherwifc. The Arch- deacon was the Bifhop's chief Minifter for all external Con- cerns, and particularly the Adminiflration of ithe Tempo- raries. He tcok care that Order and Decency were obferv'd in Divine Service, look'dto the Ornaments and Utenfils of the Church ; had the Direction of the Poor, and the In- fpeclion of the Manners and Behaviour of »he People: for which reafon he was cali'd the Sijbop's Hand and Eye.

Thefe Advantages foon got him the upperhand over Priefts, who had only Spiritual Fun£lions. But he had no Jurifdiclion over 'em till the Vlth Century ; tho* by this time he was become fuperior to the Archimandrite, or RuralDean himfelf. See Rural2)i?w.

In rhe Xrh Century Archdeacons were coniidered as ha- ving Jurisdiction in their own Right or attach'd to their Crhce -, with a Power of Delegating it 10 others. Butfrom that time Meafures weretaken to leffen their Power, by

increafing their Number He whofe Diftrict lay in the

Capital City, took the Quality of Great -Archdeacon.

We have fixty Archdeacons in England: their Office is to vifit every other Year, to enquire into Reparations and Moveables belonging to the Church, reform Abufes in Ecclefiaftical Matters, and bring the more weighty Affairs before the Biftiop; befides which, they have alfo a Power to iufpend, excommunicate, and in many Places to prove Wills, and infbme to iniHtute to Benefices.

It is one* part of the Archdeacon's Office to indu£l all Clerks into tiitir Benefices within his Jurifdiclion j and by the Atl of Uniformity, he is now oblig'd to be in Priefts Orders. See Induction.

Mi'.ny Archdeacons in eld Foundations, have, by prefcrip- tion, their Courts and Officials as Bilhops have. See Court, Official, &c.

1" RCH-Cham berlain, Ar ch i- Camer arius, an Officer of the Empire -, much the fame with what in Eng- land we call Great Chamberlain. See Chamberlain.

The Elector of ftrandenbourg is Arch Chamberlain of the Empire, being fo appointed by the Goiden Bull j and in that Quality, he bears the Scepter before the Emperor, walking on the left hand of the Eleclor of Saxony. At fome Solemnities he ferves on horfeback like otherElcclors; carry mg a Bafon with a Towel in his Hands : from which alight- ing he fets it for the Emperor to wafh— He has his Vicar, or Sub Arch-Chamberlain, who is Prince of Hoheuzollern , of theHoufe of Brandenbonrg. See Elector, Empire,

ARCH-Chancellor, Archi-Cancellarius, a Great Chancellor, who antiently prefided over the Nota- ries, that is, the Secretaries of a Court. See Chancellor.

This Office chiefly obtained in France, under the two firft Races of their Kings j and afterwards under the Em-

Cm )

ARC

pire: as they had three feveral Territories, German, ,, and Aries ; they had three Arch-Clmncdiors ■ ^K i '~ the three Arch Chancellors frill mbfiftinj. nGe*,t h T ArchbifW .of **» being ^0^1°^^

Sen. de Malliackroth, in an exprefs Treat : fc de 1 r ■ cancellarus Imperii Romam, fttews that thefe three I ?<■£' biihops were Arch-Chancellors before they were Elrft„« We alfo read of Arcb-Cbancllors of 2url„l, t °"~

ARCH-CHANTER, Arch, c, NT fr^t h e CRirf Preftdent of the Chalets of a Church.""' 0^^ "'

AB.CHD.V.D, ARCHin 5mi, the Chief or Pontiff °f 'heanfentaWiina Nation. Sccl) IDI „. ° MM

ARCH Lutler, Archifincerna, the Great Butler of the Empire. See Bottler

Thcl<.mgo{8ohemia is Srch-iutlcr ; his BofWfV i, t„ ptcfcnt the firft Cup at an Impcria, Entcrtaintn bu he is not obliged to officiate with his Crown on. He has for

E^ctor.^ thC HCrCjm,r5 ' Pri, ' Ce ° f &***?£

ARCHDapifer, or Cbief-Semer, is another Officer of

the Empire. SeeE M PiRn. "-rawer 01

The Elector of Bavaria is Arcbdaeifer ti.pi ■ c

the Rhine pretended this Office waTfcJ^ fed

ARCHDUKE, Archiduk, a Duke veiled with fome g^'""' ™d Authority above other DuTs

TheArcbdukeafJuftriaU 'a very antient Title. There have alfo oeen Archdukes of Lorrain, and Sralani

Aujlr** was eroded into a Mar:,uifate by Otbo', ot Hen- 7; M ,f° a Dutchy by Fiderid. in ,, „ ' Bu f l e don t well know when, nor why the Title ArcldrucM was IT £~, \' S c ° m T onl y »«'<*. '1'" Duke Fridert Tv firft aflumed the Quality: Others, that it was given by the Emperor Mmmhan I. in ,450 i and ample Sees

&&&£?&&£££& tlK iF

Appeal ; that he /hall be Wg-l'toTafeTS ZX- veft.ture of his States after having demanded i three times; and cannot be deprived of his Countries ever, bv the Emperor and the States of the Empire • that A f fa,r of the Empire can be concluded Sut h U Fardcipfl t.on; and that he have a power of creating Co £

runs and Gentlemen, througlout the whole Empire, which ftr e a^r V s. CgeS *° **"* *" ^ °^ ° f ^Empirlare 8=00™^°^ rh5 ' ndanS ' '^^""-gofaDifeafe.

. AR. C ^. ED le & s < is a - ! Imperfection in a Horfe ■ h™ being m his natural Pofition, he has his Legs bent forward"

Horse 5 § * * "'' A ' ch or Bow - "«

It ufually arifes from exceffive Labour, whereby the back Smew, are made to fttrink up fo that the Lei re! mam arch d and tremble after a little Riding. Tho the Diforder is fometimes natural to them

ARCHERS, a kind of Militia or Soldiery, armed with Bows and Arrows. See Arm, Mil, tia {/ e

They were much in ufein former Times ; 'but are now la,d afide, excepting in Turky, and fome of the Eaftem Countries; w-^iere there are Companies of Archers ft HI 0" toot in their Armies.

The Kame Archer, however ;<; n;n .. t ■ -t where the Thing is loft : Th f ' iufSlTn*™ who attend the Irevofts, to make Captu^s Lure" Ar' refts, (gc are called Archers > tho thL Arms be only Ha "-

berds or Carabines 1„ this f en f e the r g[ 7%%".

of the Grand f rem deVHoul; of the TretTdefZ" Watch/fe ^ ' Anhm d " Gmt > oro ' %

They have alfo their Archers des <Pativres Jrrh,r< „l the Poor ; whofe Office is ,0 feize fuch Beggar's afthev fi.d in the Streets, and carry them to the HofpS hey find

The Word is form'd of the Lalm Amis, a Bow • whence A-cmrws, ,.r ql!l ,es, and even Arams, as we fometrmet read ,t ,n the corrupt State of that 'Tongue— ~V%?o obferves, that Archer originally fignifierf a Brigand, or Highwayman. 5 '

ARCHERY, in our antient Cufloms, a Service of keep- a Bow for the Ufe of the Lord, to defend his Caftle. See Service.

ARCHES, or Court of Arches, isone of the Archbi- inops Courts; to which Appeals lie in Ecclefiaftical Mat- ters from all parts of the Province of Canterbury. See Court, Appeal, and Archbishop.

This Court is thus call'd, from the arch'd Church and Tower of St. Alary le Sow, where it was wont to bo held.