Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/164

 APR

Which, being reduced to the fame denomination, as here follows

73.9S — 4300— 3100 + (1720 — 500)5=0

— 0.04 -f- I22QJ' = »

12 ■ 205 = 0.04

(124) AQ.U

5 =004 : 12 ■ 10 = . 0032 Therefore x = 8. 6000 + o. 0031 = 8 . 6052, Suppofe x =» 8 — 6o,z +5 i Then will «'== 7401505014+ 17 . 10640000

y+y

—jx = — 43 • oi6cocco — 500000000 . — 2 1 = — 51 . oooc ocoo — p. oooo04sn tf: »■ 206400005 =
 * y.±=so\ 000 09 497 6 : 1 2 • 20640000

=30.0000077808. Therefore as = 8 .6032000000 +0 .0000077808 = 8.603277808.

Suppofe, again, the Root of a Cubic Equation as* •-)- ix'

t ^ x — 70 = be required by Approximation ; here let

the Root be 5+5, fince the Terms are omitted wherein "em in the Transformation of the Equation. Wherefore, we find
 * and y' are found ; there is no neceflity for expreffing

as' = 125 + 75^-" + 2k*= ;o + zoy ...

— 23* = 115 — 23 y

— 10+725 =

y=— i| = o.l Therefore as = 5 + o. 1 = 5 • 1

Suppofe as = 5- 1 + 3 '• Tnen will

as'= 132 .651 + 78.0305

-t-zas 1 = 52 .020 + 20. 4005

— 23 as = — 117. 300 — 23-000 y

— 70 = — 70. coo

— 2.629 + 75 .4305 = 75.43=5=2 -6-9

y= 3.649: 7 5 •43°= - c 348 Wherefore as = 5. 1 + o. 048 = 5 . 1 34 s -

And after the fame manner might one proceed to Infi- nity-

AFPUI in the Manage, q. d. reft ox flay «pon 'he Hand; is the reciprocal Effort between the Horfe's Mouth and the Bridle- Hand 5 or the Sehfe of, the Action of the Bridle ui the Hand of the Horl'eman. Sec Head, Bridle, SSc.

A iufl Appui of the Hand, is the nice bearing up or Hay of the Bridle; fo that the Horfe being awed by the Senii- bility and Tendernefs of his Mouth, dares not reft too much upon the Bit-Mouth, nor check or beat upon the Hand to withftand it.

A dull, obtllfe Appui, is when a Horfe has a good Mouth, but his Tongue fo thick, that the Bit cannot work, or bear upon the Bars ; the Tongue not being fo fenfible as the Bars ■ tho' the like Effett is fometimes owing to the grofl-

nefs of his Lips A Horfe is faid to have no jppin,

when he dreads the Bit mouth ; is too apprehenfive of the

Hand, and can't bear the Bit. He is faid to have too

much Appui, when he refts or throws himfelf too much, too hardily upon the Kit. Horfes defigned for the Ar- my ought to have a fall Appui upon the Hand.

APPULSE, in Aftronomy, the approach of any Planet to a Conjunftion with the Sun, or a Star. See Con junc-

APPURTENANCES, or Appertinences, in Com- mon Law, fignify things both corporeal, i.e. belonging to another thing, as their principal 5 E. gr. Hamlets, to a chief Manor, and the like: and incorporeal, as Liberties and Services of Tenants, Site. See Appendant.

The Word is form'd of the Latin, ad, to, and pertinere, to belong.

APRIL, the fourth Month of the Tear, according to the common Computation, but the fecond according to that of ' the Affronomers. See Month.

In this Month the Sun travels thro' the Sign Taurus. See Sun and Taurus.

The Word is derived from the Latin aperihs, of apeno, I open ; becaufe the Earth, in this Month, begins to o- pen her Bofom for the Production of Vegetables. See Spring. ..

APRON, in Gunnery, a piece of Lead which caps, or covers the Vent, or Touch-Hole of a great Gun. See Gun, Ordnance, ££c.

APSIDES, Aksip.es, or Apsiese, in Aftronomy, two Points in the Orbit of a Planet, the highetf whereof is cal-

led the Aphelion, or Apogee 3 and the lowefl the 'Perihelion or 'Perigee. See Aphelion, Afocee, Perihelion, and Perigee.

The Apfides are alfo called Auges. See Auges.

The Diameter which joins thefe two Points is call'd the Line of the Apfides, and paffes thro' the Center of the Or.

bit of the Planet, and the Center of the Earth. Such

is the Line AP, (Tab. Astronomy, fig. 1.) drawn from the Aphelion A to the Perihelion V. See Orbit and Planet.

The Eccentricity is reckoned in the Line of the Apfides ; being the Diftance between the Center of the Orbit of the Planet C, and the Center of the.Sun or Earth S, according as the Copernican or the 'Ptolemaic Syftem is followed. See Eccentricity.

For the Motion of the Line of the Apfides, fee Apo- gee, &c.

The Word comes from the Greek «4«> an Arch, or Vault.

Apsides were alfo amiently ufed for a kind of private Oratories, or Chapels in great Churches ; otherwife called 23oxologia, or fDoxalid. SeeORATORY.

They were thus call'd, becaufe arched or vaulted over.

The Word ftill obtains in the Low Countries, where it denotes a kind of Choir, or Place beyond the Altar ; where the Religious fit, and fing the Office, feparate from the People, and without being feen by 'em.

AP-THANES, an ancient Term for the higher No- bility in Scotland. See Thane.

APTITUDE, the natural Difpofition any thing hath to ferve for fuch or fuch a purpofe.

Thus, Oil hath an Aptitude to burn, and Water to extin- guilh Fire.

APTOTE, in Grammar, a Noun indeclinable, or which is without any Variation of Cafe. See Noun and Case.

The Word is derived from the Greek Privative a, and

izjans, CflfuS.

APUS, in Aftronomy, the 'Bird ef <Paradife ; one of the Conftellations of the Southern Hemifphere, not vifible in our Latitude. See Constellation.

APYREXY, in Medicine, the Intermiflion of a Fever or Ague. See Fever and Ague.

The Word is form'd of the privative Particle a, and -mf. Ignis, Fire or Heat, or -mejissa, febricito, to befeveri/h.

AQUA, in natural Hiiiory, Phyficks, Chymiftry, Me- dicine, iSc. See Water.

The Word is pure Latin, and fuppofed to be compound- ed of a mi qua, q.d. from which; alluding to the Opi- nion that Water is the Bafts or Matter of all Bodies.

Aoua fortis, is a corrofive Liquor, ferving as a Men- ftruurrTwhcrewith to diffolve Silver, and all other Metals except Gold. See Menstruum, Dissolution, Metal, l£c.

Aqua fortis is made of Salt-Petre, which is the only Salt that will act on Silver. See Nitre, Salt-prtre, and Silver.

To prepare Aqua fortis, they mix either Sand or Alum, or Vitriol, or the two laft together, with the Salt-Petre ; then diltill it by a violent Fire ; and catch the Fumes; which conder.fmg in the Receiver, are the Aqua fortis.

If feme of thofe. Matters be not added to the Nitre, it runs too readily, and thus prevents the Evaporation ; but when the Fufion is prevented, the parts of the Salt receiv- ing more violent Impreffions from the Fire, are converted into a volatile Spirir.

If to the Spirit of Nitre thus diftill'd, Sea-Salt or Sal- Ammoniac be added ; it commences Aqua Regia, and will no longer diffolve Silver, but Gold. See Aqua Regia.

Hence, to try whether or no Aqua fortis be pure ; put a Grain of a Solution of Silver in Aqua fortis, into a like Quantity of the Water in queftion : and if the Solution re- mains without either the Water's turning milky, or the Sil- ver precipitating, the Aqua fortis is pure.

Aqua fortis is commonly held to have been invented a- bout the Year 1 300 ; tho' others will have it to been known in the Time of Mofii.

Aqua fortis is a Liquor of various and extenfive Ufe. — ' It is very ufeful to Refiners for parting or feparating Silver from Gold and Copper. See Parting, Refining,

To the Workers in Mofaic, for ftaining and colour- ing their Woods. See Mosaic.

To Dyers in their Colours, and particularly Scarlet. See Dying, Colour, Scarlet, Ejc.

To other Artifts, for the colouring of Bone and Ivory ; which is done by fteeping the Matters therein, after firft ting- ing it with Copper, or Verdigreafe, £jc. — Some alfo turn it into Aqua Regia, by diffolving in it a fourth of its weigh' of Sal-Ammoniac, and then ftain therewith Ivory Hafts and Bones, of a fine purple Colour. There are, alfo, Boot- Binders, who throw it on Leather, and thereby make ruio

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