Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/162

 APP

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APP

longed, appertained, and been joined to fome other princi- pal thing.

Thus an Hofpital may be appendant to a Manor, a Com- mon ot Fifhing to a Freehold, i£c.

Appended Remedies, Appensa, fuch as are outwardly applied, by hanging about the Neck.

Such are divers Amulets, Necklaces, Phylacteries £iV. See Amulet.

The Word comes from the Latin ad, mi pendo, I hang to.

APPENDIX, or Appendage, a thing acceffory to, or dependant of, another. See Accessory, f£c.

The Term is chiefly ufed in matters of Literature, for an additional Difcourfc, placed at the end of any Piece, or Writing i to explain or profecute fomething there left defi- cient, or draw Conclufions therefrom in this fenfe the

Word coincides with Supplement. See Supplement.

Appendix, in Anatomy, is a parr, in fome meafure, detach'd from another part to which it adheres.

There are membranous Appendices of various Figures, in moil of the inner parts of the Body.

The Ctzcum is by ibme Writers call'd Appendix, or Ap- pcndicnla Vcrrmformis. See Coecum and Intestine.

Appendix is particularly ufed in the fame fcnfe with Epiphysis. See Epiphysis.

APPERT1NANCES, or Appurtenancies. See Appur tenancies.

APPETITE, Appetitus, Appetency, in Philofo- phy, a Deiire of enjoying fomething wanted j or a Compla- cency in the Enjoyment ot a thing prefent.

Some Philofophers define it more generally, a Paffion of the Soul whereby we defire fomething; or a Propcnfity or lmpulfe towards any thing apprehended as good. See Pas- sion, £5c.

The Schoolmen diflinguifh appetite into Voluntary and

Natural The fir ft is the Will itfelf, a3ing under a

competent Knowledge or Information of the thing in hand :

Such is the Appetite or Defire of being happy -The fe-

cond is a kind of Inllinct whereby we are mechanically driven to confult our own Prefervation. See Instinct, Will, Natural Inclination, i$c.

Natural Appetite is f'ubdivided into Concttpifciile and Jrafcible. See Concupiscence and Irascible.

The Word comes from the Latin Verb appetere, to de- lire, to covet ; form'd of ad, to, and ptto, I draw.

Appetite, in Medicine, coincides with what we more ufually call Hunger, or 'Lhirjl. See Hunger and Thirst.

A Lofs or Prortration of Appetite, is call'd Anorexia. See Anorexia.

An immoderate Appetite is call'd Bulimia, or Fames Ca- rina. See Bulimia.

Some, however, diflinguifh between the £»*«/./«, and Canine Appetite ; making it the diftinguifhing Character of the latter, that it is attended with a Lienlery, or other Cccliacal Flux. See Canine.

A preporterous Appetency of things not proper for Food, is call'd 'Pica. See Pica.

APPIAN Way, in Antiquity, Via Appia, a celebrated Road, leading from the 'porta Citpcna in Rome, to Srun- duftum, at the fartheft Eaftern Extremity of Italy. See Road and Via.

It took its Name from Appilts Claudius, by whom it was made, during his Ccnforlhip, in the Year of Rome 441. — It {till fubfifts in many places ; being paved, not with little Stones or Pebbles, like our Streets, but with large Flag- Stones, like the Pavements of our Churches.

APPLAUSE, properly fignifies an Approbation of fome thing witnefs'd by clapping the hands.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Applatifus, or Tlauftts, of the Verb plaudere, to clap.

The antient way of applauding by clapping the hands, is fcarce retain'd any where but in the Colleges and The- atres Such a Tragedy was acted with great Applaufe :

Such a Student maintain'd a Thefis with Apflaufe, (Sc. ice

ACCLAM ATION.

APPLE. See Fruit, Orchards iSc.

APPLICATE, Appicata, Ordinate Applicate, in Geometry, is a right Line drawn a-ci'ofs a Curve, fo as to biffeet the Diameter thereof. See Curve, Diameter,

&?.

Applicate is the fame with what we otherwife call Ordi- nate. See Ordinate.

APPLICATION, the Act of applying one thing to an- other, by approaching or bringing them nearer together.

Morion is defined by a fucceflive Application ot any thing to different parts of Space. See Motion.

The Application of a Veficatory to the Neck or other part, produces an Irritation of the Bladder.

The true and only Secret in Phyfick, is how to apply a Medicir.e, not how to make it.

Application is alfo ufed for the adjufting, accommo- dating, cr making a thing quadrate to another. See Ac-

COMMODA llONi

Thus we fay, the Application of a Fable, fSc. See Fa. ble.

Application, in Theology, is particularly ufed for the Ait whereby our Saviour transfers, or makes over to us, whar he had earned or purchafed by his holy Life, aru j Death.

'Tis by this Application of the Merits of Chrift, that we are to be juftified ; and entitled to Grace, and Glory. See Merit, i$c.

The Sacraments arc the ordinary Means, or Inflruments whereby this Application is effected. See Sacrament.

Application is fometimes alfo ufed in Geometry, f or whar in Arithmetick we call Ziivifton. See Division.

Application alfo fignifies the fitting or applying of one Quantity to another, whofe Areas, but not Figures, are the fame.

Thus Euclid fhews how to apply a Parallelogram to a ri«ht Line given, that fhall be equal to a right-lined Fi- gure given. See Apply. ° APPLY is ufed among Mathematicians three ways.

1. It fignifies to transfer a Line given into a Circle, mod commonly, or into any other Figure 5 fo as its .Ends be in the Perimeter of the Figure.

2. To apply denotes as much as to divide, efpecially a- mong the Latin Writers ; who, as rhey fay, due AB in CB, draw AB into CB, when they would have AB multiplied by CB ; or rather, when they would have a right-angled Parallelogram made of rhofe Lines : So they lay, appli- ca AB ad CB, apply AB to CB, when they would have

CB divided by AB ; which is thus expreffed, —.

-. It alfo fignifies to fit Quantities, whofe Areas are e- qual, but Figures different. See Application.

APPOINTEE, a Foot-Soldier, in the French Army, £?c. who for his long Service, and Bravery, receives Pay above private Sentinels. See Anspessade.

APPOINTMENT, a Penfion or Salary given by great Lords and Princes, to Perfons of Worth and Parrs 5 in or- der ro retain them in their Service. See Salary.

The Term is chiefly ufed among the French The

King of France gives large Appointments to feveral of the Officers in his Service.

Appointments differ from Wages, in that the latter are fixed and ordinary, being paid by the ordinary Treafurers; whereas Appointments are annual Gratifications granted by Brevet for a rime uncertain, and are paid our ot the Privy

1'urfe. APPORTIONMENT,AppoRTioNAMENTuM,inLaw,

a dividing of a Rent into two Parts or Portions, according as the Land whence it iffues, is divided among two, or more. See Rent, Division, Partition, £5c.

Thus if a Man, having a Rent-Service iffuing out of Land, purchafe a part of the Land ; the Rent (hall be ap- portioned, ace rding to the Value of rhe Land So if a

Man let Lands for Years, referving Rent 5 the Rent fhall be apportioned.

But a Rent Charge cannot be apportioned, nor Things that are entire ; as if one hold Land by Service, to pay to his Lord yearly at fuch a Feaft a Horfe or a Rofe ; rhcre, if the Lord purchafe a part of the Land, this Service is totally extincr ; becaufe fuch things cannot be divided with- out hurt to the whole.

Yet, in fome cafes, a Rent Charge fhall be apportioned: As, if a Man hath a Rent-Charge iffuing out of Land, and his' Father purchafeth a part of the Land charged in fee, and dies ; and this Parcel defcend to his Son, who hath the Rent-Charge : there the Charge fhall be apportioned according to the Value of the Land ; becaufe fuch Portion of the Land, purchafed by the Father, comes nor to the Son by his own Aft, but by Defcent, and Courfe of Law.

Common appendant is of common Right, and fevera- ble : And tho the Commoner, in fuch cafe, purchafe a Parcel of Land wherein the Common is appendant ; yet the Common lhall be apportioned. But in this cafe, Com- mon appurtenant, not appendant, becomes extincr by fuch Purchafe. Coke.

APPOSAL of Sheriffs, is the charging them with Mo- ney received on their account in the Exchequer, 22&23 Car. 2. A3 for better Recovery of Fines due to his Mtt-

jelly.

APPOSER, in Law. See Foreign Appofer.

APPOSITION, the Aft of putting or applying one thing to' another. See Application.

Apposition is ufed in Phyficks, with refpect to Bo- dies which derive their Growth from the Adjunction orU* nion of neighbouring Bodies. See Adjunction.

Moft Bodies of the foffil or mineral Kingdom, are form by Juxta-pofition, or the Apportion of Parts, brought to join <;nd adhere ro each other. See Accretion.

Apposition, in Grammar, is the putting two or more Subftarrtives together in the fame Cafe, and without any

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