Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/160

 5UR A.DLE

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APP (120) APP

derived from the Prepofition It* It is denominated great from the number or Inftruments ufe'd in it.

The f/tiall Apparatus, thus call d from the few Inflru- ments it requires, was invented fey Celfns Here, the

two Fore-Fingers are thrutt up the Fundament till they

The Word Apotheofis is and Ssoi, Devs, Gob ,._.

APOTOME in Mathematicks, the remainder or dirre rence of two inc'ommenfurable Quantities. See Incommen

--B

in Ape-tome is an irrational Refiduc, as C B, an- ting, when from a rationalLine AC.call d a, you cut off a rational part A B, calPd b, o.dy commenfurable

in power to the whole Line A L It may be exprei-

fed thus.fl — ■/b. . c

Apotome, in Mtifick, is the Part remaining of an

come againft the Stone, and drive it to the Neck of the

Bladder ; from which it is extracted thro an Incifion in p e _

r~in£0.

Apparatus is alfo ufed as the Title of feveral Bocks

compofed in form of Catalogues, or Dictionaries ; for the

Eafe and Conveniency of Study. The Apparatus upon Cicero, is a kind of Concordance, Collection of Ciceronian Fhrafes, %$c. The Apparatus

~ C entire Tone, after a greater Scmi-tonehas been taken

from it. See Tone, and Semi-tone.

" The Proportion, in numbers, ot the Apotome is, of =048 gjg^-^, pnntediBI( y„, j» three Volume.— <S«

'° TbJ'GMb d^dtH the greater Tone could not be faries, Comments, lie. are alfo frequently call'd Appara-

divided into two equal Parts ; for which reafon they called

Sacer of 'Pojfevinus, is a Collect ionof all kinds of Ecd it no

•;:; in this, imitating ab-

the firilpart i -1 mi, and the other Mftfc Tythago :as and 'Plato. ,

The Word h deriv'd from the Greek Verb <vmtm flindo, I cut off.

APOZE-iVi, in Medicine, a Form of Remedy, otherwile ciW'i iDecoiticn. SccDecoction.

A/'O-zems are a Clafs of liquid Medicines, compos 'd of De- coction, of divert Plants, Roots, Flowers, Leaves, Fruits, and Seeds, fceetned and clarified.

It differs from Syrup, in Thicknefs and Confidence; the Syruo being more dcnle and vilcous than the Apo&em. See Syrup.

It differs from a julep, in that it is thicker- and more vifcous ; and is not made with dillilPd Waters, as Juleps are. but only with Decoctions. Sec Julep.

There are purging Apozems, Cephalic Apozems, Hepatic Atoisms, &c.

The Word i; derived from the Greekiiv/js,, defervefco, I grow hor, 1 hcil.

APPANN-GE, Appenace, Appanace, or Apen- naoe, the Fortune of a King's younger Son : or a fettled

APPAREL, or Apfareil. See Apparatus.

APPARENT, that which is vifible, evident to the Eye, or the Underflanding. See Appearance.

Heir Apparent. Sec Heir Apparent.

Apparent Magnitude of an Objea, is the Magnitude thereof fuch as it appears to the Eye. See Magnitude.

The apparent or femhg Magnitude is meafured by the Optick Angle. See Optick *ngle. ,

Thus the apparent Magnitude of an Object is i.id to be fo many Degrees as the Optick or Vifual Angle fubteuds, See Ancle and Decree. .

The apparent Magnitudes of diftant Objects are ufually faid to be as their Diftanccs, reciprocally. Sec the Articles Visiiee and Vision.

I,.:flrictnefs, however, it may be demonstrated, that the«f- farent Magnitudes of the fame Objea AC, (Tab. Optics fig ci ) feen at different Diftances, viz. at the Places J) and B°- that is, the Angles ADC and ABC are in a Ratio lefs than the reciprocal Ratio of the Diftances DG and BG : but when the Objcit is very remote, viz. when the Op- tick Anples ADC, and ABC, are not above one or two
 * nearly in that Ratio reciprocally.

of Lands, ft. afligned to, the Subfiftence of the W^they are nea^ ^ ^^ rf .^ ^ ^

ui- any Planet, is the Quantity of the Angle that their Di- The younger Sons of England have no certain Af>«*> - »™«« s ™™ under - t0 an 0bfcner ° n ^ ^^ ° f **

Cad cts or younger Sons of a Sovereign prince. See K I ng ,

or any Planet, ameters appear under. ts ,n ftSSf" s'buV only wh it the good-pleafure of the Eanh ; ^ etets f the Celeftial Luminaries are

th firft and fecond Races of fubjeS .0 fome Diverfity— -That of the Sun is obfervel to be ieaft when he is in Cancer, and greateft when in U-

as in j King bellows upon 'em.

Even in France, during Kings the Right ot Primogeniture and Appanages were

£23 JbSSSSK^^xSS '*"' a " ^ M»n there is a twofold Increafe and Decreafe of

S!a Inconveniences arifing hence, it was at length her apparent Diameter 5 the one when fhc is 11 .heU fcumi proper to put off the youn, er born with Counties, junffion, and Uppofinon with the Sun ; and the other ,n kt

Dutchies.ir oiher-Diftrids ; on condition of their paying Homanc and Fealty ior the fame, and of their reverting in defect of H. irs Male, to the Crown.

This has happened accordingly to the firfl and fecond

Branch of the Dukes of Burgundy The Dutchy of

Orleans is the Afamage of the fecond Son of France.

Nicod and Menage derive the Word from the Latin fanis, Bread, which frequently includes all other forts of I'rovifi'on neceffary for Subfiftence. Z>« Cange takes it to have been form'dofthe bafe Latin, Apanars, Apanamen- tum. and Apanagnm, which amounts to the fame thing ; thofe Words, being apparently formed of fanis.

APPARATOR. See Apparitor.

APPARATUS, properly fignifies a formal Preparation for fomc publick and folemn Action. Sec Prepara-

TION. n r, • J

Thus we fay, the Apparatus of a Feaft, Coronation, £>c.

The Prince 'made his Entry with great Apparatus and Magnificence. -

Apparatus is alfo ufed for the Utenfils, and Appen- dages belonging to fome more considerable Machine

As" the Furniture or Apparatus of an Air-pump, Micro- fcope, iSc. See \iK-Tltmp, Microscope, SSc.

Apparatus is fomctimes alfo ufed, in Chirurgery, for the Bandages, Medicaments, and Dreffings of a Part; or the feveral Matters apply'd for the Cure of a Wound, Ulcer, Sec Moon or the like. See Wound, Ulcer, iSc

There is no judging of the Quality of a Hurt, till after taking off the firft Apparatus, or Apparel.

Apparatus is particularly ufed ior the Operation of cut- ting for the Stone. See Stone and Cutting.

There are three forts of Apparatus; viz. the Small, Great, and High Apparatus : Which fee defcribed under the Article Lithotomy.

The high Apparatus, faid to have been invented by Tie Franco is reouted the moft antient ; tho little ufed among

us till of late' In this Method an Incifion is made a-

bove the Groin, along the Linea Alba, into the Fund of the Bladder ; thro which the Sione is extracted.

Quadratures.

The greateft apparent Diameter of the Sun, according to Caffwi, is 52',, o", and the leaft 31', 38".— According to delaHire, the greateft is3a',43"j and the leaft 31,38'! The greateft apparent Diameter ot the Moon, ac- cording to Kepler, is 52', 44"; and ihe leaft 30', 00"— - u And according to de la Hire, the one is 33', 50''; and tho other 29', 30". See Sun and Moon.

The apparent Diameter of Saturn's Ring, according to Huygexs, is 1', t8", Vhen ieaft. See Saturn.

The apparent Isiameters of the other 'Planets, fee uniit the Article Diameter. .

If the Diftances of any two remote very Objects, for ex- ample, two Planets, be equal, their true Diameters ate proportional to the apparent ones; and if the apparent Diameters be equal, the true Diameters will be as the Di- ftanccs from the Eye Hence, when neither the Di- ftanccs nor the apparent Diameters are equal, the true Diameters will be in a Ratio compounded of the direct B.atio of the Diftances, and of the direct Ratio of therfj>- pareut Diameters.

There is a further very obfervable Difference between the apparent Magnitudes or Diameters of the Sun and Moon when in the Horizon, from what they are in the Meridian; the reafon whereof has long perplexed the Phiiofopners.


 * e Moon., ..

Apparent 'Place of any Object, in Opticks, is tnat wherein it appears, when feen thro' one or more Glanes. See Place, Optick Glafs. iZc.

The Apparent T>lace is different from the real one i ,or when by Reiraflion thro Glaffes, that parcel of R>?! which fall on the Pupil of the Eye, from each Point"' any near Objea, is made to flow as clofe Together as that which come's from a diftant one ; or when, by the fain means, the Rsys coming from diftant Objects are made diverge as much as if they flo_w'd from near ones r, tnen t

The great Apparatus, invented by John de Romanis, a Phyfician of Cremona, in the Year 1520; is perform 'd by making an Incifion in the Terimum. See Perineum.

Eye muft neceffarily fee the Place of the Object changi which Change is its Apparent 'Place. See Vision.

If an Object be placed nearer to a convex Gla»s than the Diftance of its Focus ; its Apparent "Place may t* termined : But if the Objea be in the Foes of the O the Locus Appareus of the Object cannot only that it will appear vaftly remote.

he "V

be dctermin^