Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/158

 APO

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APO

are to be added powerful Purgatives, Clyfters, lie. — i — Cupping and Scarrification on the Head, are commend- ed by fome in lieu of Venaifeflion.

The Difeafe fometimes degenerates into a Faralyfis.

Sometimes only half the Head is affefted; in which Cafe the Difeafe is called Hemiplegia. See Hemiplegia,^. The Word Apoplexy, comes from the Greek, *thh*Mhi', to ftrikeor aftonifh; this Diftemper ftriking fuddenly, and, as it were, like a Thunder-bolt. Apoplectic Kto% /qua ytpotleStca. See Water. APORE, Aporon, or Aporime, a Problem difficult to refolve, and which has never been refolved, tho' it be not, in itfelf, impoffible. See Problem.

Such we conceive the Quadrature of the Circle; the Duplicature of the Cube; the Trifecfion of an Angle, &e. See Quadrature, Duplicature, Trisection.Sjc.

The Word is derived from the Greek ime.iv, which figm- fics fomething very dinicult and impraaicable 5 being formed from the Privative a, and itias, Paffage. ■

Hence alfo the Word 'Pore, which is underftood of thofe imperceptible Paffages in Bodies, which make room for the Tranfpiration of Humours. See Pore.

When a Queftion was propofed to any of the Greek Phi- lofophers, efpecially of the SeS of Academifts; if he could not give a Solution, his Anfwer was hn&a, q. d. 1 do not conceive it, I cannot fee thro' it, I am not able to clear it up.

APORRHOE, Aforrhoes, in Philofbphy, fulphu- reous Effluvia or Exhalations, emitted from the Earth, and fubterraneous Bodies. See Vapour and Exhalation.

The Word is form'd from the Greek amfew, defltto, I flow from. See Mepeiites, &c.

APOSIOPESIS, in Rhctotic, otherwife called Reti- cency -, a Figure, by which a Perfon really fpeaks of a thing, at the fame time, that he makes a fhew as if he would fay nothing of it. See Reticency.

The Word comes from the Greek <Zotb»w», taceo, re- theo.

APOSTASY, a deferting or abandoning of the true Re- ligion. See Reneg ado.

Among the Romanics, it alfo fignifics fheforfaking of a religious Order, whereof a Man had made Proleffion; with- out a lawful Difpenfation. See Order, ££c.

The Antients diftinguifh'd three kinds of Afoflacy; the firft, a Supererogatione, is committed by a Prieft or Religious, who abandons his Proleffion, and returns to his Lay State; the fecond, a Mandatis Dei, by a Perlbn of any Condition, who abandons the Commands of God, tho' he retain his Faith; the third, a Fide, by him who not only abandons good Works, but alfo the Faith.

There is this difference betwixt an Apoflate, and an He- retic; that the latter only abandons a part of rhe Faith, whereas the former renounces the whole. Sec Heretic. Tho Word is borrow'd from the Latin yipoftatare, to de- fpifb or violate any thing. Hence

Apoftatare Leges, anciently fignified to tranfgrefs the L aws. ggi leges Apoftabit terra ft*, reusp apud Re- gem. L.L. Edw. Confeff.

The Latin Apoftatare, again, comes from the Greek u>, and «*/«, flo, I ftand.

APOST ATA Capiendo, a Writ which antiently lay againft one, who having enter'd and profefs'd fome Order ot Reli- oion; broke out again, and war.drcd the Country, contrary to the Rules of his Order. Sec Apostacy.

APOSTEME, Apostema, Apostume, in Medicine, a prerernatural Tumor; call'd alfo Jbfcefs and lmpoftbume. See Abscess and Imposthume.

The Word is form'd of the Greek a.Tn,<aum; which comes from the Verb awsuSa/, abfeedere, to depart from one place and fix in another; alluding to the manner wherein the Tumor is ufually form'd of a tranflated Humor. See De- rivation, Fluxion, Revulsion, &c.

APOSTLE, Apostolus, q. d. Envoy or MeJJ'enger; a Difciple of Jefus Chrift, commiflion'd by him to preach his Gofpel, and propagate it to all the Parts of the Earth. See Gospel.

St. Paul is frequently call'd the ylpoflle, by way of Emi- nence; and the Apoflle of the Gentiles, by reafon his Mini- ftry was chiefly made ufe of for the Converfion of the Gen-

tile World, as that of St. Peter was for they?-™.

Thefevetal ytpoftles are ufually reprefented with their re- fpeftive Badges or Attributes : St. 'Peter, with the Keys; St. Paul, with a Sword; St. Andrew, with a Crofs or Sal- teer; St. James minor, with a Fuller's Pole; St. John, with a Cup and a winged Serpent flying from it; St. Bar- tholomew, with a Knife; St. Philip, with a long Staff, whole upper End is form'd into a Crofs,; St. 'Thomas, with a Lance; St. Matthew, with a Hatchet; St. Matthias, with a Battle-Ax; St. James major, with a Pilgrim's Staff and a Gourd Bottle; St. Simon, with a Saw; and St. Thad- d&us, with a Club.

The Word /poftle, <ixo;m®-, originally fignifics a P er p ( delegated or pent; from the Verb jtTrossMey, mitto: In which Senfe it occurs in Herodotus, and other pronhane Author — « — Hence, in the New Teflament, the Term is apt,i; e 1 to divers forts of Delegates; and to the twelve Diiiipi^ by way of Eminence.

In this Senfe, certain falfe Preachers of the Gofpel an- tiently difputed Paul his Quality of ylpoflle; by reacj none but thofe who had feen Jefus, and been Witneffes f

his Actions, could be faid to be fent by him In anfwej

to thefe fophiftical Doctors, who had feduced the Churches of Galatia; he begins his Epiftle to 'em with thefe Words 'Paul an ylpoflle, not of Men nor by Man, but by y F fl' s Chrift and God the Father: By which he fignified that he had his Million immediately from God 5 and of conference was a true Ytpoflle.

The name ylpoflle was alfo attributed to the ordinary t ra.

veiling Minifters of the Church Thus St. Paul, j n

the Epiftle to the Romans, XVI. 7. fays, Salute slxdn- nictis andjunia, my Kinfmen and Fellow-Prifoners, «/jA», ylpoflelt,

q. d. Million. Thus St. Paul writing to \\KPhilippians,

telle .'em, that Epaphroditus their ylpoflle had miniftrea to his Wants, Chap. II. 25.

Apostle is alfo ufed for a Perfon who firfl planted the Chriftian Faith in any place, Thus St. Dionyjius of Corinth is called the ylpoflle of

France i St. Xavier the Apoflle of the Indies, gjf.

In the Eafl-Indies, the Jefuit Miffionaries are alfo call'd Apoflles. See Missionary, £5?c\

In fome Ages of the Church, the Pope was alfo denomi- nated Apoflle. See Sidtm. Apollin. Lib. VI. Ep. 4. See alfo Pope and Apostolical.

In the Greek Liturgy, Apostle is particularly ufed for the Epiftles of St. Paul, printed in the Order wherein they are

to be read in Churches, thro' the Cuurfe of the Year. .

Another Book of the like kind, containing the Gofpels, is

call'd tmfybwr, Gofpel The Apoflle, of late Days,

has alfo contained the other canonical Epiftlcs; the Acts of the Apoflles, and the Revelations. Hence it is alfo call'd, Alls of the Apoflles, n^a^csM©- 5 that being the firft Book in it. See Acts of the Apoflles.

Apostle is alfo ufed among the Jews, for a kind of Officer anciently fent into the feveral Parts and Provinces In their Juiifdiction, by way of Vifitor, or Commiffary; to fee that the Laws were duly obferved, and to receive the Monies collected for the Reparation of the Temple, and

the Tribute payable to the Romans The ■Theodoflmi

Code, Lib. XIV. 2>e Jud<eis, calls Apofloli, qui ad exigen- dum aumm atque argentum a Patriarcha certo 'tempore diriguntur. The Jews call'd 'em pppVltf. Sclielihbin, q. d. Envoys, Meflengers.

Julian the Apoftate remitted the Jews the sfpoflole,^- suxjt; that is, as he himfelf explains it, the Tribute they had been accuftom'd to fend him.

Thefe ^pojlles were a degree below the Officers of the Synagogues call'd Patriarchs, and received their Commif-

fions from 'em. Some Authors obferve, that St.?W

had bore this Office; and that 'tis this he alludes to in the beginning of the Epiftle to the Galatians: as if he had faid, Paul, no longer an ytpoflle of the Synagogue, nor fent theteby to maintain the Law of Mofes, but now an ytpoflle and Envoy of Jefus Chrift, &c. — -St. Jerom, tho' he does not believe that St. Paul had been an Jpoftle °' this kind; yet imagines that he alludes thereto, in the Paf- fage juft cited.

In the Arfenal of "Bremen there are twelve large Pieces of Cannon call'd the twelve Jpoflles; on a Supposition that the whole World mull be convinced, and acquicfee in the Preachings of fuch Jpofiles.

APOSTOLIC, Apostolical, Apostolicus, fome- thing that belongs to the Apoflles, or defcends from them- See Apostle.

Thus we fay the Apoftolical Age, Jpoftolical Doclr'me,

Apoflolical Charafler, Sgc. The Romanifls call their

Church, the Catholic and Apojlolic Church; and thus ap- propriate a Title to Rome, which anciently was held it common with it byfeveral other Churches.

In the Primitive Church, the Appellation Apojlolic «» s attributed to all fuch Churches as were founded by the Apoflles; and even to the Bifhops of thofe Churches, as be- ing the reputed Succeffors of the Apoflles. Thefe were

confined to four; viz. Rome, Alexandria, Antiecb, ana J 1 ' rufalem. ,.

In After-times other Churches affirmed rhe fame Quau^i on account, principally, of the Conformity of their Do8«"f