Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/157

 APO

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APO

another made by Riciiolus, in the Tear of Chrift 164.6, wherein it was found 7, 26', of S ; the annual Motion of the Apogee is found to be 1', 1".

Apogee of the Moon. See Moon.

Apogee of the Equant, is its fartheft Diftance from the Earth- or that Point where the Circumference of the E- quant is interfered by the Line oftheApfldes, in the remotcft part of the Diameter.

So the 'Perigee of the Equant is the oppofite Point, or the r.eareft part of the Diameter.

The mean Apogee of the Epicycle, is a Point where the Epicycle is cut above, by a right Line drawn from its Centre, to the Centre ot the Equant, cr the Point of the Epicycle moix remote from the Earth. See Epicy-

Thc Word is form'd of the Greek bm», ab, from 5 and <>« or j<*''*> Earth — In the corrupt Latin, Apogee fometimes Canities a Grotto, or fubterraneous Vault.

"APOGRAPH, Apograpiiom, a Copy orTranfcript of fome Book or Writing. See Copy.

In this fenfe the Word Hands oppofed to Autograph ; as a Copy to an Original. See Autograph.

It is form'd of tt-m, ab, from, and y<u<pa, fribo, I write.

APOLLINARISTS, Apollinarians, antient Here- tics, who denied that Jefus Chritt afi'umed true Elefh.

Apollinaris of Laodicea, their Leader, fancied 1 know r.ot what ifrange kind of Flefh, which he fuppofed to have

e'xifled from ail Eternity. He diftingulfli'd between the

Soul of Chrift, and what the Greeks call par, Underftand* ins ■ and from this Diftinctien took occalion to affcrt, that Chrift affumed a Soul without its Understanding, and that this Defect, was fupplied by the Word : tho' fome of his Followers held that Chritt had no Soul at all.

Apollinaris further taught, that the Souls of Men were

propagated by other Souls, as well as their Bodies The-

cdorct charges him with confounding the Perfons of the Godhead; and with giving into the Errors of Sebellius : and Sail accufes him ot abandoning the literal fenfe of Scripture, and taking up wholly with the allegorical

fenfe - ,,, •, ,,.

ThisHcrcfy was very fubti'e; it was condemn d in a

Synod at Alexandria, under St.Athanafuts, in the Year

-62. Ir was fubdivided into fevcral different Hcrefies, the

chief whereof were the Polsmians and the Antidicomaria-

nites. See Antidicomarianite.

Apollinarian Games, in Antiquity, Ludi Apollinares, were folemn Games held yearly by the Romans in honour of the Gi,d y polio. See Game.

The Tradition goes, that at the firft Celebration here- of, they were fuddenly invaded by the Enemy ; and obliged to take to their Arms : upon which occalion a Cloud of Darts and Arrows falling upon their Enemies, the Ro- mans icon rcturn'd Victors to their Sports.

APOLOGETiCAL, Apologetic, fomcthing faid, or •written by way of Excufe, or Apology for any Action, or Perfon. See Apology.

The Apologetic of Tertullian is a Work full of Strength and Spirit ; iuch as in all refpeas became the Character of

that Father He there vindicates the ChnlHans

from all that had been objected to them, particularly the abominable Crimes faid to be perpetrated at their Meetings, and their want of Love and Fidelity to their Country. ' The Grounds of this laft Accufation, was their 1- fufmgto take the accuttom'd Oaths, and fwear by the

tutelary Gods of the Empire Tertullian addrefles his

Apologetic to the Magittratcs of Rome; the Emperor Seve- rus being then abfent. _

APOLOGUE, Apologvs, a moral Fabie; or a tcign d Relation, intended to inform, and amend tho Manners. Sec Fable.

Such are the Fables of A 7 fop ; whence, moral Fables are ufually denominated JEfipic Fables.

r hl. Scali n er derives the Name a.™ hoyx, t.iyv, inafmuch as 'the Apologue means fomething more than what at firft fight it expreffes.

°Father de Colonia makes it effential to the Apologue, that it contain what pafl'es among Brutes ; and diltinguilte it from the 'Parable, by this, that the latter, tho' feign'd, SSient poflibly be true, which the former cannot; fince Beafts cannot {peak. Sec Parable.

Ai'OLCGY, Apologia, 'Defence; a Difcourfe or Wri- ting in vindication of a Perfon. See Defence, Viniuca-

TheWord is form'd of the Creek atraAJjM.ua/, I refute, 1 repel with Words.

APONEUROSIS, among Anatomifis, the fnreading or Expanuon of a "Serve, or Tendon, breadth-wife ; in man- lier of a Membrane. See Nerve and Tent-on.

It fometimes alfo {ignifies the cutting off 7 a Nerve or Ten- don And in fome Writers we 6nd it ufed lor a Ten- dun itfelf. See Tendon.

The Word is compounded of the Greek ura, ah from J and vivw, a Nerve.

APOPHLEGMATISMS, are Medicaments, chew'd, in order to draw away Phlegm, and Humours from the Head and Brain. See Masticatory.

Of this kind is Tobacco ; which is as excellent as any abating that it fpoils the Teeth 5 and Sago has almoft the fame Virtues without the fame Defects.

The Word comes from the Greek did and qxiypA. APOPHYGE, Apophyces, in Architecture, that part of a Column where it begins to fpring out of its Bafe, and ihoot upwards. Sec Column ai:d Base.

The Apophyge, in its Original, was no more, than the Ring or Ferril hereto ore tanen'd at the Extremities of wooden Fiilars, to keep them from fplitting ; which after- wards was imitated in Stone-work. Sec Order.

The Word in its original Greek fignifies Flight ; whence the French alfo call i: If cape, Conge, SSc. Sec Conge.

APOPHYSIS, in Anatomy, a Procefs or Protuberance of a Bone ; being a part eminent or jutting out beyond the reft. See Bone, Process, c5c\

Such are the Eminences o't the Vertebra, the Omoplate, Thigh-bone, cSr. -See Vertebrje, Omoplate, i$c.

Apophyses Mammillares, are the Beginnings of the ol- factory Nerves ; as far as the Os Cribrofum, where they divide into little Fibres, which pais thro thofe Bones, ana fpreed themfclvcs throughout the upper part of the Nofe. See Olfactory Nerve, Nose, S£g.

Apophysis Mamraillaris, or Majloideus, is alfo one of the external Eminences of the Os 'Petrofum. See Petro- sum.

The Word is Greek, and literally denotes a ProduSion outwards.

APOPLEXY, in Medicine, a fudden Privation of all the Senfes, and all the fenfible Motions of the Body, ex- cepting that of the Heart and Lungs ; attended with a great Depravation of the principal Faculties of the Soul- See Sensation, Motion, ti?r.

It -differs from a Cams, a Lethargy, and a Coma, in re- gard that in thofe three Diftempers, the Stupor is not fo profound, nor all Senfation quite deih-oy'd. See Carus, Lethargy, and Coma.

It differs from a Syncope, in that there is no fenfible Pulfe in this lafl: ; whereas in an Apoplexy, the Pulfe is perceptible almod till Death. See Syncope.

It differs from an Epilepfy, in regard all Motion is r.ot abolifh'd in that as in this : and it differs from the 'Palfy* inafmuch as the Paify is not attended with any Stupor, HOC does it deprive the Patient of Senfe and Perception. See Epilepsy and Palsy.

The Apoplexy may be occaficn'd by an Interruption of the Paffage of the Blood towards the Brain ; or by any thing that hinders the Influx of the animal Spirits into the Organs of Senfe, and the Parts of voluntary Motion: Some- times it is owing to an abundance of Phlegm, and fometimes to a vi r cid 'Pituita, wherewith the Brain is opprefs'd ; as is pbfervable in Winter Apoplexies, and in thofe of old Peo- ple. It fometimes alfo conies from too grofs a Lympha, which ttops up the Nerves; or a Plethora, which oppreffes them ; or Excrefcencies within-fide the Cranium, prefling the Veffels ; or a Polypus, blocking up the Carotids, c>c* See Br ain.

' In ditVccting Perfons dead hereof, clotted extravafatedi Blood is ufually found in one or both Ventricles of the Brain. Sec 'Philof.T"ranfa8. N° 17;, 515. &&■

Hipj cerates diuinguifh.es two kinds of Apoplexies, the one jirong, the other weak ; only differing in the greater, or lefs Difficulty of Refpiration.

The more modern Authors d ffcinguiih Apoplexies, from their Caufe, intoSavguineous and Pituitous\ to which may be added Lymphatic, 'Polypous, tic

The Pit is ufually preceded by a violent Pain in the Head, Dimnefs and Lofs of Sight or Memory : Sometimes by an universal Indolence ; and ibmetimes by a Flux of pi-

tuitous Matter by the Nofe and Mouth It is attended

with a fnoarihg and difficulty of breathing ; fometimes with a Fever, rarely with a foaming at the Mouth, frequently with a Sweat, Hemorrhoids, or Diarrhea ; and fo goes off.

To prevent an Apoplexy, Wine and hard Labour are to be avoided; no eating to excefs ; nor no fleeping aiter Din- ner : Exercife to be kept up, and Care and Chagrin to be kept under.

To cure ;--n Apoplexy. Medicines muft be ufed that occa- fion large Evacuations; and nothing of opiate oraftringent

meddled withal During the Fit, copious bleeding

in the Jugulars to be uiL-d, and the Patient laid on his back; applying firong Yolatiles to the Nofe ; blow up flrong Sternutatories, and rub the Temples with Cephalic

Mixtures A ho. Iron mav alfo be apply d near the

Vertex or Occiput ; an Epifpaft": to the Neck; to which 1 Hh ars