Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/154

 AP A

AORISTUS, Aorist,

C 114 )

APE

a Tenfe in the Qreek Gram.- third Day, till their Fathers had firft fwore that they wc ,

mar anfwering to the Pratter-perfect oi the Latin and thsir own Children ; and that till that time they were f u „ 6

BnzliJb- See Tense and Greek. pofed, in fome meafure, to be without Fathers, dnl„l~ As for inftance I lov'd you.

-The Greeks have two whence the Feaft, fay they, took its Name.

Xenophon, on the other hand, informs us, that the Rela- tions and Friends met on this occaiion, and join'd with the Fathers of the young People who were to be received into the Tribes ; and that from this Afl'embly the Feaft took its Name : that in 'Ara]ae<a, the a. far from being a Privative is a Conjunctive, and fignifies the fame thing with ou«, to! gefher.

APEPST, Afepsia, in Medicine, a want of Digefti on. Sec Dicestion.

Apepfia,. is a Defect in the Stomach, which prevents the Aliment taken in from affording a proper Chyle for fupply. ing the Blood and nourifhing the Body. See Food, Sio. mach. Chyle, Blood, Nutrition, ££c.

The Word is form'd from the privative Particle a, an j 57ST7&J, coquo, I boil, or concoct.

APERIENS, or Aperient, or Aperitive, in Medicine.. See Aperient.

Aortitis ; the Latins, none. SeePRETER and Preterit.

AORTd, in Anatomy, an Artery, which arifes imme- diately oat of the left Ventricle of the Heart ; and is di- stributed thence thro' all Parts of the Body. See Art eric and Heart.

The Aorta is ctherwife called the great Artery ; as be- ing the Trunk, out of which the other Arteries all fpring ; and the great Conduit or Canal whereby the Blood is con- vcy'd throughout the Body. See Blood and Circula- tion. , ._ ' The Word is form'd of the Greek iifln, whicn fignifies

a V'jj'e I, Chef, &c. The Aorta is di vided into two

grand Trunks, call'd the Afceuding and 'Defending ; Aorta, aliendensvfi&defiendens. See Ascending andDEScEND-

ING.

Oflifications, or Petrifactions of the Coats of the Aorta at its rife from the Heart, are fo frequent, that fome think

iraconftant Cafe. — Mr. Cooper, however, has an exprefs The Word is Latin; being the Participle of the Verb

Difcourfe to fhew that whenever fuch Offification happens in Aferire, to open i q. d. opening.

Man, it is a Difcafe. and incommodes the Part in the due Crocus Mctrtis Aperiens, opening Saffron of Iron, i sa

Execution of its Office. Of this he gives us feveral In- Preparation of Iron-Plates or Filings, made by expoling

ftances ; one, in which an Intermiffion of Pulfe was pro- them to the Rain or Dew, till they contrail a Ruit ; whicn

duced ; in another, a Coldnefs of the Extremes with a is the Medicine required. See Croi us and Mars. See

Gangrene, He. Thil.l'ranfaB. N° 199. alio Air, cifc. It isa goocV Apriem.

AONIDES, in Mythology. See Muse. Aperiens falpebram RcStts, m Anatomy, is a Mufcie,

APAGMA, aTermuedby fome Writers in Chirurgcry, which riling in the Orbit of the Eye, near r.ic entrance of

for the tbrufting of a Bone or other Part out of its proper the Optic Nerve; paflcs over the attollcnt Mufcie of the

place. See Dislocation. Eye, and is at laft inferred into the whole fuperior Part of

APAGOG1CAL 2}emonfiration, is fuch as does not the upper Eye-lid, which it ferves to open. See Eye and

prove the thing directly, but fhews the Impoffibility and Palpebra.

Abfutdity which ariles fkm denying it. See Demonstra- APERIENTS, or Aperitive Medicines, are fuch as

XKlN> openthe obftrucled Paffages of the fmall Veftels, Glands, and

Hence it is alfo cail'd, RedllBio ad impofflbile, or ad Pores; and by that means promote a due Circulation of the

ebfurdum. See Reduction and Absurdum. contained Juices. See Obstruction

APANNAGE, Apennage, or Appannace. See Gland, Circulation, &c. Appanage. Aperknts, then, coincide with Deobftruents,

APELLlTiE, Hereticks in the Primitive Church, who obstp.ue.nt.

Capillary., See De-

taught that Chriit left his Body diffolved in the Air ; and fo afcended into Heaven without it.

APARTMENT, a Portion of a large Houfe, wherein a Perfon may lodge feparatcly ; having 'all the Convenien- ces requifite to make a compleat Habitation. See House, tic.

A compleat Apartment mufi confift at leaft of a Cr.ara- ber, an Antichamber, and a Cabinet or Wardrobe. See Chamber, Antichamber, c5£-

The Word comes from the Latin Jpartimentvm, of the Verb partiri, to divide.

APATHy, a mora! iafenfibility ; or a Privation o 1 all Paffion, all Motion, or Perturbation of Mind. See Pas- sion. 1

The Stoicks affefled an entire Apathy: their wife Man was to enjoy a perfect. Calmnefs or Tranquillity of Mind, incapable of being ruffled, and above the reach of any Scnfe cither of pleafure or Pain. See Stoicrs, Plea-

The five leffer Aperient, or opening Seeds, are Grafs,

Madder, Eryngo, Capers and Cammock. The greater

opening Seeds are Smallage, Fennel, Afparagus, Parfly, and Butcher's Broom.

APERTIONS, in Architecture, are the Openings in a Building; as Doors, Windows, Stair-cafes, Chimneys, Out- lets and Inlets for Light, Smoke, &C. See Building. See alfo Door, Window, &c.

The Apertions Ihould be as few as may be ; it being a Rule that all Openings are Weakenings.

APERTURE, Apertura, the Opening of any thing; or a Hole, Cleft, or vacant Place in fome otherwife folid, or continuous Subject. See Opening.

The Word comes from the Latin Aperttira, of Aperiri, to open.

In Geometry, Aperture is ufed for the Space left between two Lines which mutually incline towards each other to form an Angle. See Angle.

In Optics, Apertzire

the Hole next the Obiect-Glafs

sure and Pain.

The Word is form'd of the privative Particle a, and to- of a Telefcope, or Microfcope ; thro which the Light and

8« Paffion. Image of the ObjecT: come into the Tube, and are thence

In the firft Ages of the Church the Chriftians adopted carried to the Eye. See Object-Glass. the Term Apathy, to exprefs a Contempt of all earthly Aperture is alfo underitood of the Part of the Object- Concerns; a State of Mortification, fuch as the Gofpel Glafs itfelf, which covers rhe former, and which is left per- prefcribes. And hence we find the Word often ufed among vious to the Rays. See Telescope. _

the devouter Writers : Clemens Alexandritms, in particular, A great deal depends on having a juft Aperture. 1

brought it exceedingly in vogue ; thinking hereby to draw To find it experimentally ; apply feveral Circles of black

the Philofophers to Chriitianity, who afpired after fuch a finutted Paper, each bigger than other, upon the Face

fublime nitch of Virtue. of the Giafs, from the Magnitude of a Pea to the whole

Quicii'fin, is only Apathy iiifgvi&i under the appearance Extent of the Glafs ; and with each of thefe, fcparately,

of Devotion. See Quietism. view feveral diftant Objects ; as the Moon, Stars, iSC.

APATURIA, in Antiquity, Feafls celebrated by the That thro' which they appear the moft diftinctly, is to be

Athenians in honour of 'Bacchus. Sec Feast. pitch'd upon.

The Word is derived from the Greek a-'mra, Fraud. M. Auzout affirms, that he found that the Apertures o\

Itisfaid to have been inftituted in memory of a fraudu- Telefcopes ought to be nearly in the fubduplicate Ratio

lent Viftcry, obtam'A by Melanthus TLlng of Athens, over of their Lengths: But Huygens, who firft introduced

Xanthus, King of Seotia, in a fingle Combat, which they the Ufe of Apertures, affures us he found by experience,

agreed upon, to put an end to a Debate between 'em rcla- that the Aperture of an Objeel-Glafs, Ji.gr. of 30 Foot, is

ting to the Frontiers of their Countries. Hence Su- to be determined by this Proportion : as 30 to 3, that is,

daeus calls it Fcftwn ISeceptionis, the Feaft of Deceit. as 10 to 1, fo is the Root of the Diftance of the Focus ot

This Feaft laftcd four Days : The firft Day, thofe of any Glafs multipiy'd by 50, to its Aperture : and the local

the fame Tribe made merry together ; and this they call'd Diftanccs of the Eye-Glafles are to be proportional to the

Aoe-w* The fecond Day, which they call'd 'Ap$p«rff, Apertures.

A 'table of Apertures for telefcopes of various LettgttS)

they facrificed to Jupiter and Minerva. The third Day, which they call'd Kbsmhw, fuch of their young Men and Maids as were of Age, were admitted into their Tribes. The fourth Day they call'd ? EotS<&.

.Other Authors give a different Etymology of this Feaft, from what we have now related : They tell us. that the young Athenians were not admitted into the Tribes on the

Jtfc. See under the Article Telescope.

The greater or lefs Aperture of an Objefl-Glafs, it is "> be noted, does not increafe or diminiih the vifible Area 01 the Objefl ; all that is effected by this, is the admittance of more or lefs Rays, and confequently the more br.'gn tor obfeure Appearance of the Object.

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