Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/152

 ANT

( 112. )

ANT

he Mem. tie Prevoux i having been maae me 01, it ns, by fomc Perfons, to (hew that the Church has been
 * akcn in its Decifions The only Account extant of

AgaTn, as the Horizon of any place is oo° diftant from the Zenith thereof; Antipodes have the fame Horizon. See

Horizon. And hence, when the Sun rifes to one, he

fets to the other. See Rising and Setting.

The Word comes from the Greek irV, againft, and w, wh'J^®-, a Foot.

•Plato is &id to have firft flatted the Notion of An- tipodes; and likewife to have given them the Name: As he conceiv'd the Earth to be ol a fphencal Figure, it was cafy for him to infer that thete mull be Antipodes. See Earth. ,

Many of the Anrients, and particularly LattaittlUS and 'Au\uftin, laugh'd at the Notion. _

The latter of thofe Fathers is out of his wits to think how Men and Trees fhould hang pendulous in the Air, their Feet uppermoft ; as they muft do in the othet Hcmi-

And if we may believe Aventine, Boniface Archbifhop of Menta and Legate of Pope Zachary, in the eighth Cen- tury, declared a Bifhop of that Time, called Virgilius, a Heretick, for maintaining that there was filch a thing as Antipodes.

But this Piece of Hiftory is controverted by the Authors of the Mem. de Prevoux ; having been made ufe of, it fee:

miftakc. .

the matter, upon which the Tradition is founded, is a Let- ter of Pope Zachary to "Boniface ; wherein he fays, " It it " be proved that he maintain that there is another World, " and other Men under the Earth; another Sun, and an- " other Moon; expel him the Church, in a Council ; after «' firft diverting him of the Priefthood, &c." The Au- thors above-cited endeavour to prove that this Threatening was never executed ; and that "Boniface and Virgilius af- terwards lived together in good Undcrllanding ; and that Virgilius was even canonized by the fame Pope. Mem. de Trev. an 1708.

They further affert, that were the Story true ; the 1 ope had done nothing contrary to Truth and Equity: in re- gard the Notion of Antipodes was very different in thofe

days, from what it is now " For befides the Demonflra-

" tibns of the Mathematicians, fay they, the Philofophers " too added their Conjeflurcs ; and aflerted that the Sea " made two great Circles around the Earth, which divided " it into four parts ; that the vafl Extent of this Ocean, " and the burning Heats of the torrid Zone, prevented any " Communication between thofe four parts of the Earth, " fo that Men could not be of the fame Kind, nor proceed " from the fame Original : and this," fay cur Authors, " was what was meant by the Word Antipodes in thofe " Times."

As to the Sentiments of the Primitive Chriftians with re"ard to Antipodes ; ibme, rather than admit the Conclu- fions of the Philofophers, abfolutely denied the whole, even the Demonllrations of the Geometricians relating to the Sphericity of the Earth : which is Laftantius's way, Inftit. lib. iii. c'24. Others only call'd in queftion the Conjec- tures of the Philofophers: which is St. Auguftin's Method, de Cmit. "Dei, lib. xvi. c. 9. After putting the Que- flion, whether there ever were Nations of Cyclops, or Pig- mies' or of People whofe Feet flood outward, Sic. he comes to the point of Jntifodes, and asks, " whether the

" lower part of our Earth be inhabited by Antipodes"

He made no doubt of the Earth's being round, nor of there being a part diametrically oppofite to ours ; but only difputes its being really inhabited. And the Confidera- tions'he fuggefts for that purpofe are juft enough : As, That they who aflerted Antipodes, had no Hiflory for it ; That the lower part of the Earth may be cover'd with Wa- ter ; and that to place Jntifodes there, of a different Ori- gin from us, (as muff have been the Opinion of the An- rients, fince they thought it impoflible to go from our World to theirs ;) is to contradict Scripture, which teaches

that the whole Race defcended from one Man Such is

the Sentiment of that Critic.

It may be added, that the Chriflian Fathers were not the only Perfons who difputed the Truth of Antipodes. Lucretius had done it before them at the end of his firft Book, v. 10, <?;, tic. See alfo 'Plutarch, lib. de Facie in OrbeLunte; and Pliny, who refutes the Opinion, lib. ii.

dicament.
 * " ANTIPR.&DICAMENTS, in Logic. See Antepre-

ANTIPTOSIS, a Figute in Grammar, whereby one Cafe is put for another. See Case.

The Word comes from the Greek dtli, fro, and *s\uat,

ANTIQUARY, Antiquarius, a Perfon who ftudics and fearches after Monuments and Remains of the An- tients ; as, old Medals, old Books, old Statues, Sculptures, and Infcri prions, and, in general, all curious Pieces that may afford any light into Antiquity. See Antiojhty.

See alfo Monument, Medal, Inscription, Sculp, ture, Statue, £i?c-

Formerly there were fevcral other kinds of Antiquaries The Librarii, or Copifts, i.e. thofe who tranferibed in tajr legible Characters what had been before written in Notes

were called by this Name. See Librarii They were

alfo denominated Calligraphi.

In the chief Cities of Greece and Italy, there were othet Perfons of Diffinflion, called Antiquaries, whofe bufinefs it was to fliew Strangers the Antiquities of the Place, to explain the antient Infcriptions, and to give them all the afli fiance they could in this way of Learning.

This was doubtlefs a very curious and ufeful Inftitution;

and might well deferve to be re-eftablifli'd— Paufanim

calls thefe Antiquaries "l-fvyims ; the Sicilians call'd 'e m Myfiagogos.

ANTIQUATED, Antiqjiatus, fomething obfolete, or grown out of date, or ufe. See Obsolete.

ANTIQUE, Antiquus, fomething that is antient. See Antient.

The Term is chiefly ufed by Architects, Sculptors, and Painters ; who apply it to fuch pieces of Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, £$c. as were made at the time when the Arts were in their greateft perfection, among the an- tient Greeks and Romans, viz,, from the Age of Alexander the Great to the time of the Emperor Phocas, when Italy became over-run by the Goths and Vandals.

In this fenfe the Word flands oppofed to Modern. See Modern.

Thus we fay, an antique Building, or a Building after the Antique ; an antique Butt, or Bas Relievo ; the an- tique Manner, Tafte, SSc.

Antique is fometimes even contradiftinguifh'd from irn- tieut, which denotes a leffer degree of Antiquity, when the Art was not in its utmoft Purity : Thus, antique Ar- chitecture is frequently diftinguifh'd from antient Archi- tecture. See Architecture.

Some Writers ufe the Compound Antiquo-modern, in re- fpect of old Gothic Churches and other Buildings ; to 8i- ftinguifh them from thofe of rhe Greeks and Romans, Antiojie Work. See Antic Work. ANTIQUITY, Antiquitas, antient Days ; or the Times pafl long ago. See Age, Time, Antique, An- tient, ci^c.

Thus we fay, the Hetoes of Antiquity, the Marks of Antiquity, lie.

Antiquity is alfo ufed in refpeel of the Remains, or Monuments of the Antienls. See Monument, Remains, Ruins, ifc.

Thus we fay, the Antiquities of Greece, the ffeixifh An- tiquities, Roman Antiquities, lie. The Cfrinefe are

infinite Admirers of Antiquity.

AKTISCII, or Antoeci, in Geography, the People who inhabit on different fides of the Equator; and who, of confequence, at Noon, have their Shadows projected oppo- fite ways. See Shadow.

The People of the North are Antifcii to thofe of the South ; the one projecting their Shadows, at Noon, towards the North Pole, and the others towards the South Pole.

Antifcii are frequently confounded with Antoeci, who inhabiting oppofite fides of the Equator, have the fatneE- levation of Pole. See Antoeci.

The Antifcii Hand contradiftinguifh'd from Perifcii, &• See Periscii.

Antiscii are fometimes alfo ufed among Aftrologers, for two Points of the Heavens equally diflant from the Tro- pics — Thus the Signs Leo and "Taunts are held Antifcii t° each other.

The Word comes from the Greek dv-n, againft, and <rw«, Shadow.

ANTISCORBUTICKS, Remedies againft theScorbutlll or Scurvy. See Scorbutus. See alfo Detergent. ANTI-SFODIUM. See Si-odium. ANTI-S1GMA, a Mark in rhe antient Writings, when the Order of the Verfes is to be changed.

ANTISPASTUS, in the antient Poetry, a Foot in Verfe, having the firft Syllable fhort, the fecond and third long, and the fourth fhort. See Foot and Verse.

ANTISTIT1UM, a Term ufed in antient Hiftories. for a Monajlery. See Monastery.

ANTISTROPHE, a Figure in Grammar, whereby two Terms or Things mutually dependent one on another, are reciprocally converted. See Figure and Conversion.

As, if one fhould fay, the Mafter of the Servant, and the Servant of the Mafler.

Antistrophe was alfo a kind of Dance in ufe among the Antients; wherein they flepped fometimes to the Right, and fometimes to the Left, fiill doubling their Turns or Converfions. See Dance. ■ The Motion towards the Left, they called Antiftropk > from £(]], againft, and rjsjo, of rfi?«', I turn. See Stro- phe Hence

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