Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/150

 ANT

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ANT

thecary's Shop : It will anfwer the Phyfician's Intention whether he wants to employ a Cathartic, or an Emetic, a Diuretic, Diaphoretic, Deobflruent, Bezoardic, Cordial,

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Regains of Antimony, or Fnrification of Antimony.

See Kec ulus of Antimony.

Of this are made the •iilluU ferpetu£, Vinum Emeti- cum, &c. See Pi ll ur-re 'Perpetuus, Emetic Wine,iSc.

Glafs of Antimony, Vitrum sntimonii, is crude Anti- n.ony ground and calcined by a vehement Fire, in an earthen Crucible; till it ceafe to fume, which is a Proof that its Sulphur is evaporated. The Calx is then vi- trified jn a Wind Furnace ; upon which it becomes tranfpa- rent, ruddy, and firming. See Glass.

Thi s is the ftrongeft 'Emetic of any Preparation of Jn-

timoiiy. See Emetic. iet, if diflolved in Spirit of

Urin e, it ceafes to be either Emetic, or Cathartic 5 even tho' the Mcnilruum be drawn from it.

Flowers of Antimony, is Antimony pulverized, and fublimed in an Aludel ; the volatile Parts whereof iLick to the fubliming Pot. See Flower and Sublimation.

This is alfo a powerful Vomitive ; of Angular Efficacy in maniac Cafes; being the Herculean Remedy by which fome have gain'd fo much Reputation.

Another i'ort of Flowers arc made of the Regulus of An- timony with Sal- Ammoniac fublimed as before ; which make

a Remedy fomewhat gentler than the former. Hclmont

alfo gives us a Preparation ox purging Flowers of Antimo- ny- See Diaphoretic Antimony.

"Butter of Antimony, is a white, gummous Liquor; otherwife cali'd Icy Oil of Antimony. It is ufually prepared of crude (tho' fomctimes of Rcgulusof) Antimony, and cor- rofive Sublimate, by pulverizing, mixing, and dilfilling 'em by a gentle Heat : upon which the Butter rifes into the Neck of the Retort ; from which, when full, it is to be melted down into the Receiver, by the Application of live

Coals. . r r

It is of a very fiery, corrofive Nature, 10 as to be a^: oilon when ufed internally. Externally it is applied as a Cauttic, to flop Gangrenes, cure Caries's, Cancers, %Zc. See Cau-

This Butter may be converted into an Oil, called alfo reffijied Butter of Antimony ; by gently diliilling it a fe- condtime; which renders it more fluid, fubtile, volatile,

and efficacious. This digeftcd with thrice its Weight

of Alcohol, makes the purple P'mBure of Antimony, a Se- cret highly valued by Mr. Boyle, as an excellent Vomit.

The°fame Putter precipitates, by watm Water, into a white, ponderous Powder, or Calx, cali'd Mercttruis Vite, and Powder of A/garot ; reputed a violent Emetic.

Of Butter of antimony is alio prepared the Bezoar Mi- neral ; by diffolving the re:tirLo Butter with Spirit of Nitre ; then drying the Solution, and applying more Spi- rit of Nitre ; and repeating this a third time. The white Powder remaining at laft, kept neatly red-hot for half an Hour, is the Bezoardicum Mineral. See Bezoar.

Cinnabar of Antimony, is prepared of Mercury, Sul- phur and Antimony mixed and fublimed in a luted Holt- head' and a naked Fire. It is a good Diaphoretic and

Alterative. See Cinnabar.

There is alfo a Cinnabar of Antimony procured after the Butter of Antimony has done riling, by increafing the De- gree of Fire. This fublimed a fecond time, makes a

yet better Cinnabar.

Croats, or Liver of Antimony, is the fame with what we otherwife call Crocus Metallorum ; excepting that this latter is more mild and lefs emetic ; being made by re- peated Lotions of the former, in warm Water, and then drying it again to a Powder. See Crocds Metallorum.

It 'is alfo cali'd -Terra SanQa Rulandi, "terra Aurea, Terra Rubra, &c. _.

Diaphoretic Antimony, is prepared of Antimony pow- dcr'd and mixed with three times the Quantity of Nitre ; and the Mixture thrown at feveral times into an ignited Crucible : upon which, a Detonation enfues. What remains being kept in Fufion a quarter of an Hour, turns into a white Mafs cali'd Antimonium Tliaphoreticum Nitratum, or Diaphoretic Antimony with Nitre ; being hereby be- reaved of its emetic and purgative Virtue, and rendred only Diaphoretic. SeeDi aphoretic.

If the Air can have Accefs to it, it will again become emetic. See Air.

There is alfo a kind of fweet Diaphoretic Antimony ; made of the former, by pulverizing, boiling it in Water, and filtrating the Decoction : Upon which, a white Powder will be left in the Filtre ; which being warned by repeated Effufions of warm Water, and dried, is the dulcified or

common Diaphoretic Antimony. This is given as an

Alexipharmic in malignant Fevers, SmallPox, ffi'c. parti- cularly in cafe of Deliriums. It is alfo applied in fcorbu- tic and venereal Diforders : Though the learned Boer-

haave abfolutely decries it, as a mere metalline Calx, deft; tute of all medicinal Virtue, and only fit to load and choak up the Body, by its Inactivity and Weight.

Diaphoretic Nitre of Antimony, is made by exhaling the Solution of the preceding Preparation over a gentle Fire to a dtynefs ; upon which, there remains a Salt coin, pofed of Nitre, and the Sulphur of rhe Antimony, cali'd

Nitrum Antimoniatum. It is no other than a fort of

Sal Prunell<£, or Sal Tolychreftum ; and accordingly ; 5 found aperitive, cooling, diuretic; good in inflammatory Fevers, (£c. Sea Prunellje and Polychrest.

Golden Sulphur of Antimony, is made of the Scoria which arifes in preparing the Regulus ; by boiling it, fii. trating the hot Decoction, and adding diftill'd Vinegar;. Upon which the whole coagulates, changes into a btown Colour, emits a ftercoraceous Odor, and precipitates a red Powder. The whole Mafs being wafh'd by repeated Af- fufions of Water, till the Liquor come away fcentlefs and infipid, and then dried, it becomes a red Powder, called the Golden Sulphur, or 'Precipitate of Antimony ; either on account of its own Colour, or the yellow one it gives to

Glafs, Metals, He. It either proves emetic, cathartic,

diuretic, or fudorific, as its Force happens to be determined. See Purgative.

Cerufs, or Calx of Antimony, is the Regulus difljiled with Spirit of Nitre, in a Sand-Furnace ; whar remains af- ter the Fumes are all fpent, is a white Powder ; which be- ing wafh'd fweet, is the Cerufs required. Ir is diapho- retic ; and by many fet on a footing with the Mineral Be- zoard.

Magiftery of A.ntimony, is crude Antimony digeftcd with Aqua Regia eight or ten Days; to which, Water is then put, but pour'd off again e'er it fettle : This to be repeated till there remain nothing behind but a ycllowilh Powder ; which, being fuffer'd to fettle, and the Water de- canted off, becomes by repeated Ablutions, an infipid Ma- snfrcry. See Mag istery.

Its Operation is rather cathartic than emetic, tho' fomc- times fudorific.

Antimony revivified, Antimonium refufcitatum, is pre- pared of Flowers of Antimony and Sal-Ammoniac, digefted in diftill'd Vinegar ; then exhaled, and the remainder

fweetned by Ablution. It is emetic, and fometimes alfo

fudorific ; good in Maniacal Cafes, $$c.

All thefe Preparations of Antimony, how fevere foever alone, may yet be fo managed, as to opetate little or no- thing at all in the 'Primd? Vi<e, nor be perceived till they

ate got into the fmalleff Veffels And then it is they

are qualified to combat the Gout, Pox, Evil, &c. See

PuRG ATIVES.

ANTINOMASY, or rather Antonomasy, a Figure in Rhetoric, whereby a Noun Appellative is ufed inflead of a proper Name. See Figure and Name.

Thus we fay, the Philofopher, inflead of Ariftotle, the

Orator, for Cicero ; the Apofile, for St. 'Paul, &c.

Thus alfo we call a voluptuous Petfon, a Sardanapalus, &c. And thus we fay Henry the Great, meaning Henry IV. of France.

The Word is compounded of the Greek dm for, and ovm*, Name.

ANTINOMY, Antinomia, a Contradiction between two Laws, or two Articles of the fame Law. See Law.

The Word fometimes alfo fignifies an Oppofition to all Law ; whence a Secf: of Enthufiafts, who are for carrying Gofpel- Liberty above all moral Regards, and flight the Motives of Virtue as infufficient to Salvation, are called M- tinomians.

The Word is derived from the Greek iv-n, contra, and fop?. Lex, Law.

ANT1NOUS, in Aftronomy, a Part of the Conftella- tion Aquila, or the Eagle. See Eagle.

ANT1PAGMENTS, Autipagmenta. See Antepag-

MENT A.

ANTIPATHY, Antipathia, a natural Enmity, or

Averfion of one Body ro another. In this Senfe, the

Word Hands oppofed to Sympathy. See Sympathy.

Such is commonly faid to be between the Salamander and the Tortoife, the Vine and the Elm, the Toad and rhe Weezel, the Sheep and the Wolf, the Olive and the Oak,

Merfenne, in his Qittffl. Comment, in Genef. gives other more extraordinary Inflances ; as, that a Drum made of a Wolf-Skin, will break another made of a Sheep-Skin: That Hens will fly at the Sound of a Harp ftrung wirh Fox-Gut Strings, (gc. See other Matters relating to this Head, Mite? the Articles Sound, Musick, Tone, Tarantula,

gfc. ..

Mr. Boyle mentions " a Lady, who having a ffrange M-

" tipathy to Honey ; and her Phyfician conceiving it m

" great meafure imaginary, mixed a little Honey in a Me-

" dicine applied to her Foot : But he foon repented his

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