Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/148

 ANT

Worms ; Antaphroditicks, againft Luft ; Anti-eplepicks, againft the Falling Sicknefs, gJc.

ANTI in matters of Literature, are Pieces written by way of Anfwer, to others, whofe Names are ufually an- nex'd to the Atlti. ,, , . _ .„ e ..

See thenar/' of M Saillet; and the Anti-Saillet ot M. Menage. There are alfo Anti-Menagiana, &c.

CWir the Dictator wrote two Books by way or Anlvrer to what had been objected to him by Cato ; which he call'd Anti-Catones ; mentioned by Juvenal, Cicero, &c. —Vives allures us, he had feen CV/Sr's Anti-catones in an antient Library. . ,

ANTIADES, a Term ufed by fome Writers tor the Glandules, and Kernels, more commonly called Tonflls and Almonds of the Ears. See Tonsil, Almond, and Amygdala, Sic.

ANTIADIAPHORISTS, Antiadiaphoristje, thole oDPoflte to the Adiaihyrip- See Adiaphorist.

This Name was given, in the XVIth Century.to the rigid Lutherans, who diiavow'd the Efpifcopal Jurifdiaion, and many of the Church. Ceremonies, retain'd by the Moderate Lutherans. See Lutheran.

The Word is compounded of the Greek <■('<, indifferent.

ANTIBACCHIC, Antibacchius, in the antient Poe- try a Foot, confilting of three Syllables ; the two firl 1 whereof are long, and the third fliort. See Foot. Such are the Words cantare, virtute.

It is fo called as being contrary to the Bacchic, the nrlt Syllable whereof is ftiorr, and the two laft long ; as egejtas. See Bacchic. _ .,

ANTICARDIUM, >" Anatomy, tgc. that .1 art of the Breaftjuft againft the Heart, commonly called the Pit ot the Stomach . ■„ ,

The Word is compounded of arar, coswa againft, and viq^ici: Cor, Heart. f ,

AN^i IHHJESIS in the Civil Law, a covenant or Con- vention, whereby a Perfon borrowing Money of anotner en- Eapes, or makes over his Lands to the Creditor with .he Ufe a»d Occupation thereof, for the lntereft of the Money

le This Covenant was allowed of by the Romans; among whom Ufurv was prohibited : It was afterwards call d Mortme, t'o diftinguifri it from a Ample Engagement where the Fruits of the Ground were not alienated, which was call'd Pifzaee. See Mort-gage.

ANTICHTHONES, in Geography, are thofe People who inhabit Countries oppofite to each other. _

The Word is Compounded of a.n, contra, and x&»',

The Term Antichtbones is now ufed in the fame Senfe with Antipodes i but the Antients ufed it in a different ™ —They confider'd the Earth as divided, by the E- qua'tor into two Hemifpheres, the Northern and Southern; and all thofe who inhabited one of thefe Hemifpheres were reputed Antichtbones to thofe of the other. In this Senfe the Word is ufed by Mela and othai antient Authors. See Antipodes.

ANTICKS, AnticvVvork. See Antique.

ANTICIPATION, the Aft of doing a Thing before the time.— Such a Debt was not yet become due ; He An- ticipated the time of Payment.

ANTICIPATION, in Philofophy. See Prjenotion.

ANTICOR Anticoedr orAKTOcozvnfirAvantCaur, among Farriers, is ufually defcribed as a preternatural Swel- ling of the Size and Figure of an Apple, occafioned by a fanguine and bilious Humour ; and appearing in theHorle s Breaft oppofite to his Heart.

A late Author affirms, that the generality of Writers on that SubieB have been miftaken as to this Dlfeafe ; attri- buting it to the Heart, whence it is by Solleyfell, called the Sveliim of the 'Pericardium; whereas it is really anlnUam- ntation in the Gullet, and Throar ; and the fame that m human Bodies, is called the Angina, or Squinancy

ANTIDACTYLUS in Poetry, a Foot in Verie, con- tralto zDaclrl ; confifting of three Syllables, whereof the firft two are jlorr, and the laft long. See Dactyl.

ANTIDATE a fpurious Date, prior to the true Date of a Writing Inftrument, A3, Deed, or the like. See

ANTIDICOMARIANITES, or Antidiacomari- anistes, antient Hereticks, who pretended that the Holy Virgin had not preferved her Virginity, but that file had feveral Children by Jofipo. See Virgin

Their Opinion was grounded on fome Expreihons ot our Saviour, wherein he mentioned his Brothers and his Sifters. —The 'jfytidiamarianites.wae the Difciples of Helvidms and Jovinian, who appeared in Rome toward the clofe of the IVth Century. ,

• ANTIDILUVIAN, fomething before the Deluge. See

Deluge.

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ANT

In this Senfe, thofe Generations from Adam,. till NoahU Flood, are called Antidiluvians, and thofe fince defcended from Noah, to the prefent time, are called 'Pofldiluvians. See Age, Patriarch, &c.'

Dt.Bnrnet, and Dr. Woodward Aittavaty widely about the Antidiluvian World ; the former imagines its Face and Appearance to have beenfmcoth, equable, and in all re', fpects different from what we now find them to be.

The latter on the contrary endeavours to prove, that the Face of the terraqueous Globe before the Deluge was the fame as it is now, viz. unequal, diftir.guifhed into Mountains, and Dales, and having likewife a Sea, Lakes, and Rivers ; that this Sea was fait as ours is ; was fubjeef to Tides, and poffefs'd nearly the fame Space and Extent that it now does ; and that the Antidiluvian World was ilock'd with Animals, Vegetables, Metals, Minerals, £yc that it had the fame Pofitionin refpect of the Sun which ours now hath, its Axis not being parailel, but inclined, as at prefent, to the Plane of the Ecliptic ; confequently that there were then the fame Succeffton of Weather, and the flme Vicifiitudcs of Seafons, as now. See Terraqueous, Mountain, £&, See alfo Fossil, &c.

ANTIDOTE, a Remedy taken either to prevent, or cure, Contagion. See Plague, Contagion, Preserva- tive, &c.

The Word Antidote is alfo ufed to fignify a Medicine taken to prevent the ill Effects of fome other, for inftance, Poifon. See Poison.

In this Senfe the Word has the fame Signification with Alexipharmic, Alexiterial or Counrerpoifon. SeeALExi-

P1TARMIC, COUNTER-POISON, &C

The Word is borrow'd from the Greek i/V, againft, and J>'Jy.i, I give ; as being fomething given againft Poifon, ei- ther by way of Medicine, or Prefervative.

ANTIENT, or Ancient, ufually ftands oppofed to Modern. See Modern.

The Word comes from the French Ancien, of the La- tin Antiquus. Thus we fay the Antient Architecture, An- tient Monuments, Antient Church. See Architecture, i$c.

When we fay abfolutely, the Antients, we mean the

■Greeks and Romans Thus, the Antients ufed to burn

their Dead The Learned have been greatly divided

of late days, with regard to the Preference between the Antients and Moderns.

Antient isfometimes oppofed to young or new — We fay rhe antient Biftiop of fuch a City, when he has refign'd his See, and a new one is put in his Place. The antient Bifhop of Frejus, now Cardinal AeFlettry.

ANTiENTsin Church-Difcipline. SeeELDERs.

The Society of Grays-Inn, confifts of Benchers, Ab- sents, Barrifters, and Students under the Bar : the An- tients are the Elder, Barrifters. See Inn, Barrister, He.

In the Inns of Chancery there are only, Antients and Stu- dents, ot Clerks ; and among the Ancients, one is yearly

the Principal, or Treafurer In the Middle Temple,

Antients are fuch as are paft their Reading, and never read. See Temple.

A n t i e n t is fometimes alfo ufed in a Military Senfe for znEnjign. See Ensign.

Antienty, in fome antient Statutes is ufed for Elder-

Jhip or Seniority Thus the eldeft Sifter can demand no

more than her other Sifters befide the Chief Mefiie, by rea- fon of her Antienty.

Antient, is alfo the Flag, or Streamer born in the Stern of a Ship. See Flag, Signal, E?c.

Antient foemefne, or 'Domain, is a Tenure, whereby all Manors belonging to the Crown in William the Conque- ror's, and St. Edward's time, were held. See Tenure andDEMAiN.

The Numbers, Names, gfc. hereof were enter'd by the Conqueror, in aBook call'd 2>oomfdaj -Book, yet remaining in the Exchequer ; fo that fuch Lands as by that Book ap- pear'd to have belonged to the Crown at that time, are cal- led Antient Demefne. 6ee Dooms-B^.

The Tenants in Antient Ttemefne are of two forts ; one who hold their Lands frankly by Charter ; the other by Co- py of Court- Roll, or by the Verge at the Will of the Lord, according to the Cuftom of the Manor. See Free-hold, Copy-hold, (Sc.

The Advantages of this Tenure, are, 1. That Tenants holding by Charter cannot be rightfully impleaded out of their Manor ; and when they are, may abat# the Writ by pleading the Tenure, i. They are free from Toll for all things relating to their Livelihood and Husbandry ; nor can beimpanell'donany Inqueft. ,

Thefe Tenants held originally by plowing the Kmg» Land, plafhinghis Hedges, and the like Services, for the maintenance of his Houfhold i and it was on this account fuch 1 iberties were given 'em, for which they may J 3 ™