Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/147

 ANT

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ANT

Socrates reprefents St. Ignatius as the Author of this way offinging among the Greeks ; and St. Ambrofe among

the£atl?is Theodoret attributes it ta^Diodorus and

Flavian. Amalarius Fortimatiis has wrote exprefly of the Order of Anthems, de Antiphonarum Or dine.

At prefent the Term is ufed in a fomewhat narrower Senfe 5 being applied to certain Paffages taken out of the PJalms, &c. and accommodated to the particular .Solem- nity in hand.

ANTHERA, in Pharmacy, a Term ufed by fome Wri- ters for the yellow part in the Middle of a Rofe. See Rose 1 It is reputed more aftringent than the reft.

ANTHER./E, among Fotanifts, thofe little Tufts, or Knobs which grow on the Tops of the Stamina of Flowers* more ufually called Apices. See Apices.

ANTHESPHOR.IA, in Antiquity, a Feaft celebrated InSicily, in Honour of "Proserpine. See Feast.

The Word is deriv'd from the Greek h§©-. Flower, and $4?s', I carry, in regard thatGoddefs was forcM away by 'Pluto, when fhe was gathering Flowers in the Fields. Yet Fejlus does not afcribe the Feaft to 'Proserpine 5 but fays it was thus call'd, by reafon Ears of Corn were carried on this Day to the Temples.

Anthefporia feem to be the fame thing with the Flori- fertumefi the Latins.

ANTHESTERIA, in Antiquity, was a Feaft celebra- ted by the Athenians, in Honour of Bacchus. See Feast.

Some are of opinion it took its Name foom the Month Anthefierion, wherein it was celebrated Others pre- tend, thatitwas not the Nameof any particular Feaft, but that all the Feafts of 'Bacchus were call'd Anthejleria.

Themoft natural Derivation of the Word is from a.v§®-, Flos, a Flower ; it being the Cuftom at this Feaft to offer Garlands of Flowers to Bacchus.

The Anthefieria Jafted three Days, the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth of the Months each of which Days had a

Name fuited to the proper Office of the Day The firft

Day of the Feaft was .:alled -znQovia, i. e. Opening of the Veffeis, in regard on this Day they open'd the Veffels, and

tailed the Wine The fecond they called y&t, Congii,

the Name of a Meafure, containing the Weight of about ten Pounds : on this Day they drank the Wine prepar'dthe Day before— —The third Day they called yyi^ a;, Kettles : on this Day they boil'd all forts of Pulfe in Kettles 5 which however they were not allow'd to taftc, as being offer'd to Mercury.

ANTHOLOGION, Anthologue, a Church Book in ufe among the Greeks. See Greek.

The Anthologion is a fort of Breviary or Mafs-Book, con- taining the daily Offices addrefs'd to our Saviour.theVirgin, and the principal Saints; with other Common Offices of Prophets, Apoftles, Martyrs, Pontiffs, and Confeffors, accor- ding to the Greek Rite. See Breviary, Mass, Of- fice, £S?c.

It is called nv&shoytw, q. d. fiorilegiim, or a Collection of Flowers.

ANTHOLOGY, Anthologia, a difcourfe or Trea- tife of Flowers; thus call'd from dv^t, Flcs, a Flower, and Ae^f, Senno, Difcourfe. Others chufe rather to derive Anthology from av^m, Flos, a Flower, and h'vy* Iga'dierj and ufe it to fignify a Collection of Flowers. See Flower.

Anthology is particularly ufed for a Collection of Epi- grams of divers Greek Poets. See Epigram.

St. ANTHONY, gives the Name to anOrder of Knight- hood, eftablifli'd in 1382. by Albert of Bavaria, l£c. who had then taken a Refolution to make War againft the 'Turks. See Order and Knight.

The Knights of this Order wore a Collar of Gold, with a Hermit's Girdle, to which hung a Crutch and a little Bell.

Some Authors mention another Order of St. Anthony in Ethiopia, inftituted in 570.

St. ANTHONY'* Fire. See Erysipelas.

ANTHORA, or Healing Wolfs-bane, a Species of Aconite, whofe Root is ufeful in Phyfick ; being reputed a good Antidote, and a certain Counterpoifon to the Thora-, whence its Denomination Anthora. See Aconite.

The Root contains a great deal of volatile Salt and eflen-

tial Oil —It isalexipharmick, cardiack, ftomachick, and

good againft the Wind-Cholick

AN*THOS, "Arfio^, in its original Greek, fignifies Flower; but by way of Excellency is appropriated to Rofemary, fo as to exprefs only Flowers of Rofemary. See Rose- mary.

ANTHRACOSIS, aDifeafe of the Eyes, occafWdby a corrofive Ulcer, cover'd with Skin, and attended with a general Swelling ; efpecially of the Parts about the Eye. See Eye and Ulcer.

The Word is Greek *v^fa.mffir t and denotes an Inflam- mation refembling a Coal $ a.v^a^ Signifying a Coal. See Anthrax.

ANTHRAX, ttj^af, flriflly fienifies alive Coal; and figuratively, a Scab cr Blotch, made by a corrofive Hu-

mour, which, as it were, burns the Skin, and occafione Jharp pricking Pains.

The Anthrax is alfo called Carbo and Carbunculus. See Carbuncle.

The Cure is attempted with Cataplafms of Theriac. Lond. Allium, Cepee cocl. SapoNig. &c.

ANTHROPOLOGY, Antitropologia, a Difcourfe or Treatife upon Man, or Human Nature.

AnthropoUgy includes the Confideration both of the Hu- man Body and Soul, with the Laws of their Union, and the Effects thereof, as Senfation, Motion, &c. See Body, Soul, Sensation, Motion, £i?c.

Yet Dr. 2)rake entitles his Anatomy of the Human Bo- dy, Anthropologia. See Anatomy.

The Word is compounded of ''a.i^uTo^ Man, and *.oyot t Difcourfe.

Anthropology, is particularly ufed in Theology, for a way of fpeakingof God, after the manner of Men; by at- tributing Human Parts to him ; as Eyes, Hands, Ears, An- ger, Joy, &c—

We have frequent Inftanccs of Anthropology in Holy Scrip- ture •■> by which we are only to understand the Eftect-, or the Thing which God does, as if he had Hands, \$c. See- Anthropopathy.

ANTHROPOMANCY, or Anthropomantia, a Method of Divination, performed by infpecfingthe Vifcera of a Perfon deceafed. See Divination.

The Word is compounded of etWpcToj Man, and f**rr«tf, Divination.

AN THROPOMORPHITE, one who attributes to God, the Figure of a Man. See God, $3c

Anthropomorphites WereaSeftof antientHcreticks, who, out o. a too great Simplicity, taking every thing fpoken of God in the Scriptures in a literal Senfe 5 imagin'd he

had real Hands, Feet, c5c The Paffage they chiefly

infifted on, was that in Genefis, where it is faid that God made Man after his own Image.

The Word comes from the Greek *v£f«^©-, Man, and //op^n, Shape.

ANTHROPOPATHY, a Figure, Expreffion or Dif- courfe, whereby fomething is attributed to God, which properly belongs only to Man.

Anthropopathy is frequently ufed promifcuoufly with Anthropology ; yet in ftrictnefs they ought to be diftinguiftt- ed as the Genus from the Species— ^ Anthropology may bo understood of any thing Human attributed to God ; but Anthropopathy, only of Human Affections, Paffions, Senfa- tions, So. See Anthropology.

The Word is compounded of ae-tyasrof, Man, and ta$o{ Paffion.

ANTHROPOPHAGI, Cannibals; or fuchasfeedon Human Flefh. See Cannibal.

The Word is compounded of the Greek aj^ewTof, Man,

and fay*, Edo, I eat The primitive Chrifiians were

accufed by the Heathens of being Anthropophagi $ as appears from Tartan, Tertullian in his Apologeticks, Cap. Vlf and Salvian de Provid. Lib. IV. They affirmed that the Chri- itians, in the Myfteries of their Religion, killed a Child, andfeaftedon its FIe(h. This Calumny was grounded on what they had heard of the Eucharift, and the Communion. See Eucharist, Communion, Altar, &c.

ANTHROPOPHAGY, the Aft of eating human Flefh. See Anthropophagi.

Some Authors trace the Original of this barbarous Cu- floro, as high as the Deluge ;and attribute it to the Giants — ■ <Pliny mentions Scythians and Sauromatans ; and Juvenal, Egyptians, who accuftom'd themfelves to this horrible Re- paft— Livy tells us, that Hannibal made his Souldiers eat human Flefh, to render them more fierce and daring in Battel. 6

In the fouthern Parts of Africa, and in fome Parts of America ; this horrid Practice ftill obtains. See Can- nibal.

The Phyficians think they have difcover'd the Principle of Anthropophagy, and that it confifls in a black acrimo- nious Humoor, which being lodg'd in the Coats of the Ven- tricle, produces this Voracity. And they give feveral In- ftanccs of this inhuman Hunger, even among their own Patients — M 'Petit hasdifputed the Queftion, whether or no Anthropophagy be contrary to Nature ?

ANTI, a Greek Prepofuion, added to feveral Englijb Words, in two different Senfes— — Sometimes it figninei before; as in ^Kft-Chamber, a place before the Chamber, in which cafe it has the fame Meaning with the Latin, ante, before : fometimes again it fignifies contrary, or oppofite, and is then derived from the Greek tori, contra, againft j as in Antipodes, thofe who have their Feet oppofite to ours.

In this latter Senfe, the Word makes part of the Names of various Medicines : as Antivenereals, thofe ufed againft the Pox ; Antiarthriticks, thofe againft the Gout j Anti- ajihmatieks, againft the Afthma ; Antielminticks, againft

Worms j