Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/141

 ANI

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ANI

St. Augnfrin relates, that a great many fcrupulous per- will crumble into Duft, for want of the natural Gluten s

fons in his Time, extended that Prohibition of the Law, Yet the fame Bone by immerging it in Water or Oil be

T^hou Jbalf not kill, to ail Animals : They grounded their comes firm and ilrong again ; and more fo in Oil than Wa-

Opinion on fome Paifages of Scripture wherein God fpeaks ter. And thus Cupels are made of Animal Earth, which

of Animals as if they had fome Principle of Reafon ; decla- will fuffcain the utmoft Effect ol Fire. SceCu el. ring that he will require the Blood of Man at the hand of The Fluid Parts of Animals are the cruder as th

Beafls, Gen. c. <>. Adding, in the fame place, that hi makes a Covenant not only with Man, but with every li- ving Creature.- See Carnivorous.

Animals are ordinarily divided into ierrejlrial, aquatic, volatile, amphibious Infcfts, &c.

ey are

lefs diftant from the Lacteals, and abforbent Veffels

Thus Chyle is little clfe but a vegetable Juice ; but in its farther progrefs, gradually lays ancle its vegetable Charac- ters, till after a number of Circulatio sit becomes a perfect Animal Juice, under the denomination of Sood, from

Terreftrial Animals, are either Quadrupeds or Rep- whence the other Humours are all derived. See Chyle j x\\qs. — ' Quadrupeds have either the Feet cloven, as the Blood, Humour, Secretion, £<fc.

Bullock 5 or entire," as the Horfe ; or divided into feveral Toes or Claws, as the Dog, L'ion,i5c. See Quadruped, Insect.

The other Dlvifions will be found under the words Fish, BiRC) Reptile, &c.

But, for a compleat and general Account of the va- rious kinds of Animals, we fhall here fubjoin Mr. Ray's General Scheme.

W

Animals are either, fSanguineous, that is, fuch as have Blood, which breathe either by p Lungs, having either

j ("Two Ventricles in their Heart, and thofe either I j ir- Viviparous.

j 3S Aquatick, as the Whale- kind, ^ <( "Sc Terreftrial, as Quadrupeds, j COviparous, as Birds.

I But one Ventricle in the Heart, as Frogs, Tortoifes, I V. and Serpents.

I GUIs, as all fanguineous Fifties, except the Whale- L kind.

Exanguineous, or without Blood ir* vided into

i f Greater ; and thofe either j j r Naked.

jC Terreftrial, as naked Snails,

Z Aquatick, as the Poulp, Cuttle-fifh, $§c. Covered with a Tegument, either J C Cruftaceous, as Lobiters and Crab-filh.

JZ Teflaceous, either <T Univalve, as Limpets, 4 Bivalve, as (Mors, Mufclcs, Cockles, &k C Turbinate, as Periwinkles, Snails, &c. iXeffer, as Infects of all Sorts. . Viviparous hairy Animals, or Quadrupeds, are either rHoof M, which are either

Whole-footed or hoof 'd, as the HoiTe and Afs : Cloven-footed, having the Hoof divided into Two principal Parts call'd Eifcula, either Such as chew not the Cud, as Swine. Ruminant, or fuch as chew the Cud, divided into Such as have perpetual and hollow Horns : Beef-kind, Sheep -kind, Goat kind. Such as have folio*, branched, and deciduous Horns, as the Deer kind. I Four Parts, or Quadtifcula, as the Rhinoceros and L Hippopotam us. Xlaw'd, or digitate, having the Foot divided into

^Two Parts or Toes, having two Nails, as the Ca- J mel-kind.

C Many Toes or Claws, either ^ Undivided, as the Elephant Divided, which have either

Broad Nails and an humane Shape, as Apes. Narrower and more pointed Nails, which in refpect of their Teeth, are divided into fuch as have f Many Fore teeth or Cutters in each Jaw : The greater, which have

A fhorter Snout and rounder Head, as the Cat- f kind.

-A longer Snout and Head, as the Dog kind. ■ -The leffer, the Vermin or Weazel kind. I Only two large and remarkable Fore teeth, all which ■ L are Phytivorous and are call'd the Hare-kind. For particulars relating to Animals* their Number, Ana- logous StmSv.re, Sagacity, Infintf, &c. See Ark, Head, Neck, Tail, Feet, Storce, Instinct, &e.

Animals confift of Solids, or firm pans, as Fleft), Bones, Membranes,^, and Fluids, as Blood, gfe.

The Solids are mere Earth, bound together by fome Oily

JJ1V1

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The parts of Animals are dilHnguiflied from thofe of Ve- getables by two Circumftances : The fir (I, that w en burnt they are found perfectly infipid ; all Animal Salts being vo- latile and, flying ort\ with heat : the contrary of which is found in Vegetables, which conftantly retain fome fixed Salt in all their Allies. See Salt, Volatile and Fixed.

The fecond, that no fmcere Acid is contained in any Animal Juice ; nor can any Acid Salt be extracted from the fame : The contrary of which is found in all Vegetables.' See Acid.

Yet are Animals reconverted into their Vegetable Na- ture, by Putrefaction. See Putrefaction.

Animals make theSubjeQ ofthatBranch ofNatural Hl- flory call'd Zoology ; fee Zoolocy.

The Structure of Animals, with their Difordcrs, Reme- dies, £$c. make the Subject of Anatomy, Medicine, £jfo See Anatomy, Medicine, &c.

Animals make the principal matter of Heraldry ; both as Bearings and as Supporters, c5c. See Bearing, Sup- porter, ££>c.

'Tis an eflablifti'd Rule among the Heralds, that in Bla- zoning, Animals are always to be interpreted in the beft which may be di- Senfe 5 that is, according to their moil noble and generous Qualities, andfoas may redound molt to the Honour of the Bearers.

Thus the Fox, being reputed witty, and withal given to filching for his Prey 5 if this be the charge of an Efcutcheon, we are to conceive the Quality reprefented to be his Wit and Cunning, not his Theft.

Guillim addsi that all Savage Beafls are to be figured in their fiercefi Action ; as, a Lion erected, his Mouth wide open, his Claws extended, ££?c. Thus formed, he is

faid to be Rampant. A Leopard, or Wolf is to be

pourtray'd going, as it were, Pedetentim : which form of Action, faith Chaffan£us, fits their natural Difpofition, and

is termed Taffant. The gentler kinds are to be fet forth

in their noblefl and moft advantageous Action ; as, a Horfb running or Vaulting,a Grey-hound courfing, a Deer tripping, a Lamb going with fmooth and eafy pace, §5c.

Every Animal is to be moving, or looking, to the right fide of the Shield; and it is a general Rule, that the righc Foot be placed foremo{t,becaufethe right fide is reckoned the beginning of Motion : add, that the upper part is nobler than the lower 5 fo that things conft rained either to look up or down, ought rather to be defign'd looking upwards. — It muft. be noted, that notwithstanding thefe folemn Precepts of Guillim, and the other Matters of Armory ; we find by ex- perience, that there are Lions Paflanr, Couchant, andDor- mant, as well as Rampant, and that moft Animals look down, and not up.

Animal is alfo tifed Adjectively, to denote fomething that belongs or partakes of the Nature of an Animal Body,

fee Body. Thus we fay Animal Food, Animal Occonomy,

jjffc. See Food, Oeconomy.

Animal Aclions are thofe peculiar to Animals ; or which belong to Animals, as fuch. See Animal and Action.

Such are Senfat'wn and Mufcular Motion. See Sensa- tion, $£q.

Animal Motion is the fame with what we call Mufcu- lar Motion. See Muscular Motion,

It is divided into two Branches ; Natural or Involuntary,

and Spontaneous. See Natural and Spontaneous.

htnu at, Fun6lio?2S > among Phyficians. See Function.

Moralifts frequently oppofe the Animal part, which is

the fenfible, flefhy part of Man j to the Rational part,

which is the Underftanding.

Animal Secretion is the A& .Whetebj the divers Juices of the Body are fecreted or feparated iiom the common Mafs of Blood, by means of the Glands. See Secretion, Blood and Gland.

The Theory of Animal Secretion is one of the Improve- ments in Phyfic, for which we are indebted to Geometrical Reafoniinr— - The fum of what our late Writers on the

Humour; and accordingly are reducible by Fireinto fuch Head have fhewn, may be reduced

Earth again. See Earth, Fire, Solip, ($c. Heads

Thus'a Bone be;ng perfectly purg'd of all its Moifture, by ( l.) """-"-"■ J—-" c 'r' "j7ff. r ,„t Diameters of the

Carnation, is iou.d a mere Earth, which the leaft force Maft of Blood bymeansofthe d,

the following

OO" Different Juices may be feparated from the common i:rr.„„t Diameters

Orifices