Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/140

 ANI

Hence that of the Poet,

Jgneiis eft Ollis Vigor € Caleflis Origo —

( ioo )

ANI

Others fuppofe 'Plan, by his Anima Mundi, to have meant God, or the Spirit of God; and to have taken the Hint from Mofes, who in his Account of the firft Day s Creation, fays, The Spirit of God moved on the Face of the •Deep. See God, Abyss, i$c. ,.,,„• /'■

The modern Platonifts explain their Matters Anima Mundi by a certain univerfal, ethereal Spirit, which in the Heavens exifts perfeffly pure, as retaining its proper N a- ture • but on Earth, pervading elementary Bodies, and in- timately mixing with all the minute Atoms thcreot, ai- fumes fomewhat of their Nature ; and becomes of a pecu- liar Kind So the Poet :

Spiritus intus alit, totumq; infitfa per orient Mem agitat molem, & magnofi cor fore mifiet.

They add, that this Mima Mundi, which more imme- diately refide's in the Ccleftial Regions as its proper Seat, moves and governs the Heavens in fuch manner, as that the Heavens themfelves firft received their Exiftence from the Fcecundity of the fame Spirit : For that this Anima, being the primary Source of Life, every where breathed a Spirit like itfelf, by virtue whereof various kinds of things were framed conformable to the Divine Ideas. See Idea,

PlATONIST, E£C. -nil

The Notion of an Mima Mundi is rejeaed by molt ot the modern Philofophers ; tho M. du Hamel thinks, with- out any great reafon; for the generality of them admit

fomething very much like it The Peripatetics have re-

courfe to celeftial Influxes, in order to account for the Ori- gin of Forms, and the fecret Powers of Bodies. See Form, Peripatetic,^. „,.,., ,., r

The Carteflans have their fubtile Matter, which anlwers to mod of the Ufes, and Intentions of Plato's Mima Mun- di ; being fuppofed to flow from the Sun and the other heavenly Bodies, and to be diffufed thro all the Parts of the World, to be the Source or Principle of all Motions, i£c. See Subfile Matter, Cartesian, &c.

Some later Philofophers fubftitute Fire; and others a fubtile elaftic Spitit or Medium diffufed thro all the Parts of Space. See Fire, Subtile Medium, S$c. Newto- nian, ££c. «l ./i. o i

The principal thing objefled, on the Chnttian beneme, againft Plato's Doarine of the Mima Mundi, is, that it minsles the Deity too much with the Creatures ; confounds, in fome meafure, the Workman with his Work, making this, as it were, a part of that, the feveral Portions of the

Uni'verfe fo many parts of the Godhead Yet is the fame

Principle afierted by Seneca, Epift. 92. 'Totumhoc quo con- iinemur, iS mum eft, iSDeus. Et feeii ejus fumus gf membra — " . ' _

Anima Hepatis, q. d. the Soul of the Liver ; a term applied by the Chymifts, to the Sal Martis, Salt of Iron or Steel ; on account of its Ufe in Diftempcrs of that Part. See Iron, Mars, Steel, Salt, Liver, &c.

It is fometimes alfo prefcribed under the Name of Vt- triolum Martis. See Vitriol.

Anima Articulonm is a Denomination fometimes given to HermodaByls ; on account of their Efficacy in Diforders of the Joints. See Hermodactyl.

Anima Pulmonum, is ufed for Crocus, or Saffron ; by reafon of its great Ufe in Difeafes of the Lungs. See Saf- fron and Lungs.

ANIMA, or Gum Animal, in Pharmacy, a kind of GumorRefin; whereof there are two kinds, Weftem and

Eaftem The firft flows from an Incifion of a Tree in

New Spain, called Courbati ; it is tranfparent, and of a Colour like that of Frankincenfe : its Smell is very agree- able, and it eafily confumes in the Fire. See Gum, £?c.

The Eaftem Gum Mima is diftinguifhed into three Kinds; the firft white ; the fecond blackifh, in fome re- fpecls like Myrrh ; the third pale, refinous, and dry.

All the feveral Kinds oi Anima are ufed in Perfumes, hy reafon of their charming Smell ; they are alfo applied externally in cold Diforders of the Head and Nerves, in Palfies and Catarrhs ; but are little known among us ; in- fomuch that our Apothecaries ufually fell Bdellium for Gum Animte. See Bdellium.

ANIMADVERSION, fometimes fignifies Correction ; fometimes Remarks, or Obfervations made on a Book, £-?c. and fometimes, a ferious Confideration and Refleaion on any Subject; by way of Criticifm.

The Word is formed of the Latin animadvertere, to a- r.imadvert: of animus, the Mind; and adverto, I turn to, or toward.

ANIMAL, a Being, which, befides the Power ot grow- ing, incrcafmg, and producing its like, which Vegetables likewife have, is further endowed with Senfation, and

fpontaneous Motion. See Being, Sensation, and Mo.

The Word Mimal is derived from the Latin Mima, Soul ; and literally denotes fomething endued with a Soul. See Anima and Soul.

An Animal, refpefl being only had to the Body, not the Soul, may bo defin'd with Soerbaave to be an organical Body, confitting of Vefl'els and Juices; and taking in the Matter of its Nutriment, by a Part called a Mouth; whence it is conveved into another .called the Intcftines, into which it has Roots implanted, whereby it draws in its Nourift. ment, after the manner of Plants. See Mouth.

According to this Definition, an Animal is difti n. guifhed from a Foffil, in that it is an organical *Body ; and from a Vegetable by this, that it has its Roots Within it- felf, and a Plant without itfelf. See Fossil and Vege- table. .

In effect, the Intcftines of an Mimal are, in reality, no more than its Eatth, or the Body it adheres to ; into which it fends forth its Roots ; that is, the laflcal Veffels, which thence dtaw the Matter of its Life and Increafe. See Intestines.

An Animal is better defin'd from its Mouth than itj Heart • fince we don't know whether the whole Triba have fuch a Part ; for as feveral have 16 Hearts, patriot. larly the Silk- Worm, and fome even (So ; fo 'tis poffible 0. thers may have none at all. See Heart.

Nor can any general CharaBer of an Mimal be taken from the Brain, the Lungs, or the like ; fince we know of many quite deftitute thereof See Brain, Lungs,

%Sc. -■■■.,.,

The genuine Charaaeriftic, then, of an Animal, is to be free and at large with refpeB to the Subjcft it derives its Nourifhment from : for every thing is taken in by the Mouth ; and the Mouth does not adhere to any thing : Whereas all Plants are conneaed, in fome manner or other, to the Body which furnifhes them Food.

Hence it follows, that a Fcetus, while it remains in the Mother's Womb, is a real Plant ; as being conneaed by the Funiculus umbilicalis to the Placenta, and by the Placenta to the Uterus, from whence it receives its Nutriment — >- If it did not derive its Food by the faid Funiculus, but by its Mouth, it wcte an Animal; and if it drew it by both, a Neophyte, or Plant-Animal. See Foetus, Neophyte,

Some have defined Animals from their Loco-Motion, as being capable of Shifting from place to place, and Plants from their flicking faft to the fame Subjea : but on this Principle, Oyfters, Muflels, Cockles, tSc. are excluded from the Clafs of Animals, in as much, as they adhere, or grow to Rocks, Z$c. yet 'tis certain, that thofc Creatures are real Animals, as they have Mouths and Stomachs to take in their Food, and Laaeals and Mefentcric Veins to receive

it Indeed, Muflels fcem an Exception from the former

Definition. That Anomalous Creature breathes, and re- ceives its Nourifhinent, not at the Mouth, but by the /.mis: The Part which we account its Head, tho' without either Eyes, Ears, or Tongue, or any other Apparatus, fave 1 Hole, which we may call its Mouth, is an immoveable Part ; being faftned to one of the Shells, fo, that it cannot feek for Food, but the Food mutt come to feek it. This Food is Water, which, as the Shells open, enters in at the Anus of the Muffcl, which opens at the fame time ; and paffing thence into certain Canals between the inner Sur- face of rhe Shell, and the outer Surface of the Animal, is conveyed thence into its Mouth, by a certain Motion, which the Animal can produce at pleafure.

We chufe therefore with Dr. uyfon, to fix the Criterion of an Animal in a DuSus Alimentalis, i. c. a Gula, Sto- mach, and Inteftines ; all which make but one continued Canal. See Ductus Alimentalis.

All Animals, according to the moft probable and receiv'd Opinion, come from' Eggs, and are there inclofed, as it were in Epitome, till the Seed of the Male penetrate their Covering, and firetch them, fo as they become ready for hatching. See Egg, Generation, oc.

There enters into their Veffels a chylous Juice ; which being pufh'd forwards by the Spirits, circulates thro the whole Habit of the little Body, nourifhes and dilates it by little and little, and thus produces what we call Growth See Chyle, Chylification, and Nutrition.

This Circulation repeated feveral times, refines and at- tenuates the Juices, till at length they became of a red

Colour, and are converted into what we call Blood "

This natural Operation bears a great refemblance to feveral chymical Operations, by which, in attenuating and diflolv- ing oily or fulphureous Subftances, they afl'ume a red Colour. See Circulation, Blood, and Sanguification. _ ,

The Philofophers comprehend Man under the Species ot Animals ; and define him, a reafonable Animal : t'oo among Naturalifis, &c. Animals are ufually reftrain'd to Irratio- nals. S(|