Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/134

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discovered the lower Salival Duels ; 'and Stem the upper Aubin, in his Dictionary of Sea-Affairs, printed at Am.

Salival Dufts, thofe of the Palate, the Noftrils, and Eyes, fflerdam in 1702, obferves, that the Anchor of a large heavy

5n 1661. See Salival. Wirtfungus, in 11S42, difcover'd Veffel is fmaller, in proportion, than that of a leffer and

the Pancreatic Duels. See Pancreatic, Willis, who lighter one. The Reafon he gives, is, that tho the Sea em- came after him, publifh'd an Anatomy of the Brain, and ploys an equal Force againft a fmall Veffel as againft a great Nerves, in a manner much more exact than had been done one, fuppofing the Extent of Wood upon which the Water before him ; yet he had omitted fome confiderable Things, acts, to be equal, in both 5 yet the little Veffel, by reafon of which were afterwards obferv'd by Vieujjcns. See Nerve, its fuperior Lightnels, does not make fo much refinance as

In effect, Glijjbn treated particularly of the Liver ; the greater ; the Defect whereof muft be fupplied by the

Wharton of the Glands ; Haven of the Bones ; Graaf of Weight of the Anchor.

the Pancreatick Juice, and the Parts of Generation ; Lower Anchor, in Architecture and Sculpture, an Ornament in

of the Motion of the Heart ; 'fhurfton, of Refpiration ; form of an Anchor, or Arrow's-head ; frequently carved on

•Peyer, of the Glands of the Interlines ; Brown, of the the Echinus, or Quarter-round, in the CUorick, Ionic, Co-

Mufcies ; 1)relincourt, of the Conception of the Ova in rinthian, &c. Capitals. See Capital, igc.

Women, the Placenta, and the Membranes of the Fcetus. The Anchors are ufually intermix'd with Reprefentations

See Liver, Gland, Bone, Generation, Respiration, Foetus, SSfc.

Malpighi, who died in 1694, is one of thofe to whom

of Eggs ; whence the Echinus it felf is popularly called Eggs and Anchors. See Echinus, Qyx^rzR-Round, &c. ANCHORAGE, or Anchoring, Ground fit to hold a

Anatomy owes the moft : He made a great Number of Dif- Ship's Anchor, fo that She may ride fafely. See Anchor.

coveries in the Lungs, Brain, Liver, Spleen, Glands, and The beft Ground for a Ship to anchor in, is {tiff Clay or

Lymphaticks, by help of the Microfcope, !Sc. Nor muft it hard Sand ; and the beft riding at Anchor, is when a Ship

be omitted that Ruyfch, ftill living, has let great Light into is Land-lock'd, and ont of the Tide.

many of the finer and more intricate Parts of the human Anchorage, in Law, a Duty taken of Ships for the

Frame, particularly the Glands; by means of his Injections. Pool of the Haven, where they call Anchor. See Duty.

See Microscope, and Injection. No Man can let an Anchor fall on the King's Ground in

Mauget, and Le Clerc, two Phyficians of Geneva, have any Port, without paying for it to the King's Officer ap-

given us a Bibliotheca Anatomica ; containing all the new pointed by Patent.

Difcoveries that have been made in this Art. ANCHORED, in Heraldry. A Cre/s-ANCHOREn, or

The beft Syftems of the Art, as it now ftands, are thofe Ancree, is a form of Crofs fo called, becaufe the four Ex-

of Verheyen, ^Drake, Keill, &c. tremities refemble the Flouke of an Anchor. See Cross.

Anatomy of 'Plants. See Plant. — See alfo Root, This Crofs is fo like the Croft Moline, that the Refem-

Branch, Bare, Pith, Wood, Leaf, Flower, Seed, blance has occafioned many Miftakes in Heraldry. See Mo.

iSc. — See alfo Vegetation, (gc.

The Word comes from the Greek aWe/ui, SeBion, or Cutting 5 of dvx.7i[>wa, diffeco.

ANATRON, or Natron, a kind of native Salt-petre, or Nitre, found in Egypt. See Natron, and Nitre.

Anatron, is alfo a volatile Salt, fkimm'd from the Com- pofition of Glafs, when in fufion. See Glass

ANCHORET, Anchorite, or Anachorite, a Her- mit, or devout Perfon, living alone in fome Defart ; to be fur- ther out of the reach of the Temptations of the World, and more at leifurc for Meditation. See Hermit.

Such were St. Anthony, St. Hilarion, &c. 'Paul the Hermit was the firll of the Tribe of Anchorites. The

When pounded, it yields a kind of Pouder ; which being Word comes from the Greek aya^aiia, X retire into a By-

diffolv'd in the Air, or in a proper Liquor, becomes com- place.

mon Salt, after Coagulation. Thefe People are very numerous among the Greeks ; con-

Anatron is likewife the Name of a nitrous Juice, which lifting principally of Monks, who not caring for the Fa-

condenfes in Vaults, Arches, and other fubterraneous Places, tigues and Offices of the Monaftery, purchafe a little Spot

See Stalactites. of Ground, with a Cell, whither they retreat, and never

Anatron is alio ufed by fome Writers for a compound appear in the Monaftery again, excepting on folemn Days.

Salt, made of Quicklime, Alum, Vitriol, common Salt, and See Monk.

Nitre. See Salt. Thefe are alfo called Afcette and Solitaries. See Asceta,

ANBURY, a kind of Wen, or fpongy Wart, growing and Solitary.

upon any part of a Horfe, or Cow, full of Blood. The Anchorites of Syria and 'Paleffiine retire into the

ANCESTORS, Progenitors ; or thofe from whom a moft obfeure, and unfrequented Places 5 hiding themfelvcs

Perfon is delcended. See Progenitor. under Rocks, and Mountains, and living on the fpontaneous

The Word is deriv'd from the Latin AnceJJor, wrote, by Productions of the Earth. — The Anchorites in America, are

Contraction, for AnteccJ/br, goer before. look'd upon there, as by far the moft perfect fort of Monks j

The Law diftinguilhes between Ancejior and Predeceffor; and are held in much higher Opinion and Veneration than

the former being applied to a Natural Perfon, as fuch one, and his Ancejior ; and the latter to a Body Politick or Corporate, as a Biftiop, and his Predeceffors.

ANCESTREL, in Law. — Homage Ancestrel, fignifie;

the Ccenobites, or Monks refiding in Monafteries. See Coe- nobite.

Many of thefe tetire, with the leave of their Abbots, and have an Allowance from the Monaftery.— The People, in

.-..J _c .l„:_ tj:„... r„^ .1 -.1 J n r r *,

Homage that hath been done or performed by one's Ancef- regard of their Piety, prefent them with good Sums of Mo

ney, which they carefully hoard up, and at their Death, be- queath it to the Monaftery they had belong'd to.

ANCHOVY, in Matters of Commerce, (ffc. a little Sea Fifii, much ufed by way of Sauce, or Seafoning.

Scaliger defcribes it as of the Herring-kind, about the Length of a Finger, having a pointed Snout, a wide Mouth, no Teeth, but Gums as rough as a Saw. — Others make it a fort of Pilchard : But others, with better Reafon, hold it a

tors. See Homage.

ABion Ancestrel. See Action.

ANCHOR, an Inttrument ufed at Sea, and in Rivers ; to retain and fallen a Veffel by. See Ship.

An Anchor is a large ftrong piece of Iron, crooked at one End, and form'd into two Batbs, refembling a Hook ; faf- ten'd at the other end by a Cable. See Cable, £5?c.

The Goodnefs of the Anchor is a Point of great Impor- tance ; the Safety and Confervation of the Veffel depending peculiar Species, very different from cither. See Fish. principally thereon. — Great Care is to be taken, that the Me- The Anchovy is caught in the Months of May, June, and tal it is made of, be neither too foft, nor too brittle ; the July, on the Coafts of Catalonia, Provence, &c. at which latter rendering it liable to break, and the former to ftraiten. Seafon, it conftantly repairs up the Straits of Gibraltar, See Iron. into the Mediterranean.

Travellers tell us of People in the Indies who make ufe The Filhing is chiefly in the Night-time ; when, a Light

of wooden Anchors in their Navigation.— The Inhabitants being put out on the Stern of their little Fiming-Veffels, the

of the Iiland of Ceylon, in lieu of Anchors, ufe huge round Anchovies flock round, and are caught in the Nets. See

Stones ; and in fome Places, the Anchors are a kind of Ma- Fishing.

chines of Wood, loaden with Stones. When the Fifhery is over, they cut off the Heads, take

The Word comes from the Latin Ancora> of the Greek out the Guts ; then lay 'em in Barrels and fait 'em. — The

aywgt, which comes from dymKos, incttrvus, croaked. common way of eating Anchovies, is as Salad, with Oil,

The Parts of an Anchor, are, i°, The Ring, into which Vinegar, igc. in order to which, they are firil boned, and

the Cable is faften'd : 2.°, The Beam, or Shank, which is the Tails, Fins, (Se. flipp'd off. They are made into Sauce

the longeft Part of the Anchor : 3°, The Arm, which is by mincing, adding to 'em a Cutlet of Veal or Ham, with

that which runs down into the Ground : at the End of Pepper, ($c. over the Fire.

which is, 4°, The Flouke, or Fluke, by fome called the The Word is derived from the Spaniih. Anchora, or ra-

'Palm ; being that broad and picked Part with its Barbs like ther from the Italian, Anchoia.

an Atrow-head, which faftens into the Ground : ;°, The ANCHYLOPS, in Medicine, a Species, or rather Degree

Stock, a piece of Wood faften'd unto the Beam, near the of Fiilula Lachrymalis ; frequently confounded with Aigi-

Ring, ferving to guide the Fluke, fo that it may fall right, lops, Sec. See Fistula, and jEcilops.

and fix in the Ground. ANCIENT. See Antient.

There are three Kinds of Anchors commonly ufed : the ANCO, or Ancon, the Tip of the Elbow ; or the back-

Kedger, the Grapnel, and the Stream-Anchor : which fee ward and larger Procefs of the Cubitus. See Cubitus.

under their rcfpetJive Articles. The

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