Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/127

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AMU

it is Cicero amplifies on Hiftory : Hiftoria eft teftis tempo- rum, lux veritatis, vita memorice, magiftra w&e, nuntia

vctuftatis. See Definition. 2 n, By a Multitude of

Adjuncts J of which we have a fine Inftance in Virgil's La- mentation for Oyer's Death, by enumerating the many Prodigies and Monfters that either preceded or fucceeded ir.

■ Vox quoqueper Lucos vulgo exaudita filentes, ingens $3

fimulacra modis pallentia mirh vifa fub obfeurum noBH ; pecudefque locutt, infantum, fiftunt amnes, tcrraque dehif- cunt, & tnxfium illachrymat templh cbur, Mraque fudant. — 3°, By a Detail of Caufes and Effeas.— 4, By an Enu- meration of Conferences.— f, By Comparifons, Simili- tudes, and Examples. See Similitude, &c. 6°, By

the Contraft of Antithets, ESte.

Amplification by Words, is effected fix Ways. 1°, By

ufing Metaphors. See Metaphor. i°, By Hyperboles.

See Hyperbole. 3, By Synonymas. See Synonymous.

-4, By fplendid magnificent Terms 5 as that of Ho- race, Scandit eeratas vitiofa naves cura : nee turmas equitum relinquiU oc y or cervis, 13 agente nimbos, ocyor euro.— -), By Feriphrafes, or Circumlocutions. See Periphrasis, &c. — 6°, By Repetition. See Repetition.

AMPLITUDE of the Range of a Wrojcffile, is the hori- zontal Line fubtending the Path in which it moved. See Projectile.

Amplitude, in Agronomy, an Arch of the Horizon, in- tercepted between the true Eaft or Weft Point thereof, and the Centre of the Sun, or a Star at its rifing or fetting. See Horizon, Rising, Setting, &c.

Amplitude is of two Kinds ; Eaftem or Ortive 5 and Weftern, or Occiduous.

Eaftem, or Rifing Amplitude, Amplitude Ortiva, is the Diftance between the Point wherein the Star rifes, and the true Point of Eaft, wherein the Equator and Horizon interfect. See East.

Some call it Eaftem, or Ortive Latitude. SeeLATiTuDE,

Weftem, or Setting Amplitude, Amplitudo Occidua, is the Diftance between the Point wherein the Star fets, and the true Point of Weft in the Equinoctial. See West.

The Eaftern and Weftern Amplitude, are alfo called Nor- thern, and Southern, when in the Northern and Southern Quarters of the Horizon.

The Complement of the Eaftern or Weftern Amplitude to a Quadrant, is called the Azimuth, See Azimuth.

To find the Sun's or a Star's Amplitude, either rifing or fetting, by the Globe. See Globe.

To find the Sun's Amplitude, trigonometrically ; having the Latitude, and the Sun's 'Declination given. — Say, As the Co fine of the Latitude is to Radius, fo is the Sine of the prcfent Declination to the Sine of the Amplitude. — Suppofe, e.g. the Latitude 15 30', and the Declination 1 1° 50'.

Then to the Ar.co. of? the Co-fine of 5 Add the Sine of

5°

0,2058503 9,3118925

9,5177429

Sum is the Sine of which is the Amplitude requir'd.

Mag?ietical Amplitude, is an Arch of the Horizon, contained between the Sun, at his rifing, and the Eaft or Weft Point of the Compafs 5 or, it is the Difference of the Rifing or Setting of the Sun, from the Eaft or Weft Points of the Compafs. See Compass, Rising, Setting, &c.

It is found by obferving the Sun at his rifing or fetting, by an Amplitude Compos. If the Compafs have no Varia- tion, the Magnetical Amplitude will be the fame as the true one.

AMPUTATION, in Chirurgery, the Operation of cut- ting off a Limb, or other Part of the Body, with an In- ftrument of Steel. See Chirurgery, Operation, &c.

In Cafes of Mortification, recourfe is frequently had to Amputation. See Mortification, Gangrene, Spha- celus, £S?c.

The Method of performing it, in the Inftanceof a Leg, is as follows. — The proper Part for the Operation being four or five Inches below the Knee 5 the Skin and Flefh are firft to be drawn very tight upwards, and fecured from re- turning by a Ligature two or three Fingers broad : above this Ligature another loofc one is paffed, for the Gripe, which being twitted by means of a Stick, may be ftrai- ten'd to any degree at pleafurc. Then, the Patient being conveniently fituated, and the Operator placed to the infide of the Limb ; which is to be held by one Affiftant above, and another below the Part defigned for the Operation ; and the Gripe fumciently twitted, to prevent too large an He- morrhage, the Fle/h is, with a Stroke or two, to be feparated from the Bone with the Difmembring-Knife. Then the Periofteum being alfo divided from the Bone with the Back of the Knife, faw the Bone afunder with as few Strokes as poftible. — When two parallel Bones are concerned, the Flefh that grows between them muft likewife be feparated, before the ufe of the Saw.

3

This being done, the Gripe may be flacken'd ; to give an Opportunity for fearching for the large Blood- Veffels, and fecuring the Hemorrhage at their Mouths, cither by the actual Cautery, the Ligature, ftitching them up, apply- ing Vitriol Buttons, or the like. After this a dry Pledget of Lint, or one dipp'd in Spirit of Wine, and fprinkled with Diapente, may be applied to the Stump. Then loofen the firft Ligature, and pull both the Skin and Flefh, as far as conveniently may be, over the Stump, to cover it 5 and fe- cure them with the Crofs-ftitch made at the depth of half, or three quarters of an Inch in the Skin. — It remains, to ap- ply over the whole Stump two large Pledgets, dipp'd in Oxycrate and dried, and afterwards charged with Aftrin- gents ; and on thefe to apply a Plaifter of De-minium, or fimple Diachylon j and over thefe, an Ox-bladder, wetted in Oxycrate ; and over all, a Crofs-cloth pretty tight, fecu- red with Rollers.

After all this, the Gripe may be flacken'd, fo as to be made eafy for the Patient $ or even entirely taken away, af- ter he is put to Bed 5 in which he muft lie with the Stump fomewhat raifed ; an Afiiftant for 12 or 14 Hours keeping faft the Drefting with his hand, to prevent any violent He- morrhage. — In three or four Days the Drefting may be removed 5 and proper Digeftives, mixed with Aftringents, applied : having an actual Cautery, or fome powerful Styp- tick, in readinefs, in cafe of a violent Hemorrhage at the firft opening.

M. Sabourin, Surgeon of Geneva, is recorded in the Hif- tory of the Royal Academy of Sciences, An. 1702, for an Improvement in the Method of Amputation, propofed to that Academy. — The whole Secret confifts in laving a piece of Flefti and Skin, a little lower than the Place where the Section is to be ; wherewith the Stump is to be afterwards cover'd. — The Advantages hereof, are, that in lefs than two Days time, this Flefti unites with the Extremes of the divided Veffels, and fo faves the Neceffity either of binding the Ends of thofe Veffels with Thread, or of applying Caufticks or Aftringents 5 which are Methods very dangerous, or at leaft very incommodious. Add, that the Bone thus cover'd up, docs not exfoliate.

AMSDORFIANS, in Church-Hiftory, a Sea of Prote- ftants, in the XVIth Century 5 denominated from their Lea- der Amfdorf.

Sanderus, H<er. i%6, reprefents them as maintaining, that good Works were not only unprofitable, but even oppofite and pernicious to Salvation. — The Amfdorfians were rigid Confeflionifts.

AMULET, Amuletum, a kind of Medicament, hung about the Neck, or other part of the Body 5 to prevent, or remove Difeafes.

The Word Amulet is form'd of the Latin Amoletum, Amolimentim ; of amoliri, to remove, drive away. See Preservative.

Such are Quills of Quick-filver or Arfenic, which fome hang on the Neck, or wear under the Shirt againft the Plague, and other contagious Difeafes 5 the Blood ftones worn by others againft Hemorrhages 5 and that wore by the Women of the Eaft Indies to bring down the Menfes.

Amulets are frequently no other than a fort of Spells or Charms ; confifting of quaint Words and Characters, fuppo- fed to have the Virtue of warding off ill. — VPliny makes frequent mention of 'em. See Charm, &c.

The Greeks called thefe kind of Remedies  /^tteq^A-m, fyigta. — The Latins call 'em Amuleta, Appenfa,

&c. See Phylactery, Periapta, &c. The Council

of Laodicea forbids Ecciefiafticks to wear fuch Amulets and Phylacteries, on Pain of Degradation. St. Chryfoftom and St. Jerom are likewife zealous againft the fame Practice. Hoc apud nos, fays this laft Father, fuperftitiofe muliercul£, in parvulis Evangeliis ££? in crucis ligno & iftiufmodi rebus que habent quidem zelum Dei fed non fitxta fcientiam, uf- que hodie fatJitant. See Kirch. Oedip. jEgypt.

Amulets are now fallen from the great Repute they were antiently in 5 yet the great Mr. Boyle alledges 'em as an In- stance of the Ingrefs of external Effluvia into the Habit; in order to fiiew the great Porofity of the human Body.— He adds, that he is perfwaded fome of thefe external Me- dicines do anfwer ; for that he himfelf having once been fubject to bleed at the Nofe, and reduced to ufe feveral Re- medies to check it ; found that Mofs of a dead Man's Skull, tho only applied fo as to touch the Skin till the Mofs was warm thereby, the moft effectual of any. — A memorable thing of this kind was communicated to Z-welfer by the chief Phyfician to the States of Moravia, who having pre- pared fome Troches of Toads after Helmont's manner, n° c only found that being worn as Amulets they preferv'd him and his Domefticks and Friends from the Plague ; but, be- ing put on the Plague-Sores of others, they were grearly t e * liev'd, and even faved thereby.

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