Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/112

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The Old Teftament is fuppofed by many to be a perpe tual Allegory, or typical Reprefentation of the Myfleries of the New. See Type.

In effect, Allegory has a good Share in moll Religions. — The feist, we know, abound with 'em : Thilo Judam has three' Books, Of the Allegories in the Hiftory of the Six Days. See Hexameron.

Nor are the Heathens without Allegories in their Reli- gion : it may even be faid, that the Ufe hereof is of a much earlier {landing in the Gentile, than in the j&B&'ifk World- — Some of their Philofophcrs undertaking to give a Rationale of their Faith, and to flicw the Reafon and Scope of their Fables, and the antient Hiltorics of their Gods ; found it neceflary to put another ConftrucYion on 'em, and maintain, that they fignify'd fomething very diffe- rent from what they feem'd to exprefs. — And hence came the Word Allegory : for a Difcourfe that in its natural Senfe, ct^ho dyo&v'ei, iignifies iomething other than what is intended by it, makes what we properly call an Allegory.

This Shift they had recourfe to, in order to prevent Peo- ple from being fhock'd wirh thole Abfurdities which the Poets had introduced into their Religion ; and to convince the World, that the Gods of Greece had not been thofe vile Perfons which their Hiftories rcprefented them to be. By this means, the Hiftory, as well as the Religion of Greece, was at once converted into Allegory; and the World left to feek for them both in a Heap of Fables, few of which have been folved to any purpofe to this Day. See Mythology. The %ws finding the Advantages of this way of explain- ing Religion 5 made ufe of it to interpret the Sacred Wri- tings, fo as to render 'em more palatable to the Pagans.

The fame Method was adopted by the primitive Writers of Chriftianity. See Allegorical.

ALLEGORICAL, fomething containing an Allegory. See Allegory.

The Divines find divers Senfcs in Scripture ; a Literal, a Myltical, and an Allegorical Senfc. See Mystic, &c.

The Prophecies, in particular, delivered in the Old Tefla- ment, are laid to be many of 'em accomplifh'd in the New - 7 not in their primarv and literal, but in their fecondary, or Allegorical Senfe. See Prophesy.

The Fathers, and other antient Interpreters of Scripture, are almoft all Allegories ; as Origen, Clemens Alexandrians, St. Augujlin, Gregory Xfaz>iaaze& t &c. See further under the Article Type.

ALLEGRO, in Mufick, a Word ufed by the Italians to denote one of the fix Distinctions of Time. See Time.

Allegro expreffes a very quick Motion, the quickeH of all excepting tPrpjU,

The ulual fix Distinctions fucceed each other in the follow- ing Order, Grave, Adagio, Largo, Vivace, Allegro, andPrefto. It is to be obferved, that the Movements of the fame Name, as Adagio or Allegro, are fwifter in Triple than in Common Time. — The Triple | is ufually Allegro, or Vivace 5 the Triples ^§, |, §, --J, are moft commonly Allegro. See Triple.

ALLELUJAH. See Hallelujah. ALLEMAND, Almain, a kind of grave, folemn Mufick, where the Meafure is good, and the Movement flow. See Musick, Song, Measure, ££c.

ALLER Good, in our antient Writers. — The Word Alter ferves to make the Exprcflion of fuperlative Signification. So, Alter Good is the greater! Good. Sometimes it is wrote Alder.

— - — — 1 ALLERION,or Alerion, in Heraldry,as

n^Kril (rVt£) I fort of Eaglet, without either Beak, or Wi WA Wings. See Eaglet.

1 The Allerion appears much the fame with the Martlet, except that the Wings of the former are fhut, and they are reprefented,as it were, Paffant 5 whereas the Allerion is fpread, and is rcprefented In pale. Add, that among our Heralds, the Martlet has a Beak. See Martlet.

The Name is French ; and is faid to have been introduced for the Word Eaglet : "Tis added, that the Practice of calling JLagltts, Allerions, and of reprcfenting'em fpread, without Feet and Beaks, is not above an hundred Years old. Hence, Menage derives the Word from Aquilario, a Diminutive of Aquila,

ALLEU, or Allode, in our ancient Cuftoms. See Al- lodial.

ALLEVIARE, in old Records, to levy or pay an accuf- tomed Fine or Compofition. See Levy.

ALLEVIATION, the Act of alleviating, i. e. of allay- ing, or eafing any Grievance : as a Pain, Difeafe, £*?c. See Palliating; fee alfo Pain, &g. -The Word is com- pounded of ad, and levis, Light.

ALLEY, in Gardening, a (trait parallel Walk, border'd or bounded on each hand with Trees, Shrubs, or the like. See Garden, Walk, Edging, %$c.

Alleys are ufually laid either with Grafs or Gravel, See

GRASS-W^f/fe, and GRAVEL-J%/fc.

An Alley is diftinguifh'd from a Tatb, in this ; that in an

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Alley there muft always be room enough for two Perfons. it leaft, to walk a-breall : So that it mutt never be lefs than five Feet in breadth ; and there are feme who hold that it ought never to have more than fifteen.

Counter-Alleys, are the little Allies by the Sides of the great ones.— A From- Alley, is that which runs {trait in the Face of a Building.— A Tranfvsrfe Alley, that which cuts the former at right Angles.— A Diagonal-Alley, that which cuts a Square, Thicket, Parterre, (£c. from Angle to Annie. —A Sloping- Alley, is that which either by reafon of The Lownefs of the Point of Sight, or of the Ground, is neither parallel to the Front, nor to the Tranfverfe Alleys.

An Alky in Ziiczac, is that which has too great a Defcent, and which, on that account, is liable to be damaged by Floods ; to prevent the ill Effects whereof, it has Plat- bands of Turf running acrofs it from Space to Space, which help to keep up the Gravel. This I aft Name is likewifo given to an Alley in a Labyrinth, or Wildernefs, form'd by feveral returns of Angles, in order to render it the more fo- litary and obfeure, and to hide its Iffue.

Alley in Terfietlive, is that which is larger at the En- trance than at the Iffue 5 to give it a greater Appearance of length.

Alley of Compartiment, is that which feparates the Squares of a Parterre.

The Word Alley is derived from the French Verb Alter, to go ; the ordinary ufe of an Alley being for a Walk, Paf- fage, or Thorow-fare from one Place to another.

ALLIANCE, the Union or Connection of two Perfons, or two Families, by means of Marriage; called &l(o Affi- nity. See Marriage, and Affinity.

The Law of the Twelve Tables forbids all Alliance be- tween Perfons of unequal Rank and Condition.— And in 'Portugal, we are told, the Daughters of the Nobility are prohibited to ally with fuch as have never been in the Wars. The Word is form'd of the Latin ad ligatio, q. d. a tying together.

Alliance is alfo extended to the Leagues, or Treaties of Peace concluded between fovereign Princes and States, for their mutual Safety and Defence. SeeTREATY,LEAGuE,!2?<;. The Triple Alliance between England, Holland, and Sice- den, is famous.' — So is the Qjiadnple Alliance, between England, Holland, the Emperor, and King of France.

In this Senfe, we fay, Allies, for Confederates : The King and his Allies ; the Allies of the Treaty of Hanover, &c. See Confederate.

ALLIGATION, in Arithmetick, a Rule or Operation, whereby Queftions are refolved, relating to the Mixture of divers Commodities or Ingredients together, with the Value, Effect, igc. thereof. See Rule, Mixture, &c.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Alligare, to tie toge- ther ; byre.fon, perhaps, of a fort of Vincuta, or circular Ligatures, ordinarily ufed to connect the feveral Numbers together. Alligation is of two Kinds, Medial and Alternate. Alligation Medial, is when from the feveral Quanti- ties and Rates of divers Simples given, we difcover the mean Rate of a Mixture compounded out of 'em.

The feveral Cafes hereof, will come under the following Rules.

The Quantity of the Ingredients, and the Trices of each being given 5 to find the Trice or Value offome part of the

Mixture. Multiply the Ingredients feverally by their own

Prices, and divide the Sum of thofe Products by the Sum of the Ingredients ; the Quotient anfwers the Queftion.

'the Trices of the feveral Ingredients, and the Sum paid or received for the Mixture being given ; to find what

quantity of each was bought or fold. Divide the Sum

paid or received, by the Sum of the particular Prices ; the Quotient is the Anfwer.

The Ingredients of a Mixture being given, to augment or diminijb the Mixture proportionally. — Sum up the Ingre- dients ; then fay, As that Sum is to the Augmentation or Di- minution, fo is the Quantity of each Parcel of the Mixture, to the Quantity of the Mixture defired.

The Nature, Quality, &c. of the feveral Ingredients of a Mixture being given, to find the Temperament or Degree of Finenefs refuting from the IVhde.—Vtece the feveral Quan- tities of the Mixture in Rows ; againft which place orderly their feveral Qualities of Finenefs ; and multiply each Quan- tity by its own Quality or Degree of Finenefs: then, as the Sum of the Quantities is to their Products, fo is Unity, to the Quality or Finenefs of the Mixture.

The Quantities of a Mixture being given ; to find the particular Quantities of any Ingredient in any part of tie Mixture.— — -'If the Mixture be of only rwo Things, fay, As the Total of the Ingredients in the Compofition, is to the Part of the Mixture propofed ; fo is the Quantity of the Ingredient propofed in the whole Compofition, to the Quan- tity of the Ingredient in the Part defired. — If the Mixture confift of more Ingredients, repeat the Work for each.

Given the Total of a Mixture, with the whole Value, and

the Values of the feveral Ingredients ; to find the feveral

S Qjian-