Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1041

 HYP

HYPHEN, an Accent or Character in Grammar, which implies, that two Words are to be join'd or connected into one Compound Word. — As, Male-Sanus, Male-Adminiftra- tion. See Accent, Character, g>c.

HYPNOTICK, in Medicine, a Remedy which promotes or induces Sleep; cali'd alfo Soporific, Opiate, &c. See Soporific, Opiates, &c.

The Word comes from the Greek vti>Q-, fomnus, Sleep.

HYPO, a Greek Particle, retain'd in the Composition of divers Words borrow'd from that Language.

The Greek Prepofition ifeiS, Hypo, literally denotes under, beneath : In which Senfe it HandToppos'd tt>vmp,fiiper, above,

HYPOBOLE, in Rhetoric, a Figure whereby we anfwer before-hand, to what we apprehend the Adverfary will objecr.

The Word comes from the Greek, M, and Jiwn, jack, I caft.

HYPOCATHARS1S, in Medicine, a too faint or feeble Purgation. See Purgation.

The Word is compounded of vot; fab, under, and >#3w/f<y, I purge.

HYPOCAUSTUM, among the Greeks and Romans, was a fubterraneous Place, wherein was a Furnace that ferv'd to heat the Baths. -.- Vitruvius calls it Caldarium. See Bath, tic

The Ancients had properly two Sorts of Hypocaufta ; the one cali'd by Cicero Vaporarium, and by others Laconicum or Sudatio ; which was a large fweating Bath, in which were three brazen Veffels, cali'd Caliarium, Tepidarimn, and Frigidarium, according to the Water contain'd therein.

The other Sort of Hypocaujtum, was a Sort of Fornax or Kiln to heat their Winter Parlours, Ccenatiunculie Hytern, fub, under, and the Verb v&ia, incendo, I burn.

HYPOCHYMA, or Hypochysis, in Medicine, a Dif- cafe of the Eyes, popularly cali'd CataraBs. See Cata- ract.

The Word is Greek, uW^fw, which literally denotes iliedding, Effufion, or pouring out ; the Difeafe having formerly been fuppos'd to arife from an Effufion of fome vifcid Humour upon the Pupil.

HYPOCHYS1S, in Medicine. See Hypochyma.

HYPOCIST1S, in Medicine, a Juice, us'dm the Compo- sition of Treacle, &c. See Treacle, $£c.

The Hypccifiis is the Juice, of a Shoot of the fame Name, fprouting out from the Foot of a kind of Ciftus Tree, cali'd Laudanum ; common enough in the hot Countries. See Laudanum.

The Snoot grows about a Foot high ; and one, two, or three Inches thick ; fomewhat bigger at Top than at Bot- tom ; foft, fucculenf, of a yellowifti Colour, and iurround- ed from Space to Space with a Sort of Rings, or brownifli Knots,

When gather'd, they pound it in a Mortar, and exprels the Juice : That done, they evaporate it on the Fire till it come to the Confidence of a hard black i (h Extraft, like Spanifo Liquorice. Then they make it up into little Cakes for Carriage.

It is of a tart aftringent Tafte, and us'd to flop Fluxes ot the Belly, Vomitings, and Hemorrhages ; tho' anciently much more than at prefent. It is alio an Ingredient in Treacle, and lome Unguents.

It is fometimes us'd as a Subftitute to Acacia. —Dr. putn- ey fays, it is the more powerful of the two. See Acacia.

The Word is Greek, form'd of utii, under, and xir©->

Ciflus. ..

HYPOCONDRIA, or Hypochondria, in Anatomy, a Space on each Side the Epigaftric Region, or upper Part of the lower Belly. See Abdomen and Epigastric.

The Hypocondria compofe the upper Part of the Epigaflri- um. They are fituate on each Side, between theCartilago Enfiformis, and the Cartilages of the Ribs, and the Tip of the Bread 5 and are divided, with refpefl to their Situation, into Right and Left. . ■

In the Right Hypocondrium the Liver is found ; and in the Left the Spleen, and a great Part of the Stomach. See Liver, Spleen, lie. -,„,,„., . c

Hippocrates fometimes ufes the Word Hypocondrium for the whole lower Venter or Belly. See Venter

The Hypocondria are fubjecr to divers Diforders. See

HYFOCONDRlAcfB/Je/l/e. . ,_. ', ,

The Word is compos'd of the Prepofition uct, Jut, under, and rfrJ\t&, Cartilage ; q. d. Canilagini Subjacent, or un- der the Cartilages of the Ribs, gfc. See Cartilage.

HYPOCONDRIAC Difeafe, AiieBmn, or Taflxm, is the fame with what we populatly call the Spleen, Vapours, gc. See Disease. '

The Hypocondriac is a very «omprehenfive Difeafe : It is

( 279 )

H T P

varioufly denominated, accotding to the various Symptom's it is attended with, and the various Parts where it is fuppos'd to be feated, or in which it arifes.

When conceiv'd as fituate in. the Hypocondriac Regions, or arifing from fome Diforder of the Parts contain'd therein, viz. the Spleen, Liver, (Jc. it is properly cali'd the H\po- condriacal Difeafe, Spleen, &c.

When conceiv'd as owing to fome Diforder of the Womb, it is cali'd Hyfieric JffiBion, &c. See Hysteric

And lallly, when the flatulent Rumblings in the Interlines, Belches, i§c. are confider'd, it is cali'd the Vapours. See Vapours.

The Hypocondriac is a very common and obftinate Dif- eafe : Few Men of a fcdentary Life, and fewer Women, are free from it : Its Symptoms ate very numerous : The moft ufual, are a Pain in the Stomach, Windinefs, Vomit- ings, a Swelling or Diflenfion of the Hypocondrium 's or upper Part of the Belly, Noifes and Rumblings in the lower Venter, wandering Pains, a Conflriflion of the Breaft, Difficulty of Bteathing, Palpitation of the Heart, Fainting*, Vigiliie, Inquietudes, Swimming of the Head, Fear, Sus- picions, Melancholy, Deliriums, ££?<;, Not that all thefe Accidents befal every I'erlbn feiz'd with this Difeale ; but fometimes fome of them, and at other Times others, ac- cording to the Conflitution, &c. of the Patient.

In eff"ccf,the Hypccondriacal isa very vague, indeterminate Sort of Dilotder. Dr. Sydenham obferves, that its Symptoms ape or emulate thofe of moft other Difeafes ; and that what- ever Part it is in, it produces fomewhat like the common Dif- eafes of that Part.— Thus, in the Head, it ptoduces a Sort of Apoplexy ; Fits like the Epileply, cali'd Hyfieric Fits ; in- tolerable Head-ach, (£c. In Perfons affecfed with the Chlo- rofis, it produces a Palpitation of the Heart ; fometimes, tho' rarely, it ieizes the Lungs, and caufes a continu.tl dry Cough ; It alfo imitates the Cholic, and Iliac Paflion, and fometimes the Stone, Jaundice, £S*c. In the Interlines it produces a Diarrhaa ; in the Stomach, Naufeas: Some- times it feizes the extetnal Parts, and particularly the Back, which it renders chilly and painful; and the Legs and Thighs, which it fwells fa as to referable the Dropfy ; Seizing the Teeth, it refembles the Scurvy (indeed, Mt- muller makes the Scurvy itfelf to be only a gteat Degree of this Difeafe). Laflly, which is the moft unhappy Circunr- ftance of all, the Patient is more affeffed in Mind than in Body.

The Seat of this Difeafe is commonly fuppos'd to be in the Animal Spirits, and the netvous Syftem. Its Caufe is referr'd to an acid Salt abounding in the Mats of Blood ; to which the ill Difpofition of the Stomach, and the other Parts contain'd in the Epigaftrium, may greatly conttibute. 'Purcett affigns Crudities and Indigeftions as the prime Caufe. According to Sydenham, vehement Motions of the Body, or more ufually violent Perturbations of the Mind, as Grief, Anger, Fear, ££e. are its procatarftic Caufes.

For the Cute, the principal Indication is to purify and Strengthen the Blood, which is to be effected, after proper Evacuations, by Chalybeats, Bitters, Strengthners, and Vo- latile Spirits. The Cortex has alfo notable Virtues in this Difeafe; as alfo a Milk Diet. Riding is admirable. Sy- denham.

HypocondriAcal Medicines, ate Remedies proper in the Hypocondriac Difeafe.

Such are all thofe which tend to purify the Blood, Hu- mours, and Spirits ; as Chervil, Balm, Agrimony, and the other Cephalic and Cardiac Herbs : Such alfo are thofe which purge Melancholy or Atrabilis, and thole which dip. pel Wind and Vapours; and all Medicines good for Dilor- ders of the Nerves, particulatly Vervain both Male and Female ; but above all, frequent, gentle, Anodyne Purges.

HypocondriAcal Regions. See Hypocondria.

HYPOCRAS, or rather Hippocras, Vinum Hippecrati. cum, a kind of medicated Wine. See Wine.

Hypocras is a Drink or Beverage compos'd of Wine, with Spices and other Ingredients infus'd therein ; much us'd among the French by Way of Dram after Meals. _ There are various Kinds of Hypocras, according to the Kind of Wine, and the other additional Ingredients made ufe of ; white Hypccras, red Hypocras, Claret Hypocras, Strawberry Hypocras, Hypocras without Wine, Cyder Hy- pocras, &c.

That directed in our College Difpenfatory, is to be made of Cloves, Ginger, Cinnamon, and Nutmegs, beat, infus'd in Canary, with Sugar ; to the Infufion, Milk, a Lemon, and fome Slips of Rofcmary to be put, and the whole ftrain'd thro' a Flannel.

It is recommended as a Cordial, good in Paralytic, Apo- plectic, and all nervous Cafes.

Menage approves the Conje3ure of thofe who derive Hy- pocras from Hyppocrates, as iuppofing him the Inventor here- of — Others derive the Word from the Greek u'-ai and ymgavwiu, to mix.

HYPODROME. See Hippodrome,

HYPOG^EU.M,