Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1029

 JiUS

. HURRICANE, a Whirlwind; or a Storm of Wind arifing From a Contrariety and Oppofition of feveral Winds. See Wind and Whirlwind.

Hurricanes are frequent in the Eaft and Weft Indies; making terrible Ravages in the Idands thereof; blowing down Houfes, rooting up Trees, and even whole Woods,

They begin in the North, but turn round ; and in a little time veer thro' all the Points of the Compafs.

'Tis the Cuftom for the French and Engliftj Inhabitants in the Caribbee I/lands, to fend every Year about June to the Native Caribbees of St. 'Dominico and St. Vincent, to know whether there will be any Hurricanes that Year : And about ten or twelve Days e'er any Hurricane come, they con- flantly fend them Word.

The Frognoilicks thofe Barbarians go by, are given us by Capt. Langford, who, in 169), engag'd one of them, by Civilities, to reveal them to hitn.

'Tis one of their Principles, that all Hurricanes come either on the Day of the Full, Change, or Quarter of the Moon ; each of which is difcover'd by a Number of Phe- nomena the preceding Quarters, as, a turbulent Sky, Sun red, univerfai Calm, the Stars appearing red, Noifes in Hollows or Caviries of the Earth, ftrong Smell of rhe Sea, a fettled wefterly Wind, t£c.

That Author affures us, he receiv'd this Benefit from the Information, that whereas Hurricanes are lo dreadful, that all Ships are afraid to put out to Sea while they lad, and chufe rather to perifh at Anchor in the Roads 5 yet, with good Management, a VefTel may lie out at Sea in thefe, as iafely as other Storms, by taking Ca'e the Ports be well barr'd and calked, the Topmads and Tops taken down, the Ifards a port laced, and the Doors and Windows fecur'd. — With thefe Precautions, that experienc'd Navigator pre- ferv'd his VefTel in two grear Hurricanes, and. taught others how to do the fame, by putting out from Port, where they would inevitably have perifh'd. And from the Prognofticks above, he foretold feveral Hurricanes at Land.

He adds, that all Hurricanes begin from the North, and turn to the Weftward, till arriving at the South-Eaff, their Force is fpent.

The Caufe he fuggeds to be the Sun's leaving the Zenith of thofe Places, and going back towards the South ; and the repelling or bounding back of the Wind, occafion'd by the calming of the general Trade Wind. 'Philosophical Tranfatiions, N°. 246.

HUSfBAND, Mar'mts, a Man join'd or contracted with a Woman, in Marriage. See Marriage.

By the Laws of England, the Wife is fuppos'd wholly under the Dominion of her Husband, nor can aft or will any thing of herfelf See Wipe, Feme, &c.

In Germany, the Power of the Husband is not fb exten- live ; even the Princes of the Empire have not a Sovereign and Defpotic Power over their Wives and Children. — pa- gcnftechcr, a German Lawyer, has a DifTertation to prove, that, by the Law of Nature, a Husband has nor a defpotic Power over his Wife ; and that Marriage is not Monarchy. He druggies hard to explain that Paffage of St. "Paul to the Ephefians, cap. v. 22. confidently with his Scheme.

J. Philip Palthen, Profeflor of Law at Grypfvali, gives us a very learned DifTertation on the Husband of a Queen, who is not King, "De Marito Regime. He defines him a Man marry'd with a Princefs that holds a Crown by Right of Inheritance, but who only contracted Marriage wirh him, on Condition that the Marriage diould not change his Con- dition, nor give him any Command over his Wife, or joint Authority with her ; nor intitle him to fucceed to any of her Royalties after her Deceafe, without the Intervention of fome further A3. Hence he concludes, that in fuch Cafe 'tis the Qiieen is really King. See Queen and King.

This however, does not hinder but rhe Husband may be a King elfewhere, and in that Quality fuperior to his Wife ; for a Maiden Queen may either marry a Sovereign Prince, or a Subjecf, and this either of her own Realm, or another : Of all which Cafes he gives Indances : As, that of Ferdi- nand and Ifabella,vinok Marriage did not give any Authority to the one over the Kingdom of Arragon, nor to the other over that of Caftile ; of foan. Daughter of Ifabella, and •Philip of Atiftria ; 'Philip II. of Spain, and Mary Queen of England ; the two Joans Queens of Naples ; Mary Queen of Scots and the Dauphin of France ; and laftly, Queen Anne whofe Husband was her Subjeft, yielded Homage to her as her Vaflal, and took an Oath of Fidelity to her as her Minider. M. Palthen proceeds to examine in what Kingdoms this may happen ; and fhews, that it cannot be in an elective Kingdom, nor an ufufrucfuary one ; whence he concludes, that we mall never fee ir in Poland, France, or Germany ; but that there are Indances of it in all the other Monarchies, of any danding, in Europe. He goes on to fhew, that a Queen ought not to marry a King ; that it is no Violation of the Conjugal Society, for her Husband to

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be fubjecT ; to her; and anfwers all the Difficulties that ma* be darted w.th regard thereto, particularly from Paffanea of Scripture, as If 111. 11. Cor. xiv. u. Gen. iii. 6. Eph, v. 23. Col. in. 18, £$c. x '

HUSK, among Botanifls, the Part which a Flower grows out of. See Flower. s

Ol thefe there are feveral Kinds, as bulbous or round Husks, Sottle Husks, middle Husks, Foot Husks, HoCe Husks. &c. See HoSE-ifosfc, igc.

HUSSARS, Hussards, or Hussar ts, an Order or Species of Soldiery in Poland and Hungary, commonly oppos'd to the Ottoman Cavalry.

The ^ Hujfars are Horfemen, cloarh'd in Tygers and Other Skins, and garnifh'd and let out with Plumes of Fea- thers. Their Arms are the Sabre and Bayonet.

They are very refolute ; firm Partifans ; and better in a hafly Expedition, than a let Battle.

The Emperor and King of France have of thefe Huffhrs in thrir Service. {

HUSSITES, a Party of Reformers, the Followers of John Hus. See Reformation.

John Hus, from whom the Httjjites take their Name, was born in a little Village of Bohemia, call'd Hus. — He fell into the Sentiments of WicUif and the Waldenfes ; and in the Year 1407, began openly to oppofe and preach againd divers Errors in Doftrine, as well as Corruptions in Point at Difcipline, then reigning in the Church. See Wickeiffis!* and Waldenses. '

He was condemn'd, with Jerom of Prague, by the Coun- cil of Conftance, and butnr, in the Year 141 5 : But his Difciples dill duck to his Doflrines. -- Job. Zifca, being put at their Head in "Bohemia, maintain'd War a long Time againfl the Emperor Sigifmoud, with great Succefs. And -w Procopius Holy, another of their Leaders, conducted them * with equal Courage.

The Huf/ites fpread oyer all Bohemia and Hungary, and even Silejia and Poland ; and there are fome Remains of them dill fubliding in all thofe Parts.

HUSTINCS, Hustingum, from the Saxon, Hus, Houfe, and Thing, Caufe ; q. d. dom"S caufarum, a ffoule where Caufes are heard ; cr rather, from Huphge, Court or Coun- cil : Is the principal and highed Court in London, held in Guild-hall. See Court and Guild hall.

Of the great Antiquity of this Court, we find this Men- tion in the Laws of King Edward the ConfefTur. — "Debet etiam in London qua eft caput Regni KJ Legnm, femper curia "Domini Regis fmgulis feprinwms, "Die Lung Hudin^ gis federe 1$ teneri : fimdata erat dim Sj tedifcata ad inftar £? ad modum ££? in memoriam veteris magna Jrojf, £5? ufqus in hodiemum diem, Leges, & Jura & Dignitates, 55? Liber- tates Regiafque confuetuiines j'uas una femper in'oiolabilitate confervat. 'Taylor's Hid. of Gavel-kind.

This Court is held before the Mayor and Aldermen of London. — Error or Artaint lies there of a Judgmenr or falfe Verdifl in the Sheriffs Courts.

Other Cities and Towns had alfo Courts of the fame Name, as Winchefter, Lincoln, Tork, Shippey, ckc.

HUT, from the Saxon, Hutte, a fma.ll Cottage or Hovel. See Cottage and Hovel.

The Word is alfo us'd for the Soldiers Lodges in the Field. See Barrack.

HUXING of the Pike, among Fifhermen, a particular Method of catching that Fifh ; very diverting. See Pike. Fishing.

For rhis Purpofe, they take thirty or forty as large Blad- ders as can be got ; blow them up, and tye them dole and drong ; and at the Mouth of each, tye a Line, longer or /hotter, according to the Depth of the Water. At the. End of the Line is faften'd an armed Hook, artificially baited ; and thus they are pur into the Water with the Ad- vantage of the Wind, that they may gently move up and down the Pond.

Now, when a Mader Pike has druck himfelf, it affords a deal of Entertainment to fee him bounce it about in the Water with a Bladder at his Tail ; at lad, when they per- ceive him almod fpent, they take him up.

HYACINTH, or Jacinth, in Natural Hidory, a pre- cious Stone ; thus call'd from its Refemblance of the Purple Flower nam'd Hyacinth. See Precious Stone.

There are four Sorts of Hyacinths: thofe intermix'd with a Vermillion Colour ; thofe of a Saffron Colour ; thofe of an Amber Colour ; and, laftly, thofe of a white, intermix'd with a flight red.

Hyacinths, again, are didinguifh'd into Oriental and Oc- cidental. The Oriental come from Calicut and Cambaya, and are equal in Hardnefs to the Oriental Amethyd. — The Occidental are found in Bohemia and Portugal, which are a Degree fofrer.

The Srone graves or cuts fine, and would be more us'd for Seals, SJ?c. but that the Graving frequently coft« mors than the Stone.


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