Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1024

 HUN

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HUN

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Thus aifu it is, that poor People frequently fmoak Tobacco to deceive their Hinder, not to Satisfy it ; for Tobacco affords no Nutriment - 7 but it occafions a plentiful Spitting, and by this Means difcharges the Body of the corrofive Humour which caufes Hunger.

This Syftem Dr. T)rake thus lays down : — When all the Chyme and Chvle is prefs'd out, the Stomach, which follows the'Motions of its Contents, is again, by means of its mufcular Coat, redue'd to a State of Contraction, and by that Means the Inner is brought to lay in Folds, which touching, and by means of the Periftaltick Motion, rubbing lightly, upon one another, produce that gentle Senfe of fretting or Vellication, which we call Hunger, which being felt firit in the upper Orifice, which is firft evacuated, begins there to prompt us to replenifh : But as by Degrees the Remainder of the Con- tents are expell'd, this Friction or Rubbing of the Mem- branes upon each other, fpreads gradually over the whole Stomach, and renders our H'.ivger more urgent and impa- tient, till, by a new Repletion, we take away the Caufe.

Others think the Blood, derivM from the adjacent Ra- mifications of Arteries into the Stomach, fufficient to ac- count for Hunger, without the Mediation either of Attrition or the Menftruum. — The Mafs of Blood itfelf, they ob- ierve, is render'd acid thro' Abftinence from Food ; its foft balfamic Parts having been carry'd into all Parts of the Body, and lodg'd therein as Nutriment, to fupply the Ab- ience of thofe wore off and exhal'd : To which it may be added, that the Velocity of the Blood is confiderably aug- mented a good while after eating, beyond what it was dur- ing the Action of Digeftion.

Hence it is, that Perfons of a bilious Conftitution, young People, and thofe who labour hard, muft fbouer find them- felves hungry than others. 2 . That Hunger, if it hold long, occafions a violent Heat, and even fometimes a Fever. 3 . That thofe whofe Humours are crafs and vifcid, are lefs incommoded with Hunger than others.

In effect, we obferve, that fome Animals, whofe Humours are found to have thoie Conditions, as Tortoifes, £#;. will live a long time without Food.— For Man, fix orfeven Days are commonly fuppos'd the Limit within which, if he take no folid Food, he dies ; tho' we have Inftances of Ablti- nence which far iurpafs this. See Abstinence and Fast- ing.

Hungry Evil, is an unnatural and over-hafly Greedi- nefs in a Horfe, to devour his Meat fafter than he can chew it ; and may be known by his fnatching at it as if he would devour it whole.

HUNTING, the Art or Aft of purfuing and chafing Beafls of Game. See Game.

In its general Senfc Hunting includes the Purfuit both of hairy and feather'd Game 5 but in its more proper and re- itrain'd Signification, it is only applicable to Eeaffs of Vencry and Chace. See Beast. See alfo Fowling.

F. de Launay, Profeffor of the French Laws, has an ex- prefs Treatife of Hunting. — From thofe Words of God to Adam, Gen. i. 26 and 28. and to Noab> Gen. ix. 2, 5. Hunting was confider'd as a Right devolv'd, or made over to Man 5 And the following Ages appear to have been of the fame Sentiment, Accordingly we find that among the more civiliz'd Nations, as the Perfians, Greeks, and Ro?nans, it made one of their genteeler Diverfions ; and. as to the wilder and more barbarous, it ferv'd them for Food and Neceffarics. — The Roman Jurifprudence, which was form'd on the Manners of the firft Ages, made a Law of it 5 and eftablifh'd it as a Maxim, that as the natural Right of Things which have no Matter, belongs to the firit Poffeffor, wild Beafts, Birds, and Fillies, are the Property of whoever can take them full.

But the Northern Nations of Barbarians, who over-run the Roman Empire, bringing with them a ftronger Tafte for the Diverfion ^ and the People being now poflefs'd of other, and more eafy Means of Subfiftence from the Lands and Pofleffions of thofe they had vanquifh'd 5 their Chiefs and Leaders began to appropriate the Right of Hunting, and, inflead of a natural Right, to make it a Royal one. — Thus it continues to this Day ; the Right of Hunting, among us, belonging only to the King, a nd^ thofe who derive it from him. See King, Lord, t$C.

And hence all our Laws and Charters of the Foreft, Laws and Regulations for Preservation of the Game, &c. See Forest and Game.

Hunting is praftis'd in a different Manner, and with a different Apparatus, according to the Nature, Genius, and Addreis of the particular Beait which is the Subject thereof — Thefe Beafts are the Hart, Hind, Hare, Boar, Wolf, Buck, Doe, Fox, Marten, and Roe ; the five firft whereof are denominated Beails of the Forejf, or Vexery, Sylvejlres - 7 and the five latter, Beafts of the Field, or of Chace, Cam- fefires.

The Gentlemen and Matters of the Sport have fram'd a new Set of Terms, which may be call'd the Hunting Lan-

guage 5 a little View or Vocabulary whereof we fhall here give the Reader.

The Terms, then, us'd for Beafts of Venery and Chace. as they are in Company, are thefe. — They fay, A Herd of Harts, and all Manner of Deer. — A 'Bevy of Rue?. — A Sounder of Swine. — A Rout of Wolves. — A Richefs of Martens. — A 'Brace or Leap of Bucks, Foxes, or Flares. — A Couple of Rabbets or Conies.

There are alfo Terms for their Lodging.— A Hart isfaidto Harbour. — A Buck Lodges. — A Roe Beds. — A Hare Scats. or Forms. — A Coney Sits. — A Fox Kennels. — A Marten Trees. — An Otter Watches. — A Badger Earths. — A Boar Couches.

Hence, to exprefs their diflodging, we fay, Unharboitr the Hart. — Roufe the Buck. — Start the Hare. — Bolt the Coney. — Unkennel the Fox. — Tree the Marten. — Vent the Otter. — T)ig the Badger. — Rear the Boar.

The Terms for their Noife at Rutting Time are as fol- lows : — - A Hart Belleth. — A Buck Qrowns or "Treats. — A Roe Bellows. — A Hare Beats or Taps. — An Otter Whines. — A Boar Frearas. — A Fox Barks. — A Badger Shrieks. — A Wolf Howls. — A Goat Rattles.

Terms for their Copulation. — A Hart or Buck goes to Rut. — A Roe goes to T'oum. — A Boar goes to Brim. — A Hare or Coney go to Buck. — A Fox goes to Clickitting. — A Wolf goes to Match or Make. — An Otter Hunteth for his Kind.

Terms for the Footing and Treading. — Of a Hart we fay the Slot. — Of a Buck, and all fallow Deer : the View. — Of all Deer, if on the Grafs, and fcarce vifible, the Foiling.— Of a Fox the sprint ; and other the like Vermin the Footing.— Of an Otter the Marks. — Of a Boar the Track. — The Hare, when in open Field, is faid to Sore ; when fhe winds about to deceive the Hounds, /he "Doubles ; when /lie beats on the hard Highway, and her Footing come to be perceiv'd, Hie 'Pricketh -. In Snow, it is call'd the Trace of the Hare.

The Tail of a Hart, Buck, or other Deer, is call'd the Single. — That of a Boar, the fflreath. — Of a Fox, the Bntfb or T)rag ; and the Tip at the End, the Chape. — Of a Wolf, the Stem. — Of a Hare and Coney, the Scut.

The Ordure or Excrement of a Hart, and all Deer, is call'd Fewments or Fewipwg. — Of a Hare, Cronies or Cro- tifing. — Of a Boar, Ltjfes. — Of a Fox, the Billiting ; and of other the like Vermin, the FuantS. — Of an Otter, the Spraints.

As to the Heads of Deer, fomething has already been fnoken under the Article Head.

For the Attire, or Parts thereof, thofe of a Stag, if per- fect, are the Bur, the 'Pearls, the little Knobs on it, the Beam, the Gutters, the Antler, the Snr-Antler, Royal, Sur- Royal, and all at Top the Croches. — Of the Buck, the Bw% Beam, Brow-Antler, Black-Antkr, Advancer, Palm, and Spellers.

If the Croches grow in the Form of a Man's Hand, it. is call'd a 'Palmed Head. — Heads bearing not above three or four, and the Croches placed aloft, all of one Height, are call'd Crowned Heads. — Heads having doubling Croches, are call'd Forked Heads, becauTe the Croches are planted on the Top of the Beam like Forks.

They fay, a Litter of Cubs, a Neft of Rabbets, a Scmir- rcls T)rav.

The Terms us'd in refyecl: of the Dogs, &c, are as fol- low. — Of Greyhounds, two make a Brace ; of Hounds, a Couple. — Of Greyhounds, three make a Leap ; of Kounds, a Couple and Half. — They fay, let flip a Greyhound ; and cafi off a Hound. — The String wherein a Greyhound is led, is call'd a Leap 5 and that of a Hound a Lyome.— -The Greyhound has his Collar, and the Hound his Couples. — We fay a Kennel of Hounds, and a Pack of Beagles.

Styles or Man ners of Hu ntinc,

The Styles or Manners of Hunting are various, according to the Country, the. Beaft, and the Means whereby he is to be caught.

The Hunting us'd by the Ancients, was much like that now pracfis'd for the Rain Deer ; which is feldom hunted at Force, or with Hounds 5 but only drawn with a Blood- hound, and forefhill'd with Nets and Engines. — Thus did they with all Bcaiis $ whence a Dog is never commended by them for Of-ening, before he has difcover'd where the Beaft lies : Hence, they were not in any Manner curious as to the Mufick of their Hounds, or the Compofition of their Kennel ■ or Pack, either for Deepnefs, Loudneft, or Sweetnefs of Cry, which is a principal Point in the Hunting of our Days.

Their Huntfmen, indeed, were accuflom'd to fhout and make a great Noife, as Virgil obferves in the third of his Georgicks-. lngentem clamore fremes ad retiaCervwn. But that Confufion was only to bring the Deer to the Nets laid for him.

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