Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1022

 HUM

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HUM

Such a Student has gone tW bis Humanities with Ap* plaufe : Calvin performed his Humanities in the College de la Marche at Warts.

HUMECTATIQN, Moiftening, in Pharmacy, the pre- paring of a Medicine, by fteeping it a while in Water, in order to foftcri and moiften it when too dry, to cleanfe it, or to prevent its fubtiie Parts from being diiupated in grind- ing it, or the like. See Humidity.

'The Term is alfo us'd for the Application of moiftening or fuppling Remedies. — In this Scnfe wc fay, Embrocati ons, Emplafters, Unclions, HumeBations, Fomentations, &c.

The Word is Latin* HumeBatio, of Humor, Moifture.

HUMERUS, in Anatomy, or Os Humeri, the upper- most Bone of the Arm, popularly call'd the Shoulder Sone ; extending from the Scapula or Shoulder-blade, to the upper End of the Cubitus, or Elbow. See Arm and Shoulder,

The Humerus, is a large, long, round fiftular Bone, of a pretty hard, compact Subftance ; and its inwa*d Cavity, which contains the Marrow, pretty long and large.

At its upper End it has a large round Head, which is eover'd with a very fmooth Cartilage, and receiv'd into the Cavity of the Scapula, which makes a Juncture per Ar- throdiam. — This Head of the Bone being much larger than the Socket into which it is receiv'd, the Part extant is ftrift- ly embrac'd by a Ligament, one Edge of which is faften'd to the Margin of the Cartilaginous Socket of the Scapula, and the other to the lower Part of the Head of this Bone, thereby uniting them firmly together $ yet fo as to leave the Motion the fteefl of all the Articulations of the Body, and therefore liable to Diflocations. See Scapula.

At the lower End of the Humerus are two Procefles, co- vev'd each with a Cartilage ; the external and letter receiving the Extremity of the Radius $ and the internal, the Head of the Cubitus. See Radius.

On the Out-fide of each of thefe Procefles, Is a fmall Eminence, to' which are faften'd the Ligaments and Heads of the Mufcks that move the Girpus and Fingers. See Carpus.

In this Bone are alfb three Sinus's ; one on the fore Side of the large' Procefs, receiving a Procefs of the Cubi- tus 5 another on the back Part which receives the Olecra- num ; and the third, a fmall femilunar one between the two Procefles, anfwering to the Eminence of the Sinus's of the Cubitus. See Cueitus.

The later Anatemifts allow this Bone five different Moti- ons, »/«,• upwards, downwards, forwards, backwards, and rotatory 5 and five Pair of Mufcles for Performance of the fame, viz-, the CDeltoidcs, Teres, TeBoralis, Infraspinatus, Stibfcapitlaris, ikc< See each under its proper Article, Del- XOides, Teres, &c.

HUMID, Humidum, moift. See Humidity.

The School Philofophers make Water the primum Humi- ditim, the firft of humid Bodies, and the Caufe or Principle of Humidity in others, which are more or lefs moift, as they partake more or lefs of this Element. See Water and Element.

HUMIDITY, or Moifture, the Quality or Power of wet- ting or moiftening other Bodies. See Quality.

Ariftotle defines Humidity, by a paflive Quality which indifpofes a Body from being rctain'd in its own Bounds, but makes it eafily retain'd in thofe of another : which amounts to' the fame as his Definition of Fluidity, See Fluidity.

Others of the Peripatetick School, make Humidity 'a Qua- lity whereby a Body is humid, /'. e. moiftens other Bodies, and, in moiftening, fbftens and difpofes them to receive any Figure or Imprcftion.

The modern Writers confider Humidity as a particular Species of Fluidity ; and define it a Fluor, whkh being ap- ply'd on a folid Body, adheres thereto, and communicates the Quality to other Bodies. — Others, fomewhat more ac- curately, call Humidity the Power whereby a Body moiftens another : But what that Power is, they do not fhew.

But of this we are certain, that Humidity is no more than a Sort of relative Mode. — So far as the component Particles of a Fluid, compar'd with reflect to the Pores and Particles of other Bodies, or the Texture thereof, are apt and difpos'd to enter thofe Pores, or ftick to thofe Particles 5 fo far is that Fluid humid : On the contrary, ^o far as there is a Re- pugnance or Incongruity between the Particles, &c. in refpeil of fuch Bodies, the Fluid is not humid.

Thus Quickiilver is not moift in refpecl: to our Hands or

'Cloaths, and other Things, which it will not ftick to \ but

it may be call'd humid in reference to Gold, Tin, or Lead,

to whofe Surfaces it will, presently adhere, and render them

loft and moift.

Even Water itfelf, which wets almoft every thing, and is the great Standard of Moifture and Humidity, is not capa- ble of wetting all Things •-, for it ftands, or runs off in

lobular Drops on the Leaves of Cabbages, and many other Hants; and it will not wet the Feathers of Ducks, Swans, and other. Water-F«wl,

t

Add, that the Ttxture alone may caufe the Fluid to he humid, as is plain, in that neither Quickfilver alone, Lead, or Bifmuth, will ftick upon Glafs ; yet being mix'd together, they will form a Mafs that will do fo ; as appears from fuch a Compofition being frequently us'd in foliating Looking- Glafles. See Foliating.

HUMIDIUM Radicale, or Radical Moifture. See Ra- dical.

This, in reality, feems to amount to no more than the pureft and mod defecate Part of the nutritious Matter, in a Condition ready to be affimulated. See Nutrition.

By too much Heat, as in Fevers, Heflics, (gc. this Hu- midity is too haftily cxhaufted and fpent.

HUMILIATION, the Aft of humbling, i, i. of abating a Perfon's Pride, and bringing him lower in his own Opi- nion,

In this Senfe, Humiliation, ftands contra-diftmguiftYci from Mortification : Humiliation brings down the Mind } Mortification fubdues the Flefh. See Mortification

HUMILIS Mufiulus. See Eye.

HUMOR, or Humour. See Humour.

HUMORISTS, or^/HuMORisTi, Humourists, Hu- morist*, the Title of a celebrated Academy of learner! Men at Rome. See Academy.

The Academy of H'/moriJIs was efl-ablifh'd by 'Paul Man- am, who made ufe of Gaffard Silvianus to aflemble to?e-, ther all the Men eminent for Learning about Rome, and form them into a Society ; as is obferv'd°by Janus Niceus rn his Elogy of Silviamis, Part I. p. 32.

The Devife of this Academy is a Cloud, which beini^ rais'd from the Salt Water of the Sea, returns aoain in Frefli ; with this Hemiftick of Lucretius, 1. vi. Redit agmim, dulci. Jerom Alexander, a Humorift, has three expreis Dif- courfes on this Devife.

The Obfequies of M. Teyresc were celebrated in the Aca- demy of the Humorifts, whereof he was a Member, in above forty different Languages. Gajjendi de Vita Teyreskiif 1. vi. p. 599.

HUMOROSI, the Name of an Academy eftablifti'd at Cortona in Italy, See Academy.

The Humoroft of 'Cortona muft not be confounded with the gli Huniorifti of Rome. See Humorists.

HUMOUR, or Humor, in its general Senfe, fignifies the fame as Liquor or Liquid. See Liquid and Fluid.

The Word is Latin, Humor, form'd of the Greek into., 'Plnvia, Rain, of lie, 'Pino.

Humour, in Medicine, is apply'd to any Juice, or fluid Part of the Body, as the Chyle, Shod, Milk, Fat, Serum, Lymph, Spirits, Bile, Seed, Salival and 'iPancbreatic Juices, £Sfc. See each under its proper Head, Chyle, Blood, Bile, ££fc.

The four Humours fo much talk'd of by the ancient Phy-. licians, are four liquid Subftances, which they fuppofo to moiften the whole Body of all Animals, and to be the Caufe of the divers Temperaments thereof. See Temperament.

Thefe are •Phlegm, 'Pituita, "Blood, Bile, and Melanchol'ly. See Phlegm, Pituita, £S?e.

But the Moderns donor allow of thefe Divifions. The Humours they rather chufe to diftinguifh into' Nutritious, or Mmentary, as Chyle and Blood ; thofe feparated from the Blood, as Bile, Saliva, Urine, &c. and thofe' return'd into the Blood.

Humours, again, are diftinguilh'd into natural or lalu- tary, and morbid or corrupted. — To the former Clafs belong all the Juices ordinarily fecreted for the Ufes of the Body.

To the latter belong thofe compound Humours which thicken, and grow putrid 5 caufing Tumors, Abfcefles, Ob- ftructions, and moft Difeafes. See Disease.

Thefe are diftinguihYd by various Names, Malignant, Muft, Acrimonious, Corrofwe, Crude, 'Peccant, &c. See Malignant, Adust, ?£c.

Humour, is alfo us'd for the particular Temperament or Conflitution of a Perfon, confider'd as arifing from the Pre- valence of this or that Humour, or Juice of the Body. See Temperament.

Thus we fay, a Bilious Coleric Humour ; a Phlegmatic Humour ; a Melancholic, Reftlefs, Hypochondriac Humour ; a Sanguine, Gay, Sprightly Humour, «c. See Sanguine' Sgc. '

Humours of the Eye. '— Anatomifts and Opticians diftin- guifh three particular Humours in the Eye, which they call the Aqueous, Cryftallin, snd Vitrious. See Eye.

The Aqueous, or Watery Humour, is plac'd in the ante- rior or fore Part of the Eye, which it poflefles ; and is thus call'd, becaule clear and fluid like Water. See Aqjjeous.

The Vitrious, or GlaJJy Humour, fills the pollerior Part of the Eye ; and is denominated from its Refemblance of melred Glals. See Vitrious.

The Cryjialline Humour is plac'd between the other two - and is thus call'd from its Solidity and Tranfparency, refem- bling that of a Cryftal. See Crystalline,

Thefe