Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1020

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Houfes built too high, in Places obvious to the Winds, and not well defended by Hills or Trees, require more Ma- terials to build them, and more alfo of Reparations to main- tain them $ and are not fo commodious ro the Inhabitants m the lower built Houfes, which may be at a much eaiier Rate, and alfb as compleat and beautiful as the other.

In Buildings or HoUj'es not above two Stories with the Ground Room, and not exceeding twenty Foot to the Raifon- Place, and upon a good Foundation ; the Length of two Bricks, or eighteen Inches for the heading Courfe, will be iufficient for the Ground Work of any common Structure, and Gx or (even Courles above the Earth to a Water-Table, where the Thicknefs of the Walls are abated, or taken in, on either Side, the Thickneis of a Brick, namely two Inches and a Quarter.

For large and high Houfes or Buildings of three, four, or five Stories with the Garrets, the Walls of fuch Edifices ought to be from the Foundation to the fir ft Water-Table, three heading Courfe s of Brick, or 28 Inches at leaft ; and at every Story a Water-Table, or taken in on the lnfide for the Summers, Girders, and Joints to reft upon, laid into the Middle, or one Quarter of the Wall at leaft, for the better Bond. — But as for the inner molt or partition Wall, a half Brick will be fufficiently thick ; and for the upper Stories, nine Inches, or a Brick length, will fuffice.

The Parts, Proportions, $§c, of the Houfes in London, are regulated by a Statute made for Rebuilding the City after Fire. — By this it is enacled, That the Houfes of the firjl and leajl Sort of Building, fronting By-ftreets or Lanes, fhall be two Stories high, beiide Cellars and Garrets $ the Cellars fix Foot and an half high, if the Springs of Water hinder not j and the firft Story nine Foot from the Floor to the Ceiling, and the fecond Story as much: That all the Walls in Front and Rear be, as high as the firft Story, full the Thickneis of the Length of two Bricks ; and thence upwards to the Garrets, of the Thickneis of one Brick and an half; and that the Thicknefs of the Garret Walls on the back Part, be left to the Difcretion of the Builder, fo that the fame be not lei's than one Brick Length $ and that the Thicknefs of the Party Wall in the Garret, be of the Thicknefs of the Length of one Brick at leaft.

That the Houfes of the fecond Sort of Building) fronting Streets and Lanes of Note, and the River of Thames, con- fiit of three Stories high, befide Cellars and Garrets 5 that the Cellars thereof be fix Foot and an half high, if the Springs hinder not ; that the firft Story contain full ten Feet in Height from the Floor to the Ceiling 5 the fecond ten Foot, the third nine Foot; that all the faid Walls in the Front and Rear, as high as the firft Story, be two .Bricks and an half thick, and from thence upward to the Garret Floor of one Brick and an half thick j and the Thicknefs of the Garret Walls on the back Part, be left to the Difcretion of the Builder, fo that the fame may not be left than one Brick thick : And alfo that the Thicknefs of the Party Walls between every lloitfe of this fecond and larger Sort of Building, be two Bricks thick, as high as the firft Story, and thence upward to the Garrets of the Thick- nefs of one Brick and an half.

Alio that the Hufes of the third Sort of Buildings, front- ing the high and principal Streets, fhall confift of four Stories high, befides Cellars and Garrets ^ that the firft Story con- tain full ten Foot in Height from the Floor to the Ceiling, the fecond ten Foot and an half, and the third nine Foot, the fourth eight Foot and an half; that all the faid Walls in the Front and Rear, as high as the firft Story, be two Bricks and an half in Thicknefs, and from thence upwards to the Garret Floor, of the Thicknefs of one Brick and an half; and that the Thicknefs of the Garret Walls on the back Parr, be not lefs than one Brick ; and alfo that the Party "Walls between every Houfe of this third and larger Sort of Building, be two Bricks thick as high as the firft Floor, and thence upwards to the Garret Floor one Brick and an half.

Alfo, that in all Houfes of the fourth Sort of Bziildings, being Manfion Hmfes, and of the greateft Bignefs, not fronringanv Streets or Lanes as aforefaid, the Number, of Stories, and the Height thereof, fhall be left to the Difcre- tion of the Builder, fo as he exceed not five Stories.

The fame Act alfb enjoins, that no Timber be laid with- in twelve Inches of the fore Side of the Chimney Jambs ; and that all Joyfts on the Back of any Chimney, be laid, with a Trimmer, at fix Inches diftant from the Back; as alio, that no Timber be laid within the Tunnel of any Chimney, upon Penalty to the Workman for every Day's Default, of 10 s, and 10 s. every Week it continues unre- fbrm'd.

Add, That as the Buildings of London join one upon another, and almoft every feveral Houfe hath a diftincl Pro- prietor, the Parliament hath decreed, that the Wall divid- ing the Proprietors Ground, fhall be built at the equal Charge of both the Owners : Whence it will not b; imper- tinent to fhew how thefe Party Walls are valu'd,

Now, all Brick-works, whether one, two, three, four* o* any other Number of Brick Lengths in Thickneis, are all to be redue'd to the Thicknefs of a Brick and a half.

It hath been obferv'd, that about 4500 of Bricks, of about 16s. per icoo ; a hundred and a Quarter of Lime, at 10 S. j>er Hundred; two Loads and a half of Sand, at $s.per Load, will compleatly raife one Rod of Brick-work of a Brick and a half Thickneis. See Brick, £&*.

And thus much will a Rod of Party Wall, the Materials only, redue'd to a Brick and a half thick, amount to, at the former fuppos'd Rates; to which may be added for Workmanfhip il. Si.

So that for every Rod of Party Wall they allow 3/. a- piece ; whence, if a Party Wall be mcafur'd, and the Mea- fure when redue'd to a Brick and a half, be found to con- tain fixteenRods; that fixteen multiply'd by 3/. givetb. 48/. and fo much is the one Proprietor to allow the other. See Measuring, £S?c.

House of Cornel ton. See Correction. Work-HovsE, See VJoRK-Hcz/fe and Rasphuys. See alio Bridewell.

9Wb-House, or Hall, is a Place where the Officers and Magiftrates of a Town or City hold their Meetings, for the due Adminiftration of their Laws and Policy. See Hall, Gild, &c*

House is alfo us'd for a Convent or Monaftery. See Convent, £f?c.

The Chief of fuch an Order has fo many Houfes depen- dent on it. — There have been Reforms made of feveral religious Houfes.

Regular Priefts give the Name itoujes to the Places they refide in, and not that of Convents or Monafteries, which. properly belong to fimple Friars. — Thus we fay, the Jefuits Houfe, the Barnabites or I'heatins Houfe.

The Jefuits have both profefs'd Houfes and Colleges for Novices, which they call Houfes of Probation.

They have alfo Houfes of Retreat for Spiritual Exercifes, where they receive fecular Perfons and Ecclefiafticks, dif- pos'd topracfife the fame with them, for eight or ten Days. See Jesuits.

House is alfo us'd for one of the Eftates of the Kingdom affembled in Parliament. See Parliament.

Thus we fay, the Houfe of Lords, the Houfe of Commons, f$C. See Commons, £jc.

House is alfo us'd for a Noble Family; or a Race of illuftrious Perfons iffu'd from the fame Stock.

In this Senle we fay, the Houfe or Family of the Ste-zvarts, the Bourbons, the Houfe of Hanover, of Aztftria, of Lor- Tfltn, of Savoy, &c.

House, in Aftrology, is a twelfth Part of the Heavens. See Heaven.

The Divifion of the Heavens into Houfes is founded on this, that the Stars and Planets when found herein have certain In- fluences, either good or evil ones, upon fublunary Bodies $ and to each Houfe is affign'd its particular Virtue or Influ- ence ; upon the Confederation whereof they draw Horofcopes. See Influence, Horoscope, £$;,

This Divifion is made by fix great Circles, call'd Circles of 'Pofition, which cut each other in the common Interfbai- on of the Meridian and Horizon, in the common Way of Domifying, which is that of Regiomontanzis .- For the Ancients had three other Ways. See Position, Domify- ing, %£c>

Thefe Circles divide the Equator into twelve equal Parts, without any regard to the Zodiac.

The Horizon and Meridian are two Circles of the Cceleftial Houfes, which divide the Heavens into four equal Parts, each whereof comprehends four Houfes. — There are fix above the Horizon, and as many below it 5 fix Eaftern, and fix Weftern ones.

The Theme or Figure of the Heavens alfo confifts of twelve Triangles, which are like-wife call'd £bufes 3 where- in are laid down the Stars, Signs, and Planets, compriz'd within the reipective Spaces of the Circles of Pofition. See Theme.

Each Planet has two certain Houfes, wherein it exerts its felf with peculiar Vigour ; Leo is the Sun's Houfe, and Can- cer that of the Moon 3 Capricorn is Satztm% &c.

Some call the Houfes Z)odecatemories, and Angles ; but that Name is more immediately appropriated to the twelve Signs orDivifions of the Zodiac. See Dodecatemory.

The Aftrological Houfes have their particular Names according to their Qualities. -- The firft is the Houfe of Life ; being the Afcendant, and containing five Degrees above the Horizon, the reft beneath it. The fecond is the Houfe of Riches* The third the Houfe of Brothers. The fourth, in the Ioweft Part of Heaven, the Houfe of Relations, and Angle of the Earth. The fifth, the Houfe of Children. The fixth, the Hcufe of Health. The feventh, the Hcufe of Marriage, and the Angle of the Weft, The eighth, the Houfe oj "Death, and upper Gate. The ninth, the Houfe of <Ptety. The tenth, the Houfe of qfices. The eleventh, the

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