Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1017

 HOT

• IB this Senfc, Heft is more immediately linderltood of the icrfon of the Word incarnate, who was offer'd up a Haft or Hofita to the Father, on the Crofs 3 for the Sins of Man- kind.

Host is peculiarly us'd in the Romifi Church for the Body or Jefus Chrift, conrain'd under the Species of Bread and Wine, which is offer'd up every Day, a new Haft or Sacri- fice in the Mafs. See Mass.

Tope Gregory IX. firft decreed a Bell to be rung, as the Signal for the People to betake fhemfelves to the Adoration of the Heft.

The Veffel wherein the Hop are kept, is call'd the Ctoory.

HOSTAGE, a Pcrfon left as Surety for the Performance of the Articles of a Treaty. See Treaty;

When two Enemies are on the Point of concluding a Treaty or Capitulation, 'tis frequent for them to give Hoflageson each Side, as Sureties for the Execution of what is contain'd therein.

The Garrifon of fuch a Place has capitulated, and given HoftamSx Such an Officer was given as an Hopge. — The Word is form'd of Hoft, and that of Hoffes, See Host:

A Hopge is either a Principal or an Acceffary, according to the State of the Cafe. He is only an Acceffary, when, for Inflance, a Prince promifes Fidelity to another, and gives up his Son, or fome other great Lord, to affure his Engagement, without any further Stipulation. For, here, if the Prince fail of his Word, the Hopge is no ways ac- countable for it.

But the Homage becomes a Principal, when it is exprefly ftipulated, that he /hall be anfwerable for the Event : For Inflance, if a City engage to futrender, in Cafe it be not reliev'd in fo many Days ; and to fecure the Engagement give HopgeS; thefe Hoftagcs ate what a Surety is to a Cre- ditor for Debt of his Principal, So that if the Relief do not come, and yet the Citizens refufe to furrender, the Hopges Hand in their Place, become Principals^ and liable to be punifh'd for the Prevarication of thole they have be- come Surety for.

A Hopge given for another Perfon, becomes free when the Perfon dies.

HOSTEL, or Hotel, a French Term, anciently figni- fying a Houfe, or Dwelling-place.

It is now more commonly ufed for the Palaces or Houfes of the King, Princes, and great Lords. In this Senfe they fay, the Hotel de Condc, Hard de Conti, Hotel du Louvre, &c.

The Grand TrcDot de V Hotel is the firft Judge of the Officers of the King's Houfhold. His Jurisdiction is much like that of the Lord Steward of the Houfhold of the King Of England. See Steward.

The Hotel de Ville is what we call aToivn-houfe, or Town- hall. See Hall.

HOTEL-Dieo, is a common Name for the chief Hofpital for the Reception of fick Perfons, in moft of the Cities of Trance. See Hospital.

The Hotel de Man, is an Hofpital near Tarn of the fame Nature with Chelfea Hofpital.

HOSTIA, Host, in Antiquity, a Viflim offer'd in Sa- crifice to a Deity. See Victim.

The Word Hopa is form'd ab hopbus, it being the Cu- ftom to offer one before they join'd Battel, to render the Gods propitious ; or after the Battel was over, to give them Thanks.

Tfido're, on this Word, remarks, that the Name Hopa was given to thofe Sacrifices which they offer'd before they march'd to attack the Enemy ; ante quam, fays he, ad Hoflem fergerent ; in Contra-diftincf ion from Vitlhm, which were properly thofe offer'd after the Victory : However, Ovid confounds the two, when he fays,

Vitlima qtiee cecidit dextra ViBrice vacatur 5 Hopbus a Domith Hoftia nomen habet. •

Fronton makes another Diftinction : According to him, ViB'ma was a grand Oblation, and Hojlia a fmaller and lefs considerable one.

But be the Cuflom in this refpecf what it will, 'tis gene- rally allow'd that the Word Hoftia comes from Hops, Ene- my : Tho' there are fome who derive it from the Latin Verb Hofiio, q.d. ferio, I ftrike, finite.

HOSTILITY, the Action of an Enemy. — During a Truce, all Hoflilitics are to ceafe on both Sides: Such a City ttands neuter, and commits no Hoplities on either Side.

The Word is Lath, Hoplitas, form'd of the Primitive Hops, which fignifies Enemy ; and which anciently fignify'd Stranger, Hofpes. See Host.

HOT-Batij. See Path and Therm*.

Hot-Beti, a Piece of Earth or Soil plentifully enrich'd w'th Manure, and defended from cold Winds, ifc. to for- ward the Growth of Plants, and force Vegetation, when the

( m

Hot

Seafon or the Climate of itfelf is not warm enough, Scfe Soil, Manure, Vegetation, gc?c.

By means of hot Seds skilfully manag'd, we can fo near- Iy imitate the Temperature of other Climates, that Seeds ol Plants brought from any Country between the Trooicks, may be made to flourilh even under the Poles. See Exotic. Heat and Humidity being the great Inftrumeiits of Vcge-* ration; to promote the Growth of any Plants, rhele mulfbe duly proportion'd, fo as neither to exceed nor come fhort of the Bounds Nature has allotted for it. —Too much Heat we find rather fcorcb.es a Plant than makes it grow ; and too much Moiftuie frequently chills it, unlefs quickly exhaled from the Roots. — With us, a moderate Heat is found the moft eligible ; fuch as is rais'd by the Ferment of wet Straw and Horle-litter, which, from the Earth lying thereon, will fend forth, for fome time, a gentle Steam, imotegnated with vegetative Salts. See Plant, Water, £fc.

The ufual Way of making hot Beds, is of Horfe-litter and Grafs mix'd together, and left on an Heap for eight cr ten Days to putrefy ; and then remov'd into a Bed, and cover'd up with Gaffes or Frames. — Others chuie to take Horfe Dung a Month or fix Weeks old, and make a Secd- Bed of it about four Foot high, and cover it up with Straw a Foot thick, which is to be remov'd in three or four Days, and its Place fupply'd either with Cows Dung, or the laft Years Ridges.

The Procefs of ordering a good ferviceable hot Bed; for the cuftomary railing of Colliflowers, Cucumbers, Melonsj Radiflies, and other tender Plants and Flowets in January or February, is direfled by Mr. Mortimer in Manner fol- lowing :

Provide a warm Place defended from all Winds, by being inclos'd with a Pale or Hedge, made of Reeds or Strawj about fix or liven Foot high, of fuch Diftance or Capacity as Occafion requires. — Within this Inclofure raife a Bed two or three Foot high, and three Foot over, of frelh Horfe Dung, about fix or eight Days old; then tread it down very hard on the Top, make it level, and if you think fit, edge it round with Boards or Bricks, laying fine rich Mould about three or four Inches thick on it : When the extream Heat of the Bed is over, which you may perceive by thrufting in your Finger; plant your Seeds at pleafure; and fet your Forks four or five Inches above the Bed, to fupport a Frame made of Sticks, and cover'd with Straw or Bafsmat, in order to fecure the Seeds and Plants from Cold and Wet ; only the Covering may be open'd in a warni Day, for an Hour before Noon, and an Hour after. — But take Care to earth up your Plants as they moot in Height ; and when able to bear the Cold, they may be tranfplanted.

In Holland they make ufe of hot Beds made of Sand ; which are not fo apt to raile unwhollbme Damps as thole of Horfe Dung. — The c Dutch llkewife make hot Beds of Tanner's Bark, which, when once rightly ptepar'd, will maintain an equable Heat for fix Months.

Bradley, with very good Reafbn, propofes a Thermome- ter to be us'd to regulate the Heat of hot Beds. — For Plants that are either to be brought up in a colder Seafon, or a colder Climate than what they naturally require ; you are to take the Height at which the Thermometer ftands in their proper Sealhn or Clime, as a Standard ; and by ap- plying a Thermometer to the hot Bed, judge whether the Heat is to be intended or remitted. — Thus a hot Bed for Cucumbers mud be kept, to raife the Spirit in the Glafs, td the fame Height as the natural Temperature of the Weather will raife it to about the latter End of May and June, when Cucumbers will grow abroad without any artificial Heat or Shelter. Sec Heat and Thermometer. Hot-House. See Stove, Sudatory, Hyeoc aostumi

Hot -Shoots, or Hovilses, a Sort of factitious or com- pound Fuel, made of a third Part of any Coal, Pit, Sea, or Charcoal, mix'd with Loam. See Fuel.

Thefe Ingredients are to be made up into Balls, mniften'd with a little Urine, or in any other Form ar Pleafure ; and expos'd to the Air till thoroughly r ry. — Then may they be built into the moft orderly Fire imaginable, affording a glowing, folemn, and conftant Heat for feven or eight Hours without ftirring. This Mixture is frequently us'd in fome Parts to flacken the impetuous devouring of the Fire, and keen Coals from confurhing too faff.

HOTCH-pot, or Hodc pono'E. See Hopg-eodce-

A Man being feiz'd of thirty Acres of Land in Fee, hath two Daughters, and gives with one of them ten Acres in Frank-Marriage, and dies feiz'd of the other twenty. If now fhe that is thus matry'd wiil have any P.arr of the twenty Acres, (he muff put her Lands Given 'in Pfatnk-Mar- riage in Hatch-pot, that is, (he mull refufe to take the file Profits of the ten Acres, but fuffer them to be mingled with the other twenty, to the End an equal Divifion may be made of the whole thirty between her and her Sifter. — Thus for her ten Acres ihe will be intitied to fifteen. Coke on Littl.


 * S f f HOTTS,