Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1016

 H O S

( *$* )

H O S

Building, there are four Wings or Out-buildings ; one for the Infirmary, another for Several Officers of the Houle, another for old maim'd Officers of Horfe and Foot ; and the fourth for the Baker, Laundrefs, &c. ■

The Number of ordinary Penfioners is 47^5 befide the Officers and Servants of the Houie : The our, or extraordi- nary Peniioners, are alfb very numerous 5 and thefe, upon Occafion, do Duty in the feveral Garrilbns, from whence Draughts are made for the Army, &c See Invalids.

The Penfioners are all provided with Cioaths, Dier, Wafti- iag, Lodging, Firing, and one Day's Pay in every Week for fpending Money.

The Qualifications requir'd to be admitted of this Body, are, that each Perfun bring a Certificate from his fuperior Officer, that he has been maim'd or difabled in the Service of the Crown $ or that he has ferv'd the Crown 20 Years, which rauft be made appear by Mufter-Rolls,

To defray the Charges of this Hofpital, there is a con- siderable Sum paid yearly out of the Poundage of the Army ; befide one Day's Pay of each Officer, and each common Soldier, every Year; which, in Time of War, amounts to 13 or 14000/.

For the Adminiftration of this Hofpital, there is a Go- vernor, Lieutenant-Governor, Major, Treafurer, &c.

Greenwich Hospital, is a Retreat for Seamen, who, by Age, Wounds, or other Accidents, are difabled from Service 5 and for the Widows and Children of fuch as are flain in the Service.

This, in Point of Magnificence and Spacioufnefs, excels even Chelfea Hofpital. A good Part of it was built in K. Charhs IPs Time, at the Expence of 3.J000/. It was much promoted by King William $ and finifh'd under Queen Anne and King George.

The Number of Penfioners entertain'd in this Hofpital is 300. To each hundred Men are allow'd fix Nuries, be- ing the Widows of Seamen.

The Victualling is according to the Allowance of Chelfea Hofpital) viz. four Men to a Mefs ; each Mefs to contain four Pound of Flelh, a Gallon of Beer, <&c.

It is adminifter'd by a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Captain, Lieutenant, Cha-plain, Steward, Phyfician, &c.

thrift's Hostital, popularly call'd the Blue Coat Hos- pital, was anciently a Monaftery of Grey Friars, founded by Raihere, the firft Prior thereof, in the Time of Henry I. di&blv'd by HeitfW VTII. and converted by Edward VI. in- to an Hofpital for poor Children, who are fupply'd with all Neceflaries and Conveniences, cloath'd, dieted, and taught.

Since its firft Endowment it has receiv'd abundance of new Donations. A great Part of it was burnt down by the great Fire 5 but is again rebuilt by the Care of the Gover- nors, tho' not without incurring a great Debt, and antici- pating the Revenues of the Hofpital.

Formerly, a thoufand poor Children, moft of them Or- phans, were maintain'd on this Foundation 5 and fix or {'even Score yearly put out Apprentices, and the Maids to Service^ but the Number, thro' the Deficiency of the Funds, is now muchlefs.

Here were two Mathematical Schools j the firfl: founded by KiugCharles II ; but they are now united. Youths are there taught feveral Parts of practical Mathematicks, parti- cularly Navigation, to fit them for Apprentices to Mafters of Ships : To fay nothing of the Grammar School, (whence the moft pregnant Boys are yearly fait to the Univerfity) Writing School, Drawing School, &c.

The Officers of this Hofpital are a Prefident, Treafurer, Governors, &c.

St. 'Bartholomews Hospital adjoins to Chrijl's Hofpital, .ind formerly belong'd to the fame Grey Friars.

At the Diffolution of Monalteries, Henry VIII. left 500 Marks a Year to it for the Relief of poor People j but it was more largely endow'd for the Ufe of fick and lame Perfons only, by Edward VI.

It is govern'd by a Prefident, Treafurer, &c. with other Officers. It is furnilh'd with two Phyficians, and thiee Mafter Surgeons, befide as many Affiftant Surgeons.

In this Hofpital, with two others depending "on it, the one at King/land, the other call'd the Lock in Sczithwark, are about 500 Patients, provided with Lodging, Diet, Phyfick, Chirurgery, &c*

Su 27w/7/?;'s_ Hospital, in South-ivark, is for the fame Purpofes as that of St. Bartholomew.

It was originally founded an Hofpital, by Richard, Prior of Ser7nondfey,\n 1212 ; furrender'd to King Henry VIII $ and given by EiivardVl. to the Citizens of London, for an Hofpital for infirm and lame People.

Itconfiftsof four quadrangular Courts: In the firft are fix Wards for Women ; in the fecond, two Chapels, the leffertor the private Ufe of the Hofpital, and the larger Parochial: In the fame Court are the Houfes of the Trea- furer, and other Officers; In the third Court are fix or

ftven Wards for Men. The fourth has alfo three W T ards 3 Baths hot and cold, a Chirurgery, Apothecary's Shop* <&c.

There are about 3000 Perfons taken in and difcharg'd out of this Hofpital yearly.

The Governors of this Hofpital are the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, with about 260 other Citizens. Among which area Prefident, Treafurer, &c. two Phyficians, and three Surgeons.

Guy's Hospital, or the Hospital of the Incurables^ is the Foundation of that wealthy Citizen and Bookfeller, Tho- mas Guy, Efij;

It is chiefly intended for reputed incurable Perfons 5 and is even to take in yearly a certain Number of Patients turn'd out of the Qther Hofpitals, particularly "Bethlehem, as incurable.

The Founder beftow'd 50000/. on the Building in his Life-time j and, by Will, endow'd it with 200000/. at his Death, in 1724: The greateft Benefaction, without Dis- pute, that ever was left by any one private Man.

Its Officers are a Prefident and Governors, moft of which are the fame with thole of St. T'homas's Hofpital, which is in the Neighbourhood thereof with a Treaiurer, two Phy- ficians, two Surgeons, &c.

Bethlehem Hofpital 7

Bridewel Hofpital > See *

Svr row's Hofpital - i CCuARTKK-hotife.

HOSPITALER, one that entertains and provides for poor People, Travellers, e>c.

The Name is chiefly apply'd to certain Communities of Religious, — As the Hofpitalers of Elfefort in EJfex, infti- tuted to take Care of Lepers 5 Hofpitalers of St. John Baptifi of Coventry 5 Hofpitalers of St. Julian; Hofpitalers of St. Leonard at Tork, &c.

The Religious Hofpitalers generally follow the Rule of St. Aiignfin. Moft of them pretend that St. Martha was their firft Foundrefs, and chufe her for their Patron, by rcafon fhe entertain'd Jefus Chrift at her Houfe. Some of them go back to the Patriarch Abraham.

There are alfo Hofpitallen among the military Orders 5 fuch are the Knights of St. Lazarus, and St. John of Jem- falem.

HOSPITALERS, Hospitalarii, were a certain Or- der of Religious Knights, ib call'd, becaufe they built an. Hofpital at Jerufalem, wherein the Pilgrims were received. — To thefe Pope Clement the Fifth transferr'd the Effects and Revenues of the Templars ; whom, by a Council held at Vienna, he fupprefs'd, for their many and great Mifde- meanors. See Templar.

Theie Hofpitalers were otherwife call'd Knights of Stl John of Jemfalem, and are /now the fame with thofe whom we call Knights of St. John of Malta. See Malta.

HOSPITIUM, an Inn; a Term peculiarly us'd in our Law Books for an Inns of Court. See Inns of Court.

Hospitium is alfo us'd for a little Convent, which the Religious built for the Reception of Strangers and Travel- lers of the iame Order, who have occafion to ftay with them fbme time,,

Moft of the Hofpitia, at Lins, in Time became fix'd Con- vents. See Convent.

HOSPODAR, the Title borne by the Princes oFWalachia and Moldavia. See Prince.

The Hofpodars of Walachia and Moldavia, receive the Inveftiture of thofe Principalities from the Grand Signor, by a Veft and a Standard, which he gives them.

They are ibmetimes depos'd by him 5 tho*, in other Relpeds, they have the Sovereign Power within their States.

HOST, Hospes, a Term of mutual Relation, apply'd both to a Perfbn who lodges and entertains another, and to the Perfon thus lodg'd, &c.

Thus, the Inn-keeper fays, he has a good Hoft, in fpeak- ing of the Traveller who lodges wirh him : And the Tra- veller, again, lays, he has akind/Yo/7, in fpeaking of his Landlord.

The Word is form'd of the Latin, Hofpes, which fome will have thus call'd, quafi hofium, or efthim getens ; for ofiv.m was anciently wrote with an Afpirate.

It inuft be obferv'd, then, that it was the Cuftom among the Ancients, when any Stranger ask'd for Lodging, for the Mafter of the Houfe, and the Stranger, each of them to fee a Foot on their own Side of the Threfhold, and fwear they would neither of them do any Harm to the other. — It was this Ceremony that rais'd fo much Horror againft thofe who violated the Law, or Right of Hofpitality on either Side - inafmuch as they werelook'd on as perjur'd.

Inflead of Hojp'es, the ancient Latins call'd it Hoftis ; as Cicero himfelf informs us : Tho', in Courfe of Time, Hoflis came to fignify an Enemy 5 fo much was the Notion of Hospitality alter'd.

Host is alfo us'd by Way of Abbreviation for Hofia, a Vi&im or Sacrifice to the Deity, See Hostia.