Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1015

 HOR

But the Word is in a more peculiar Manner underftood of the Art of Biding ; or of directing a Horfe to Advantage, not only in the ordinary Motions, but more efpecially in the managing or making him work, upon Volts, Airs, fjc. See Manace, Riding, Volt, Air, tSc.

HORSE Shoe, a Cover or Defence for the Sole of a Horfe's Foot. See Shoe, Hoof, &c.

Of thefe there are feveral Sorts ; as — i°. The 'Planch Shoe, or •Pancelet, which is faid to make a good Foot, and a bad Leg ; as caufing the Foot to grow beyond the Meafure of the Leg. It is chofe for a weak Heel, and will laft longer than any other Shoe ; being borrow'd from the Moil which has weak Heels and Frufli'es to keep the Feet from Stones and Gravel.

i°. Shoes sith Calkins, which, tho' intended to fecure the Horfe from Hiding, ycr are reputed by many to do him more harm than good, in that he cannot tread evenly upon the Ground, whereby many times he wrenches his Foor, or ftrains fome Sinew, especially upon floney Ways, where Stones will not fuffer the Calkins to enter. Double Calkins are lels hurtful, as he treads evener with them than on the fingle Calkins j but then they mult not be over long or iharp-pointed, but rather fhort and flat.

■\°. There are Shoes with Bings, firfl invented to make the Horfe lift his Feet up high $ tho' fuch Shoes are more pain- ful rhan helpful, befide the Unhandfbmencfs of the Sight. — This Defect is moil incident to Horfes that have not found Hoofs ; for tender Feet fear to touch the Ground that is hard : But what is intended for Remedy, proves a Prejudice to the Horf, by adding high Calkins, or Rings to his Shoes, as by that means his Heels are made weaker than before.

4°. Shoes with fireUing Welts or "Borders round about them, are us'd in Germany, Sic. which being higher than the Heads of the Nails, lave them from wearing. — Thefe are the befl: Sort of lafling Shoes, if made of well temper'd Stuff* as they wear equally in all Parts, and the Horfe treads evenly upon them.

5 & Others, who ufe to pafs Mountains, where Smiths are not io eafily met with, carry Shoes about them, with Vices, whereby they faften them to the Horfe's Hoofs without the Help of the Hammer or Nail : Yet is this more for Shew than Service ; for though iuch Shoe may lave a Horfe's Feet from Stones, yet it fo pinches his Hoof that he goes with Pain, and perhaps injures it more than the Stones do. — On fuch emergent Occasions, therefore, it were better to make Ufe of me Joint Shoe, which is made of two Pieces, with a flat Rivet Nail joining them together in rhe Toe, fo that it may be taken both wide and narrow to ierve any Foot.

6". The 'Patten Shoe is us'd for a Horfe that is burnt in the Hip, Stiffle, or Shoulder, as it cauies him to bear upon that Leg the Grief is on, and confequently makes him ufe it the better.

8°. The 'Panton or 'Pantabh Shoe, which opens the Heels, and helps Hoof-binding — To which may be added the half 'Panton Shoe.

Horse Shoe in Fortification, is a Work fomcthr.es of a round, fometimes of an oval Figure, rais'd in rhe Ditch of a mar/hy Place, or in low Grounds, and border'd with a Parapet.

Its Ufe is to fecure a Gate, or to ierve as a Lodgment for Soldiers, to prevent Surprizes, or to relieve an over- tedious Defence.

Horse Shue Head, a Difeafe in Infants, wherein the Su- tures of the Head are too open, or too great a Vacuity is left between them ; fo that the Aperture fhall nor be Totally clos'd up, or the Cranium in that Part be fo hard as the reft for fome Years after. See Suture.

This Opennefs is found to be increas'd upon the Child's catching Cold. When the Difeafe continues long, 'tis re- puted a Sign of Weaknefs and fbort Life. In this Cafe 'tis ufual to rub the Head every now and then with warm Rum or Brandy, mix'd with the white of an Egg, and Palm

Oil.

Sometimes the Diforder arifes from a Collection of Waters in the Head, call'd a Hydrocephalic. ' See Hvdroceeha-

Horse Meafure, is a Rod of Box, to Aide out of a Cane, with a Square at the End, being divided into Hands and Inches, to meafure the Height of Horfes. See Hane.

HORSHAM Stone, is a kind of thin broad Slate, of a oreyifh Colour ; formerly much ufed, efpecially in Sl/Jfex, to heal or cover Churches and Chancels, grear Houfes, (Sc. See Stone, Slate, Coverino, Zgc.

Ir is call'd Horftam Stone, becaufe chiefly brought from the Town of Horfiam.

HORTAGILERS, in the Grand Signers Court, are Up- holfterers, or Tapiftrv-hangers. See Tapistry.

There is no City better or more orderly regulated than the Grand Sirnor's Camp: And to have a Notion of the Mag- nificence of that Prince, he mull: be fcen in that Equipage ;

( *$$ )

H O S

he being much better lodg'd and accommodated there, than at Covjiantwople, or any other City in his Dominions.

He has always two Tents or Pavilions, and two Sets of Furniture entire $ that while he is in one, they may ftretch or fpread the other.

In order to this, he has conftantly four hundred Hortagilers or Upholfterers in his Retinue, who go a Day's Journey be- fore him, to fix on a proper Place. They fair prepare that of the Sultan, then thofe of the Officers of the Port, and the 'Btglierbegs, according to their Rank.

HORTICULTURE, the Art of Gardening. See Gar- dening.

The Word is compounded of Honus, Garden, and colo, I till, drefs, Igc.

HOSANNA, in the Hebrew Ceremonies, was a Prayer which they rehears'd on the feveral Days of their Feaft'of Tabernacles, &ee Tabernacle.

_ Ir was thus call'd, by reafon there was a frequent Repeti- tion therein of the Word t^ymn, ferva mmc, or jerva fyecW) i.e. Save us no-zv, or Save us, iveflray.

There are divers of thefe Ifoja?mas. — The Jews call them Hofcfcannoth, i e. the Hofannas. — Some are rehears'd on the firit Day, others on the fecond, &c. which they call Hofanna of the firit Day, Hofamia of the fecond Day, $$c.

Hosanna Rabba, or Grand Hosanna, is a .Name they give to their Feaft of Tabernacles, which lafls eight Days ; by reafon, during the Courfe thereof, they are 'frequently calling for the Affiftance of God, the Forgivenefs ot their Sins, and his Bleffing on the new Year ; and to that Purpofe make great ufe of the Hofcbannoth or Prayers above men- tion 'd.

The Jew, alfo, apply the Term Hofanna Rabba, in a more peculiar Manner, to the feventh Day of the Feafl of Tabernacles ; by reafon they apply themfelves more immedi- ately on that Day to invoke the divine Bleffmg, &c.

HOSE, from the Saxon, Kofa, a Stocking. See Stock- ing.

Hose in H'.fe, among Botanifis, flgnifies one long Husk withm another.

HosE-ii&Jfe, in Botany, a long round Husk within ano- ther, as in Pinks, Julyflowers, &c. See Flower.

HOSPITAL, popularly Spittal, a Place or Building erected, out of Charity, for the Reception and Support of the Poor, Aged, Infirm, and otherwise helplefs. See Cha- rity.

The Word is form'd of the Latin, Hofpes, Holt, Stran- ger. SeeHosT.

In thefirft Apes of the Church, the Bifhop had the imme- diate Charge of all the Poor, both found and difeas'd 5 as alfo of Widows, Orphans, Strangers, %£c. — When the Churches came to have fiVd Revenues allotted them, it was decreed, that, at leaf}, one fourth Part thereof fhould go to the Relief of the Poor ; and to provide for them the more commodioufiy, divers Haufl's of Charity were built, which are fince deno- minated llcfpitals. See Tithe.

They were govcrn'd wholly by the Priefls and Deacons, under the Inflection of the Bifhop. See Bishop, ££c.

In Courfe of Time, feparate Revenues were afiign'd for the Bofpitals ; and particular Perfons, out of Motives of Piety and Charity, gave Lands, and Money for creeling of Bofpitals.

When the Church Difcipline began to relax, the Priefts, who till then had been the Adminiftrators of Bofpitals, con- verted them into a Sort of Benefices, which they held at Pleafure, without giving account thereof to any Body 5 referving the greateft Part of the Income to their own Ufe ;

ib that the Intentions of the Founders were fruftrated. To

remove this Abufe, the Council of Vienna exprefly prohi- bited the giving any Hospital to fecular Priefts in the Way of a Benefice ; and directed the Adminiftration thereof to be given to fufficient and refponfible Laymen, who mould take an Oath, like that of Tutors, for the faithful Difcharge thereof $ and be accountable to the Ordinaries. — This De- cree was executed and confirm'd by the Council oVTrem. See Oeconomus.

In England, Bofpitals founded for the mere Relief of the Indigent and Nectffitous, are peculiarly call'd Alm$4)oufes j the Name Hofpital being referv'd to thofe deftin'd for the Sick, Aged, Young, & c .~ The Principal of thefe are, The

Royal Hospital for difabled Soldiers, commonly call'd- Chelsea College. See College.

It was founded by King Charles II. carry'd on by King James II. and finifh'd by King William and Queen Mary.

The Building is very fpacious and magnificent : Its Figure is a n 5 the middle or front Part whereof confifts of a Cha- pel and Hall 5 the other two Lines being four Stories high, divided into Wards or Galleries, two in each Story, contain- ing each twenty-fix diftincf Apartments for the Foot Sol- diers. At each of the four Corners of the main Building, there is a Pavilion, in one whereof is rhe Governor's Lodg- ing and the Council Chamber 5 the other being Lodgings for feveral of the Officers of the Houfe. Befide the "main

Building