Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1014

 HOR

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HOR

Top of the Shoulder Blades, at the fetting on of the Neck, is call'd the Witters ; the Place where the Saddle is fet, the Dock ; and a Bruife or Hurt thereon, a Navel-gall ; the Middle of the Back, from the Main to the Hips, the Reins ; the Extremity of the Reins above the Hips, the Croupe ; the Tail, the 'Hock or Runt ; the hollow or finking of the Back-bone, the Sway ; the hind Part of the Belly, next the Genital, the Flank ; that nearer the Thighs, the Groins ; the loofe Skin wherein the Yard is, the Sheath ; and the fore Parts of the Shoulders, next the Breafls, the Fillets. — The uppermost Part of the hind Leg, next the Buttock, is call'd the Stifle or Stifle Joint ; the after Joint, or bending of the hind Leg, the Chambrel or Elbow ; the inner, the Ham or Hough ; the Joint at the Fetlock, the 'Pa/lem, Ancle, or Fetlock Joint ; the Foot, above the Hoof of the Ancle Joint, the Coronet. — The Part from the Withers to the Top Joint of the Thigh, is call'd the Shoulder ; the middle Joint of the fore Leg, the Knee ; the right Leg before, the farther Leg; and fhe°left, the nearer. —The Hoof is call'd the Horn ; the Hollow of the Hoof, the Coffin ; the tender Part of the Hoof, next the Heel, the Frufi ; the Ball of the Foot, the Frcg ; the Part to be pared or cut off the Hoof when overgrown, the Rift ; the fore Part of the Hoof the Toes ; the hind Part, where there is a Riling in the Middle of the Sole, the Heel; and the Infides meeting on the Heel, the Quarters. — Of mofl of thefe a further Account will he found under their reflective Articles.

The Mailers in this Art lay it down, that a Horfe to be good, and well made, mull have three Parts like thofe of a Woman, viz. the Breaft, which is to be broad, the Hips round, and the Main long ; three of a Lion, viz. Countenance, Intrepidity, and Fire ; three of a Bullock, viz. the Eye, Noftril, and Joint ; three of a Sheep, viz. the Nofe, Gentlenefs, and Patience 5 three of a Mule, Strength, Conftancy, and Foot ; three of a Deer, Head, Leg, and Hair Ihort ; three of a Wolf, Throar, Keck, and Hearing ; three of a Fox, Ear, Tail, and Trot ; three of a Serpent, Memory, Sight, and Turning ; three of a Hare or Cat, Running, Walking, and Supplcnefs.

HorfeS are diftinguifh'd into divers Kinds, and differently denominated, with regard to their Strain or Country. — As the Neapolitan, known by his Hawk Nofe. — The Spavifll Genet, by his frnall Limbs. — The 'Barb, by his fine Head and deep Hoof. — The Hutch, by the Roughncfs of his ■ Legs. — The Englifli by his ftrong knitting together, $3c. — The Flandrin, Sec. See Genet, Bare, fj!c.

HorfeS are alfo diftinguifh'd with regard to the TJfes or Offices they are referv'd for ; as, the Coach Horfe, War Horfe, Hunting Horfe, Running Horfe, Pack Horfe, &c. See Coach, Hunting, %£c.

HorfeS are alfo dittinguifh d with regard to their Colours ; as —A Say, which admits of divers Shades or Calls, viz. a black Bay, brown Bay, dapple Bay ; all which have con- ftantly black Mains and Tails. — 'Dun and Afoufe 'Dun, hav- ing frequently a black Lift along the Back, which denominates them Flea-back'd. —Flea-bitten, which is whire fpotted with red.— Grey, Dapple Grey, Silver Grey, Sad or Powder'd Grey, Black Grey, Sandy Grey, and Iron Grey. — Grijfel or Rount, a light Flcfh Colour intermix'd with white. — 'Peach Colour, or Slojjbm Colour. — Tyebald, which confiils of two Colours, one of them white. — Roan, a Bay, Black, or Sorrel, in- termix'd with white Hairs. — Rubican. Black or Sorre], with white Hairs fcatrer'd about his Body. — Sorrel, Com- mon Sorrel, Red or Cow-colour'd Sorrel, bright or light- colour'd Sorrel, burnt Sorrel ; all chiefly dillinguifh'd by the Colour of their Manes. — Starling Colour, rcfembling a brownifh or blackifh Grey, only more freckled, or intermix'd with white. — Tygcr Colour, much the fame with the brand- ed Grey, only the Spots fmaller. — Wolf Colour. — Deer Co- lour. -Slack. — White, &c.

Thefe Colours are generally confider'd as Symbolical of the Nature, Qualities,. £&, of the Beafts ; and accordingly their Value is much influence! hereby. — The dapple Grey is priz'd for Beauty ; the brown Bay for Service ; the Black with Silver Hair for Courage ; the Roan for Countenance 5 the Sorrel, Black without white, and Iron Grey, are reputed hot and fiery ; the bright Grey, Flea-bitten, and Black with white Spots, are fanguine ; the White, Dun, and Pye-bald, phlegmatic and heavy ; the Moule Dun, red Bay, and blue Grey, are dull ; the Peach Colour rarely orove obedient to the Spur ; the Sorrel feldom fail of being good, efpecially if their Legs, Tails, and Manes be black ; and the fame may be faid of the Flea-bitten, at leaft thofe fo mark 'd in the fore Parts, or over the whole Body ; for when only behind 'tis an ill Sign.

Indeed 'tis hard laying down any univerfal Rules The

White, which promife "the leaft, prove good when black about the Eyes and Noftrils. And there are excellent Iron Greys, tho' they are not reputed a good Colour.

For the Age, Teeth, Mark, Sic. of Horfes. See Age, Teeth, Mark, tfc.

For the Furniture, &c. of a Horje. See Saddle, Bri- dle, Bit, {$c.

Horse is alfo us'd, in the Military Language, to exprels the Cavalry. See Cavalry.

The Army confilled of 30000 Foot, and 10000 Horfe. See Infantry.

The Horfe includes Horfe Guards, Horfe Granadiers, and Troopers. — Dragoons are alfo frequently comprehended un- der the Name, tho' they fight on Foot. See Horse Guards, Granadier, Dragoon, &c.

Horfe Guards, by the Spaniards call'd Gtiardas de a Ctt- vallo ; by the French, Gardes de Corps ; the Germans, Leib- gardy ; and by the Englifh ufually Life Guards ; are the Guards of the King's Perfon and Body, confifting of 800 Men, well arm'd and equipp'd. See Guard.

They are divided into three Troops ; and to each is now added, by Eftablilhment, a Troop of Granadiers, confifting of 6.J. Men ; all under the Command of a Captain. See Troop, Granadier, Captain, ire.

Each Troop of Horfe Guards is divided into four Divifi- ons or Squadrons 5 two of which, confifting of ico Men, commanded by a principal commiflion'd Officer, two Briga- diers, and two Sub brigadiers, with two Trumpets, mount the Guard, one Day in fix, and are reliev'd in their Turns.

Their Duty is, by Parties from the Guard, to attend the King's Perfon when he goes out near Home. — When he goes out of Town, he is attended by Detachments out of all the three Troops.

One of the three Captains of the Horfe Guards attends on the King when he walks on foot, immediately next his Per fon ; carrying in his Hand an Ebony Staff or Truncheon with a Gold Head.

One Divifion of Granadiers mounts with a Divifion of the Troop to which they belong ; and go out on frnall Par ties from the Guard, perform Ccntinel Duty on foot, attend the King alfo on foot, &c.

Mafter of the Horse. See Master of the Horfe.

Light Horse, includes all the Horje except thofe of the Life Guard.

The Term Light Horfe is fometimes apply'd to an inde- pendent Troop j or a Troop not embody 'd into a Regi- ment.

The Denomination arofe hence, that anciently they were lightly arm'd, in Comparifon of the Royal Guard, which were arm'd at all Points.

Horse, is alfo a Term ufed in various of the Arts and Manufactories, for fomething that helps to fuftain their Work from the Ground, for the more commodious working at it.

The Horfe ufed by the Tanners, Skinners, call'd alfo the Leg, is a Piece of Wood cut hollow and roundi/h, four or five Foot long, and placed aflope; upon which they pare their Skins to get off the Dirt, Hair, Flefii, Z$c. See Tanning, Currying, Chamoising, &c.

Horfe is alfo ufed in Carpentry for a Piece of Wood jointed acrofs two other perpendicular ones, to fuftain the Boards, Planks, £j?c. which make Bridges over fmall Rivers ; and on divers other Occafions.

Wooden Horfe. See Eqjiuleus.

Horse is alfo a Rope in a Ship, made faff to one of the Fore-maft Shrouds ; having a dead Man's Eye at its End through which the Pendant of the Sprit-fail Sheets is' reev'd.

Horse is alfo a Cant Name lately introdue'd into the Affair of Lotteries, for the Chance or Benefit of a Ticket or Number for one or more Days, upon Condition, if it be drawn a Prize within the Time covenanted for, of returning to the Seller an undrawn Ticket. Sec Chance and Lot- tery. ,

To determine the Value of a Horfe. — Multiply the A- mount of the Prizes in the Lottery by the Time the Horfe is hired for ; and from the ProduS fiibtract the Amount of the Number of Prizes by the Value of an undrawn Ticket into the Time of the Horfe: The Remainder being divided by the Number of Tickets into the whole Time of drawing the Quotient is the Value of the Horfe. See Gaming

HORSEMANSHIP, the Art of breaking, difciplining and managing Horfes. See Horse.

Horfemanfeip, in its Latitude, includes what relates to the Make, Colour, Age, Temper, and Qualities of Horfes ; their refpective Countries and Climates, with the Manner of breed- ing, propagating, fife, the Difcovery of the Ufes or Services they are firteft for, whether the Wars, the Race, the Sad- dle, or Labour 5 and forwarding and accommodation them thereto.

In this general Senfe, it alfo includes the Knowledge of the Defe8s and Difeafes of Horfes, and the Remedies proper for the fame ; with the feveral Operations requifire thereto as Docking, Gelding, Shoeing, &c. And thus takes in the Farrier's Province. See Farrier. See alfo Docking Gelding, Shoeing, &c. '

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