Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1006

 HOM

HOLINESS, or Holiness, Sanctity, the Quality which conflitutes or denominates a Peribn or Thing holy ; i. e. free or exempt of Sin. SeeSiN.

Holyness is alfo us'd in refpeft of Perfons and Things that are fiend, i. e. fet apart to the Setvice of God, and the Uies of Religion. See Sacred and Saint.

In this Senle we lay holy Days, holy Ordinances, the holy Bible, holy Goipels, holy War, Eft. -The Roman Catho- licks call the Inquifition the holy Tribunal ; the See of Rome, the holy See, Eft- See Inojisition, Eft-

Holy Oil, holy Water, Eft. See Oil, Water, b>c.

'Paleftine is particularly call'd the holy Land, and yeru\a- lem the fob City.- Princes formerly made aPrafl.ce of coins to iienalize their Religion in the holy Land ; who, it they had had any Religion, would have ftaid at Home. See Croisade. . ' . ,

In the Romp Countries, one Third of the Tear is taken up in holy Days, Saints Days, Eft. In Scotland, they ob- ierve no Hated holy Days, beRde Sundays. . _

Holy Week, is the lall Week ot Lent, call d alio yaj/ta K%*. See Lent and Passion.

Hb/J" Thurfday, is what we otherwiie call Matinday Thirfiay. See Maonday.

i/4r Year is ibmetimes us'd for the Year of Jubilee. See

ln"theVe-o> Tabernacle, and afterwards in the Temple, were two' Places ; the one call'd the Holy, Smtitonm ; and the other, which was more retir'd, the Holy of Holies, SanRum SanRentm, or the Sanctuary. See Sanctuary.

The Holy was feparated from the Holy of Holies by a Veil.— In this latter Place was the Ark of the Covenant kept. See Ark.

Holyness is alfo a Title or Quality attributed to the Pope ; as that of Majefly is to Kings. See Title, Qua-

LI TV, &C,

Even Kings writing to the Pope, addrefs him under the venerable Appellation of your Holynef, or Holy Father; in Latin Sautfipne, or Beatiffime 'Pater. See Pope.

Anciently the fame Title, Holynefs, was given to all Bi- fliops $ as appears in St. Augujlin, Fortunaius, Nicholas I. Ctiffiodore, &c. — St. Gregory compliments ibme ot" his cotemporary Bifhops with Tour Beatitude ', Tour Holynefs.

The Greek Emperors of Confiantinople were alio addrefs *d under the Title of Holynefs, in regard of their being anoinred with holy Oil at their Coronations. — Du Cavge adds, that Ibme of the Kings of England have had the lime Title ; and that the Orientals have frequently refus'd it to the Pope.

Order of the Holy Ghof, is a military Order in France, the principal, in Point of Dignity, in that Kingdom. See Order and Knight.

It was inifituted by King Henry III. in 1569, in Memory of three great Events happening on the lame Day, viz-, his Birth, Acceffion to the Crown of France, and Election to that of Poland j and is to confift of 100 Knights only ; who, to be admitted, are to make Proof of their Nobility for three Defcents.

The King is the Grand Matter or Sovereign, and takes the Oath as fiich on his Coronation Day ; whereby he fo- Icmnly vows to maintain for ever the Order of the Holy Ghoflt without ever fufFering it to fhrink, fall, or diminifh, fo long as it is in his Power to hinder it ; and never to at- tempt to alter or difpenfe with any of the irrevocable Sta- tutes of the Order.

The Knights are all to wear a Gold Crofs, hung about the Neck by a blue Silk Ribbon or Collar ; and the Officers and Commanders are alfo to wear a Crofs lewed on the left Side of their Cloaks, Robes, and other upper Garment.

Before they receive the Order of the Holy Ghojl, that of St. Michael is conferr'd, as a neceffkry Degree ; for which Reafbn their Arms are furounded with a double Collar.

Crofs of the Holy Ghojl, in Heraldry. — A Crofs of the Holy Ghojl confilts of a Circle in the Middle, and on it the Holy Ghojl in figure of a Dove : the four Arms are drawn narrow from the Centre, and widening to the Ends, where the returning Lines divide each of them into two fharp Points, upon each of which is a Pearl. See Cross,

From the Intervals of the Circle between the Arms, iflue four Flower-de-luces. —, This is the Crofs worn by the Knights of the Order of the Holy Gbofl in France.

HoLY-Rood2)ay t a. Feflival obferv'd by the Roman Catho- licks, in Memory of the Exaltation of our Saviour's Crofs. See Exaltation of the Crofs.

HoLY-ivater Sprinkle, among Hunters, fignifles the Tail of a Fox. See Tail.

HOMAGE, or Hommage, in its general and literal Senle, denotes the Reverence, Refpect, and Submiftlon which a Perfon yields his Mafler, Lord, Prince, or other Superior. See Lord, &c.

Homage, Homagium, Homtnium, in Law, is an En- gagement or Promife of Fidelity, which the Vaffal or Te-

( H 6 )

HOM

nant who holds a Fee, renders to the Lord when admitted thereto. See Fee, Vassal, Lord, Eft.

The Word is form'd of the Latin, Homo, Man ; by rea- fon when the Tenant takes this Oath, he fays, igo deaenio homo vefler, I become your Man : For the fame Reafbn, Homage is call'd Manhood: So the Homage of his Tenant, and the Manhood of his Tenant, is all one. Coke on Zittl. fol. 64.

In the original Grants of Lands and Tenements by Way of Fee, the Lord did not only tye his Tenants to certain Services j but alio took a Submiffion, with Promiie and Oath to be true and loyal to him as their Lord and Bene- factor.

This Submiffion, Eft. is call'd Homage, the Form whereof, as appointed by Stat. 17 Edtv. II. is in thefe Words: When a Free-man fhall do homage to his Lord, of whom he hold- eth in Chief, he fhall hold his Hands together between the Hands of his Lord, and fhall fay thus : " 1 become your " Man from this Day forth for my Life, for Member, and " for worldly Honour j and fhall owe you my Faith for the " Land I hold of you, faving the Faith that 1 owe unto " our Sovereign Lord the King, and to mine other Lords.

In this Manner the Lord of the Fee, for which Homage is due, takes Homage of every Tenant as he comes to the Land or Fee. Glanvil, indeed, excepts Women 5 who only perform Homage by their Husbands ; in regard Homage is fuppos'd to have a more immediate Relation to Service in War ; but Fitzherbert denies the Exception, Nat. Srev. fol. ,57.

He adds, that Bifhops do no Homage, but only Fealty, and, probably, for the fame Reafon as Women. Yet do we read, that the Archbi/hop of Canterbury does Homage on his Knees to our Kings at their Coronation ; and that the Bifhop of Man is Homager to the Earl of 'Derby.

Fulbec reconciles this: By our Law, lays he, a religious Man may do homage ; but may not fay to the Lord, Ego deve?iio homo vefter ; becauie he has already profefs'd himielf to be only God's Man 4 but he may lay to him, " I do unto
 * you Homage, and to you fhall be faithful and loyal.

Homage and Fealty, or Faith, are two diitinct. Things, different Duties. See Fealty.

Originally, Homage was performed by the Gentleman, and Fealty by the Peafant. Others fay, that Homage was that perform'd to the Lord himfelf; and Fealty to his Senefchal or Steward, for his Lord. — 'Tis added, that he who holds Lands for Term of Life, owes Homage, but not Fealty.

Bi/hops take the Oath of Fealty and Loyalty to the King for the Temporalities they hold of him, but without Ho* mage or Vaffalage. See Temporality.

HoMAGE-Zi^f was a more extenfive Kind of Homage., whereby the Vaffal held of the Lord, not only for his Lands, but for his Perfon. — So that the Lord might ufe him againJt all Mankind, whether within or without the Kingdom, excepting the King. See Liege.

This Kind of Homage was render'd bare-headed, with the Hands join'd on the Gofpels, one Knee on the Ground, and without Sword, Girdle, or Spurs. — By which it was diftinguifh'd from Frank Homage. See Frank.

There are alfo other Diftindtions of Homage, as,

Plain Homage ', or Homage of a Fee, where no Oath of Fidelity is taken.

Hmnage of Devotion, which is a Donation made the Church, and does not import any Duty or Service at all.

Homage of Peace, which a Perfon makes to another after a Reconciliation, as an Affurance that he will no longer difturb his Peace, $£c.

Homage, again, is divided into new, i. e. that perform'd upon the Grant of the Fee $ and Aunceflrel.

Homage Auncefirel, is where a Man, and his Anceffors, Time out of Mind, have held their Land of the Lord and his Ancetiora by Homage.

If fuch Lord have receiv'd Homage, he is bound to acquit the Tenant againft all other Lords above him, of every Manner of Service : And if the Tenant has done Homage to his Lord, and is impleaded, and vouches the Lord to warranty, the Lord is bound to warrant him 5 and if the Tenant lofe, he fhall recover in Value againft the Lord, fo much of the Lands as he had at that Time of the Voucher, or any Time after. See Voucher.

Homage is alfo us'd for the Jury in a Court-Baron 5 be- caufe commonly confining of fuch as pay Homage to the Lord of the Fee. See Jury and GovRT-Saron.

Homage is alfo taken, in fome Cafes, for the particular Place or Diffrict where the Services are to be perform'd.

HOMAGER, a Perfon that does, or is bound to do, Ho- mage to another. See Homage.

This Lordfhip is fo extenfive, that there are above 120 Tenants or Homagers therein.

HOMAGIO refpeBuando, is a Writ iflu'd out to the Ef- cheator, commanding him to deliver Seifin of Lands to the Heir that is at full Age, notwithflanding his Homage not being done.

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