Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1001

 HIE

This Herefiarch was by Nation an Egyptian ; and, befide his Mother-Tongue, was a Mafter of the Greek, and well feen in all the polite Parts of Learning. Being born a Chnftian, he had been brought up to the Study of the Holy Scriptures, whereof he hid a more than ordinary- Acquaintance ; fo that he wrote Commentaries on fome of them : But, by an ill Ufe of his Knowledge, he fell into divers Errors, in which his Interefi and Authority among the Monks of Egypt procured him Abundance of Followers.

He absolutely denied the Refurreftion of the Body ; maintaining that the Soul alone rofe again ; and that the Refurreaion was altogether fpiritual. — Epiphanius fur- mifes that he might have imbibed this Error from Origen. The fame Hieracas, and his Followers likewife con- demn'd Marriage 5 being of Opinion that it was only allowed under the Old Teflament, and till the Coming of Jefus Chrift ; but that under the New Law, all Marriage was prohibited, as incompatible with the Kingdom of Go'd. S. Epiphanius produces the Paffages of Scripture whereon he founded this Doflrir.e. He adds, that Hieracas did not give into Origen's Error with Regard to the Myftery of the Trinity, but allow'd the Son to be really and truly begotten of the Father: He was alfo Orthodox with refpefl to the Holy Ghoft j excepting for fome Pe- culiarities received from the Melchifedechians, on which he had refined. He lived a 'very auftere Life, and pro- moted the fame among his Followers : But after his Death they degenerated a-pace.

HIERA Picra, in Pharmacy, a Kind of Elecluary, firft de r cribed by Galen ; compofed of Aloes, Cinnamon, Mace, Afarabacca, Spicanardi, Saffron, Maftic and Honey. It is ufed to purge and cleanfe the Stomach 3 remove ObftruAions, promote the Menfes and Haemorrhoids, and fweeten the Blood. Tho' its chief Ufe among us, is in making the. TinSura facra. See Tinctura.

It is denominated from the Greek, is?©-, facer, holy, by Reafon of its rare Virtues 5 and wmej;, amarns, bit- ter ; Aloes, which is the Baft thereof, rendering it ex- tremely bitter. See Aloes.

There is another Hiera, call'd Hiera Diacolocynthidos IPachii, by Reafon Colocynthis is the Bafe thereof, and that it was firft ufed with good Succefs by Pachius of Antioch, in divers obftinate Difeafes. — It is compofed of Colocynthis, Opoponax, Ariftohchia rotunda, Agaric, and other Ingredients.

It is ufed in Epilepfies, Apoplexies, Palfies, and Lethargies, to excire the Menfes, and promote the Expulfion of the After-birth.

-There is alfo a third Sort of Hiera, call'd Liberanus ; but rarely ufed. — Dr. ghiincy fays, 'tis one of the moff ridiculous Medleys ever contrived. Ic paffes for a Cordial, &c. HIERARCHY, Hierarchia, in Theology, the Order, or Subordination, among the feveral Choirs, or Ranks of Angels. See Angel.

St. Dionyfms, and other of the antient Writers, eflablilh nine Choirs, or Orders of celeftial Spirits, viz. Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones, Dominions, Principalities, Powers, Virtues, Angels and Archangels : And thefe he divides into thtee Hierarchies. See Seraph, Cher'ub, $3c.

The Word is Greek, form'd of i'-e)(, facer, holy, and rtf^ii, Principatus, Principality, q. d. Upa. «JX"> facer ^Principatus, holy Principality or Command 3 and Princi- pality in holy Things.

Hierarchy, is alfo ufed on Earth, for the Subordi- nation between Prelates and other Ecclefiafticks. See Ecclesiastical 'Polity.

Archbifhops, Bifhops, Priefls, and Deacons, compefe the Hierarchy of the Church of England. In that of Rome, the Pope has likewife a Place at the Head of the Hierarchi. Fa. Cellot, a Jefuit of Paris, has publifhed a Volume exprefs, de Hierarchia and Hierarchis, L. IX, on the Hierarchy, and thole who compofe it. He there diftin- guifhes a created, and an increated Hierarchy 3 a divine, and a human or ecclefiaftical Hierarchy 3 and in this, a Hierarchy of Jurifdiclion, a Hierarchy of Order, and a Hierarchy of Graces the moll fublime of all. — ■ He defines Hierarchy, in the genera], a Principality, Com- mand, or Superiority in holy Things : Principatus, or Jmperium in rebus Sacris. He holds, that Hierarchy excludes all below Bifhops 3 and that neither Priefls nor Deacons can be reckon 'd among the Number of Hierarchy. Sellannin, Hattier, Aurelius, &c. he holds, were all mi- ffaken, and did not diftinguifh between being of the Hierarchy, and being under it. 'According to him, to be of, or in the Hierarchy, are the fame Thing ; and are only applicable to thofe who govern the Church, or have fome Part in the Adrniniftration thereof : On the contrary, to be under the Hierarchy, is to be ruled or governed by the Hierarchy.

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HIE

Cellot w.U not admit of any Difference between thefe three Expreffions. To prove that they all denote the fame Thing, he inftances in the Cafe of Monarchy, alledg'd for the fame Purpofe by P. Aurelins : Ur^ino that in a Monarchy, all, even the Subjeas are in the°'Monarchy, of the Monarchy, or under the Monarchy ; and that none are excluded but Foreigners : And that rhe Cafe is the fame in the Hierarchy.

HIERATIC Paper, among the Antients, was the fined Sort of Paper ; which was fet apart only -for facred or religious Ufes. See Paper.

HIEROGLYPHIC, a Symbol, or Myftic Figure, ufed among the antient Egyptians, to cover, or conceal the Secrets of their Theology. See Character.

Hieroglyphicks ate properly Emblems, or Signs of di- vine, facred, or fupernatural Things 5 by which they are diftinguifhed from common Symbols, which are Signs of ienfioie and natural Things. See Symbol.

Hermes Trifmegifcus, is commonly cfteemed the Inventor of Hieroglyphicks: He firft introduced them into the Heathen Theology ; from whence they have been rranf* planted into the Jewifh and Chnftian.

The Word is compofed of the Greek, hgU, facer, holy, and ykjfur, fculpere, to engrave 3 it being the Cuftom to have the Walls, Doors, t§c. of their Temples, Obelifks, &c. engraven with fuch Figures.

Sacred Things, fays Hippocrates, fhould only be com- municated to facred Perfons. — Hence it was, that the antient Egyptians communicated to none but their Kings and Priefls, and thofe who were to fuccccd to the Priefthoo°I and the Crown, the Secrets of Nature, and the Myfleries of their Morality and Hiftory 5 and this, by a Kind of Cabbala, which at the fame Time that it inftruacd them, only amufed the reft of the People. — Hence the Ufe of Hieroglyphicks, or myftic Figures, to veil their Morality, Politicks, iSc. from prophane Eyes. Spoil. This Author, it may be obferved, and many others, do not keep to the precife Charaaer of a Hieroglyphic, but apply it to prophane as well as divine Things. *

Hieroglyphicks are a Kind of real Charaflers, which do not only denote, but in fome Meafure exprefs the Things. — Thus, according to Clemens Alexandria, Strom. 5. A Lion is the Hieroglyphic of Strength and Fortitude 3 a Bullock, of Agriculture 3 a Horfe, of Liberty 5 a Sphinx of Subtlety, iSc. See Hieroglyphical.

HIEROGLYPHICAL, fomcthing containing a Hiero* glyphic. See Hieroglyphic.

In Egypt are flill found divers Obelifks, Figures, £?c. full of Hieroglyphical Figures or Charaflcrs. "See Hie- P.0GRAMMATE1.

' From the inmoft RecefTes of the Dome, fays Apuleius, ' he brings forth certain Books wrote in myftic, unintel- ' ligible CharaBers 5 confifling partly of Figures of Ani- ' mals, apparently fuggefting fome compendious Sayings 5 ' and partly of Knots, and Flourifhcs 5 all abundantly ' fecured from the too curious Eyes of profane Readers. ' The religious Rites of the Egyptians, are moftly invol- ' yed in fuch Figures of Animals, which arc hence called Uejy?.orDiy& y@ifxp.mtt, Hieroglyphical Letters.

H1EROGRAMMATEI, among the antient Egyptians, were the Priefts appointed to explain the Myfteries of Re- ligion, and to dirca the Performance of the Ceremonies thereof.

The Hierogrammatei invented and wrote Hieroglyphicks and Hieroglyphical Books, and occafionally cxplain'd 'cm' with other Matters relating to the Doarines of Religion'. If we may believe Sttidas, they were alfo Prophets 5 at leaft, he relates, that a Hierogrammateus foretold to an antient King of Egypt, that there would be an Ifraelite of great Wifdom, Virtue and Renown, who fhould humble Egypt.

The Hierogrammatei were always near the King, to affift him with their Informations and Councils : °The better to fit them for this, they made ufe of the Skill and Knowledge they had acquired in the Stars, and the Motions of the heavenly Lights 5 and even of the Writings of their Predeceffors, wherein their Funftions and Duties were dehver'd. They were exempted from all civil Em- ployments 3 wete reputed the firft Perfons in Dignity next the King 5 and bore a Kind of Scepter in form of a Plough-fhare.

After Egypt became a Province of the Roman Empire, the Hierogrammatei funk into Negka.

HIEROMNEMON, an Officer in the antient Greek Church 5 whofe principal Function was, to ftand behind the Patriarch at the Sacraments, Ceremonies, c5c. and fhew him the Prayers, Pfalms, &c. he was to rehearfe. — ■ He alfo cloath'd the Patriarch in his pontifical Robes 5 and afiign'd the Places of all thofe who had a Right to be around him, when feated on his Throne 3 as the Mafter of the Ceremonies now does to the Pope.


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