Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/1000

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HID

fnppofed, under Marcus Aurelius : The fourth was that oiTheodofian, under Commodus : The firth was found at fetich*, in the Reign of Caracalla, about the Year ai 7 j And the fixth Was difcover'd at Nicopohs, about the Year 2^8. Lafily, Ongw himfclf recover d Part of a feventh, containing only the Tfalms. See Version. _

Now Or;gffff, who had held frequent Dictations with the Jews in .Egy/* apd Valeftinef obferving that they always objected againlt thofe Paffages of Scripture quoted asainlt them ; and appeal'd to the Hebrew Text ; the better to vindicate thofe Paffagcs, and confound the Jews, by fhewing that the Seventy had given the Sente of the Hebrew • or rather to fhew, by a Number of different Ver- fions what the real Senfe of the Hebrew was : undertook to reduce all thefe feveral Verfions into a Body, along with the Hebrew Text ; fo as they might be eafily confronted, and afford a mutual Light to each other.

In Order to this, he made Choice of eight Columns : In the firft. he gave the Hebrew Text in Hebrew Characters : In the fecond, the fame Text in Greek Characters. The reft were filled with the feveral Verfions abovementioned 5 all the Columns anfwering Verfc for Verfe, and Pfarafe for Phrafc. In the <Pfalms there was a ninth Column for the feventh Verfion.

This Work Ortgen calPd 'EgarAo, Hexapla, q. d. Sex- tuple, or a Work of fix Columns 5 as only regarding the fiift fix Greek Verfions.

Indeed, S. Epipbanius t taking in likewife the two Co- lumns of the Text, calls the Work Otiapla, as confuting of eight Columns. See Octapla.

This celebrated Work perifh'd long ago : Tho J feveral of the antient Writers have preferved us Pieces thereof; particularly S. Chryfojiom on the <Pfalms, While-pomes in his Hexameron, &c. — Some modern Writers have endeavoured to collect Fragments of the Hexapla, particularly IDfttfius, and Fa. Montfaucon.

HEXASTYLE, HexAstylos, in the antient Archi- tecture, a Building with fix Columns in Front. See Column.

The Temple of Honour and Virtue at Rome, built by Mutius, was a Hexaflyle. See Temple.

The Word is compofed of e; 3 Six y and svh©- 7 Column.

HEYRS, in Husbandry, are young timber Trees, ufually left for Standards in felling of Woods or Copfes. See Timber, Felling, Standard, &c.

HIATUS, a Latin Term, properly fignifying the Aper- ture of the Mouth 5 from the Verb hiare, to gape.

It is varioufly ufed in Works of Literature, &c. to de- note a Chafm, or Gap. Particularly in Verfes, where there is a clafhing of Vowels, by fome Words ending with a Vowel, and the following one beginning with another. ' — Tho' oft the Ear the open Vowels tire.

This clafhing of Vowels, fo difagreeable to the Ear, is called a Hiatus in Profe as well as*Verfe. — ■ The Romans were fo very careful to avoid it, that they always fupprefsM the preceding Vowel even in Profe 5 as is obferved by Cicero in his Orator.

The Word Hiatus is alfo ufed for a Defect in a Manu- fcript Copy ; where fomething is loft, or effaced, by the Injuries of Time, or otherwife.

In a theatrical Piece, there is faid to be a Hiatus, when a Scene is not well connected to the next, but leaves the Action interrupted. See Scene.

In Matters of Genealogy, -Hiatus is an Interruption in a Line or Series of Defendants. — Thofe Proofs of eight Hundred Years are impoflible, by Reafon of the frequent Hiatus's occafion'd by Civil Wars, Gothic Inundations, c5c.

H1CK.UP, Hiccough, or Hicket, Singultus, in Me- dicine, a fudden irregular Infpiration ; wherein the Sto- mach, and the Parts contained in the lower Venter, are driven from below, upwards.

The Hickup is not a Diforder of the Stomach, as is ufually imagined, but a convulfive Motion of the 2)ia- phr&gma $ whereby that Mufcle retiring impetuoufly down- wards, impels the Parts beneath it.

It is occafion'd by fharp Humours 5 a too great Plenitude of the Stomach 5 a Bit of any Thing ftopp'd at its upper Orifice ; or, in the general, by any Thing capable of irritating the Nerves of the ZDiaphragma.

The Remedy for the Hiccough, according to Hippo- crates, is to fetch the Breath very long, or even to itop the Breath for fome Time. A Sneezing happening upon a Hiccough generally cures it ; the Diaphragm, fhook by the violent Expiration, being apt to throw off what before irritated it.

The Word is form'd of the Plemim Hick, which figni- fies the fame Thing. Others derive it ab hifcendo 3 others, a difficili Auhelitu.

HIDAGE, or HydAge, was an extraordinary Tax j an- tiently payable to the King for every Hide of Land. See Hide.

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Sunt etiani quedam communes tPraftationes, qu Carvagia, £5? alia plura de necejjitate & ex confenfu communi totius regni m- trodutla, £5? qute ad dominu.ni non pertinent, cVc. Bracton Lib. II. Cap. 6.

King JEthelred, in the Year of Chrift 994, upon the Landing of the Danes at Sandwich, taxed all his Lands by Hides. Every 310 Hides of Land found one Ship furnifhed 5 and every 8 Hides found one Jack, and one Saddle for the Defence of the Realm.

Wilhelmus Conqueitor de tmaquaque Hida per An- gliam [ex folidos accepit. Floren. Wigorn. in An. 1084..

The Word Hidage is alfb ufed for a being quit of that Tax ; which was alfo call'd Hyde-Gild.

HIDE, the Skin of a Beaft $ particularly that of a Builock or Cow. See Skin and Leather.

We have Hides of divers Denominations, according to their State, Quality, &c*

Raw Hide, or Green Hide, is that which has not undergone any Preparation ; being in the fame Condition as when taken off the Carca-e.

Salted Hide, is a green Hide, ieafon'd with Sea-Salt and Alum, or Salt-Petre ; to prevent its fpoiling and corrupting, either by keeping it too long in Cellars, or in tranfporting it too far in a hot Seafon.

There are alfo Hides dried in the Hair, fent from America 5 particularly thofe of BufFelo's, &c. See Bu-

CANEER.

I'antfd Hide, is a Hide either green, faltcd or dried, further drefled and prepared by the Tanner, by paring off the Hair, and fteeping it in Pits of Lime and Tan. See Tanning.

Curried Hide, is that which after tanning, has paffed thro 1 the Curriers Hands, and has thus received its lafl Preparation, and is fitted for Ufc. See Currying.

Hide, Hyde, or Hyda, in our antient Cuftoms, was a Meafure, or Quantity of Land, containing fo much as could be yearly till'd with a fmgle Plough. See Plough Land.

Seda calls the Hide of Land Familia, and defines it to be fo much as was fufficient for the ordinary Maintenance of one Family. See Family.

In other Authors it is called Mdnfum, Manens, Cafata, Car-ucata, Sullinga, &c. See Carucata.

Crompton, in his jfutifdiSt, Fol. 222, fays a Hide of Land, contains one hundred Acres : He adds, that eight Hides make a Knight's Fee. In an antient Manufcript the Hide is fix'd at 120 Acres.

But Sir Edward Coke adds, that a Knight's Fee, a Hide, or Plough-Land, a Yard-Land, and an Oxgang of Land do not contain any certain, determinate Number of Acres. See Knight's Fee, Yard Land, &c.

The Diftribution of England into Hides of Land ' is very antient 5 there being mention made of it in the Laws of King John, Cap. 14. Henricus I. Maritand, filiee face gratia Imperatori, cepit ab zmaquaque Hida Anghtf tres Sol. Spelman.

HiTiE-Sound, a Diforder of a Horfe, or other Beaff, wherein his Skin fticks fo tight to his Ribs and Back, as not to be loofen'd from it with the Hand.

The Diforder is fometimes owing to Poverty and bad keeping 5 at other Times to over Riding or a Surfeit, the Horfe being fuffered when he is hot, to {land long in the wet 5 or to a morbid Drynefs of the Blood, which not having its natural Courfe, caufes the Skin to fhrink up, and cleave to the Bones.

HiDK-Sound, among Husbandmen. — > Trees are faid to be fo when the Bark fticks too clofe. See Bark.

HIDEL, in our antient Statutes, fignifies a Place of Protection, or a Sanctuary. See Sanctuary.

H1DGILD, in the Laws of King Canute, is explained by Wretium redemptions aut manumijjionh Servi 5 from the Saxon bioe 3 i. e. the Skin, and 51I0, pretium, i. e. the Price by which he redeemed his Skin from being whipp'd. See Gild.

Si liher feftis diclis operetur, perdat libertatem ; fi fervus, cerium perdat, vel Hidgildum, /. e. let him be whipped, which was the Punifhment for Servants. Vel Hidgildum, i. e. let him pay for his Skin 5 by which Payment he is to be excufed from Whipping.

HIDROTICKS, or rather Hydroticks, in Medicine, are the fame with Sudorificks. See Sudorificks.

Carduus Benedictus, Zcdoary, Gayac, Angelica, $5c. are of the Number of Hidroticks, or Hidrotic Medicines.

The Word is compofed of the Greek, f^?^') Sweat.

HIERACITES, Hieracit-k, a Sect of antient He- reticksj denominated from their Leader Hieracas.

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