Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/947

 WAT

W H E

to another by a gentle motion. For the geheral theory of thefe engines, fee Daniel Bernoulli' & Hydrodynamics, fe.&. 9. Waters, among farriers, the name given to a diftemperature of horfes. The hinder legs of thefe creatures are very fub- jcft to a defluxion of certain white, fharp and corrupt hu- mours, or waters, as they call them, which happen very rarely to the fore legs.

This difeafe is difcovered by fearching the patterns, where, if a moiftnefs is felt beneath the hair, and is extremely link- ing, there is danger of its growing to the utmoft height of this difeafe, in which it will grow all round the partem and pattern joint, and fometimes almoft up to the very ham. Thefe waters frequently caufe the patterns to fwell, keeping the legs fliff, and making the horfe lean ; finally, they often ieparate the flefh from the coronet near the heel. This dif- eafe is very obftinate and ftubborn when once rooted in the horfe. It may eafity be ftopt in the beginning, but when of any continuance, it is an error to attempt to ftop it, for if dried up ever fo often, it will always return again. It is in vain to attempt a cure of this difeafe in the winter, un- lefs it be but juft begun ; but in the fummer fcafon all at- tempts fuccced better, and what the farriers call the white honey charge has furprifing effects, often performing a cure alone.

Some farriers diftinguirti between the waters and what they call watery fores, though others call them only degrees of the fame diftemper. Thofe who diftinguifh them, defcribe the watery fore as a white, corrofive, and malignant matter, if- fuing out of the pores of a horfe 's leg, ufually on the lower part only, but fometimes all over it; and beginning from a ftinking matter, deadening the flcin of the partem and fet- lock, and by degrees loofening the hoof from the coronet at the heel. The breaking out of this matter is always ufher- ed by a fwelling of the lower part of the leg, and attended with pain; and the humour at length acquiring a fharp and venomous quality, it is attended with warts, clefts, and nodes, which in procefs of time over-run the whole part, and render the cure very difficult.

This difeafe generally appears firfr. on the outfide of the partem, and by degrees rifes up to the middle of the leg, peeling off fome part of the hair all the way. The method of cure mould be this : as foon as a horfe is fiezed with the diftemper, he fliould be blooded fparingly, at the utmoft not exceeding two pounds ; after this he fliould take large dofes of a decoction of guaiacum, or of box-wood, twice every day for eight days; after this he is to take three or four brifk purges, and then to have recourfe to thedecocli- on again. In the interim, the hair muft be all clean fhaved off from the diftempered part of the leg, and it muft be rub- bed with a wifp of hay very often, and the watery fores in it anointed with the following ointment. Take a pound of black foap, three ounces of fpirit of wine, two ounces of common fait, and three ounces of burnt alum; there is to be as much meal or flower added to thefe, as will make the whole into a proper confiftence : this Is to be laid on all the fores without any covering or bandage, and the next morn- ing it is to be wafhed off with a lee of afhes frefh made. This anointing and waffling is to be repeated every day, and between the effect of this, and of the internal remedies, the difeafe feldom fails of a cure 3 if it be not very obftinate, or of very long ftanding.

B'trd-lime-W at ER. See hiME-twigs, Suppl.

Citron-W at er. See the article Citron -water. Append.

DiJlUled-W at ers. See the article Distilled, Suppl.

Di/lilled-W at ers of laurel-leaves poifonous. See the article Laurocerasus.

Egra-WATER. See the article Egrana aqua, Suppl.

Hay-WATER. See the article Hay, Suppl.

Monfrofe-'W aters. See the article Montrose, Suppl.

Pcpper-W at er. See the article Pepper, Suppl.

Pyrmont-'W at ER. See the article Pyrmont, Suppl.

££uickfilver- Water is made with four ounces of quickfilver to two quarts of fpring water boiled to one quart. This is reckoned an efficacious medicine in feveral cafes, as the worms and the itch in children, by Dr. Chcyne and others.

Rain-^N kter. See the article Rain, Suppl.

Sorrance-W at ers. See the article Sorrance, Suppl.

Spa-WATER. See the article SpA-water, Suppl.

Tar-WATER. See the article Tar, Suppl.

Tiberiades-W at er. See the article Tiberiades, Suppl.

Vitz-iclic-W at er. See the article Vitriolic, Suppl.

Ziment-W at er. See the article Zi me nt, Suppl.

Water- bellows. See the article Bellows, Suppl.

W ATER-calaminth, the name ufed by fome for a fpecies of

mint. See the articles Mint and Mentha, Suppl. W ATER-crefs, the name by which fome call the jifymbrium, a diftinct genus of plants. See the article Sisymbrium, Sufpl. W at ER-drop- wort. See the article DRov-wort, fupra. Water- engine, in mechanics. This term is ambiguous ; for it may either fignify an engine to raife water, or any en- gine that moves by the force of water. W at ER- germander. See the article Germander, fupra.

W ATER-hemp-agrimony. See the article fPafer-HzM?j fupra a

Water-////}'. See the article Lilly, fupra.

W ATER-parfnep. See the article Parsnep, fupra.

W ATER-pepper. See the article Pepper, fupra.

WAX (Suppl.) — Thorough-W ax, in botany, the name by* which fome call the bupleurum, or hare's ears. See the ar- ticle Hare'j ears, Suppl i

WAY, {Suppl.) the fame with iveigh. See Weigh, Cyd.

WAYFARING-rr«, a name fometimes given to the vilur~ num. See the article Viburnum, Supfl.

WEATHER (Cyd. and Suppl.)— We ATHER-bcarding, among carpenters, iSc denotes the nailing up of boards agalnft a wall, and fometimes the boards themfelves when thus nailed up. Build. Diet, in voc.

We ATHER-f /7/ffg-, among workmen, the covering the upright fides of houfes with tiles. Id. ibid.

W£H-«yi', in natural biftory, the Englifh name for what zo- ologirts more ufually call aurelia, or cbryjlilis. See the ar-* tide Chrysalis, Append.

WEDGE (Cyd.)-— The effect of the wedge may be thus ex* plained : Let ABC reprefent a wedge driven into the cleft EDF, of which DE and DF

are the fides ; and if we fuppofe A_ E

thofe fides DE andDF to re- a£t upon the wedge with directi- ons perpendicular to D E and DF, let the horizontal line EF meet D F in F : then when the force impelling the wedge, fup- pofed perpendicular to the hori- zon, is in eqiii'ihrio with the refiftances of the fides of the cleft DE and DF, thefe three powers are in the fame proportion as the three right lines EF, DE, and DF. But it follows from the compofition of motion, that when three powers are in equilibrio with each other, they are in the fame proportion as the fhretf fides of a triangle parallel to their refpective directions, and confequently, as the three fides of a triangle perpendicular to their directions ; fuch a triangle being evidently iimilar to the former* But EF is perpendicular to the direction in which the weight of the wedge, or the power that impels it* IS fuppofed to act ; and DE, DF, are perpendicular to the directions in which their refiftances are fuppofed to act, con- fequently the power that impels the wedge, and thofe refift- ances, are in the fame proportion as EF, DE, and DF. If other fuppofitions are made, concerning the refiftances of the fides of the cleft DE and DF, the proportions of the powers may be determined from the fame principles. Sec Mac Laurin's Account of Sir Ifaac Newton's Philofophical Difcoveries, p. 168, feq.

Mechanical writers have differed very much in determining the properties ejf the wedge, or the proportion between the moving force, and the refiftance the wedge meets with. In fplitting of timber, the proportion here mentioned feems to take place, and that mentioned In the Cyclopedia wrong. In other cafes, different proportions might obtain ; for a de- tail of which Varignorts Nouvclle Mechanique, fection 8. Vol. II. p. 149, feq. may be confulted. See alfo \Gravef- ande, Phyf. Elem. Mathem. lib, 1. cap. 14. fchol. 1,

WEED (Suppl)— Dyer' % Weed, the Englifh name of a ge- nus of plants, known among botanifts by that of luteala. See the article Luteola, Suppl.

Silver-WEET), pentaphylloides, in botany, a diftinct genus of plants. See the article Pentaphylloides, Suppl.

WELL (Suppl.) — Well, in fliip-building, a Iquare place parted off and planked round the marn-maft, from the gun- deck down to the foot-waaling, to keep the ballafl, Is'c. from the pumps placed therein. BlancHeyh Naval Expoikorj in voc.

WHEAT, in botany, the Englifh name of a diftinct. genus of plants, called by authors triticum. See the,article Triti-* cum, Suppl.

Cow-Wheat, the Englifh name of a diftinct genus of plantSy called melampyrum by botanical writers. See the article Me- lampyrum, Suppl.

French-Vf "heat, or SwcZ-Wheat, in botany, a genus of plants, called by botanifts fagapyrum. See the article Fa-*- gopyrum, Suppl.

Inciian-W he at, a name fometimes given to the mai% or yucca* See the articles Maiz and Yucca, Suppl.

WHEE, or Whey, a word ufed in the northern parts of the

kingdom for a heifer, or young cow, Ruft. Diet, in voc. WHEELS ( Cyd. )■— The wheels of all carriages ought to be exactly round, and the fellies fliould be at right angles to the naves, according to the inclination of the fpokes ; that is, the plane of the curvature of the wheel fhould cut the nave at right angles, though it need not pais through the place where the fpokes are inferted into the nave. The reafon why the fpokes ought to be inclined to the nave, fo as the wheels may be difhing, or concave, is this: in pafs- ing over unequal ground, that whed which is in the rut

bears.