Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/93

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the trees. The white fort is propagated either by feeds or layers as the black, and is equally hardy. Miller's Gardener's Did. MuLBERRY-Cy^r, a name given by the people of Devonftnre, and fome other parts of England, to a fort of cyder rendered very palatable by an admixture of Mulberry juice in the mak- ing : They choofe for this purpofe the ripeft and blackeft Mul- berries and preffing out their juice and mixing it with a full- bodied' cyder at the time of the grinding and prefling, giving iuft fo much of it as adds a perceptible flavour. It is very worthy the attention of people who live in other counties, where ftrong and good cyder is made, that this renders it a fort of wine much more agreeable than any other Englifh liquor, and might be brought into general ufe, to the great advantage of the dealer. The colour of this liquor refembles that of the brighten: red wine, and the flavour of the Mul- berry never goes off. Phil. Tranf. N°. 133, Mulberry-$v//, a fpecies of Do Hum. See the article Do-

lium. MULE {Cycl.) — Mules are chiefly ufed in countries where there are rocky and ftony ways, as about the Alps and Pyrenees, fcfV. Great numbers of them are kept in thefe places j they are ufually black, and are ftrong, well-limbed, and large, being moftly bred out of the fine Spanifh mares. The Mules are fornetimes fifteen or fixteen hands high, and the beft of them are worth forty or fifty pounds a-piece. No creatures are fo proper for large burdens, and none {0 fure footed. They are much ftronger for draught than our horfes, and are often as thick fet as our dray-horfes, and will travel feveral months together, with fix or eight hundred weight upon their backs. It is a wonder that thefe creatures are not more propagated in England, as they are fo much hardier and ftronger than horfes, and are Iefs fubje£t to difeafes, and will live and work to twice the age of a horfe. Thofe that are bred in cold countries, are more hardy and fit for labour than thofe bred in hot ; and thofe which are light made are fitter for riding than horfes, as to the walk and trot ; but they are apt to gallop rough, though thefe do it much lefs than the fhort-made ones. Mortimer's Husban- dry.

They take fo much after the mare they are bred from, that they may be procured of any kind, light or ftrong, as the owner pleafes. The general complaint we make againft them, is, that they kick, and are ftubborn : But this is only owing to our neglect in the breeding them, for they are as gentle as our horfes in countries where they are bred with more care.

Mules are of two kinds ; the one between the horfe and the fbe- afs, the other between the he-afs and the mare. The firft fort are the leaft valuable. They are commonly very dull, and take after the afs, and are not large ; the other breed is there- fore what is propagated chiefly in all countries where mules are ufed. The largeft and fineft hc-afs muff, be procured for this breed ; and in Spain, where Mules are greatly efteemed, they will give fifty or fixty pounds for a fine he-afs, only to be kept as a ftallion. They breed with this creature out of the fineft and largeft mares they have, giving the afs an ad- vantage of height of ground, and putting the mare into a nar- row pit, railed on each fide.

Some authors affirm, that in Syria there are a fort of Mules which propagate their fpecies ; but this is a miftake ; for in all the countries where they are common of both kinds, no fuch thing ever happens.

If the afs defigned to be bred on is fuckled by a mare, or the mare fuckled with an afs, it makes them much more familiar than they would otherwife be ; and this may always be done by taking away the colt that belongs to the dam, and putting the other in its place, keeping them in the dark ten days or a fortnight. MULGRANOC, an Englifh name for a fmall fea-fifh caught in the Cornifli and other fhores, the alauda non crijlata of Rondektius, and the galcetto of other authors. Willughby's Hiff. Pifc. p. i-j-j MULIER FY, the being or condition of a Mulier, or lawful

ifTue. Co. Litt.

352. Blount.

MULLER, (Cycl.) in zoology, a name ufed by fome for the fifh called in Latin the Catapbraclus, and in Englifh the mailed fifii, or pogge. miloughbfs Hift. Pifc. p. 212. See the ar- ticle Cataphractus.

MULLET, {Cycl.) in zoology, a name by which the people in fome counties of England"call the Anas arffica Clufii. See the article Duck.

Mullett, in ichthyology, a name given in England indeter- minately to feveral kinds of fifti of different genera ; but the proper fenfe of the word is the fame with that of the mugil or cephalus, of the generality of authors ; the cephalus of Ari- ftotle and the Greeks ; and the ceftreus or ceftrea of Oppian and others. See the article Mugil.

MULLUS, in zoology, the name of a fifh properly of the cuculus kind, of which there are two fpecies ; the one called Mullus imberbh, the other Mtdlus a/per. The firft is a very fcarce fea-fifli. with a large head, ornamented with feveral fmall figures of ftars, large eyes, a fmall mouth of a fine bright red within, and without teeth j the covering of, the gills have 7

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feveral prickles pointing toward the tail ; the whole body is of a reddifh colour, and the gill-fins have near their end fome filamentous-fingered appendages. Its belly is white, and there are two rows of pointed bones running from the head to the tail all along the back.

The other, or Mullus a/per, is a fmall fifth of about the length and thicknefs of a finger, and of a beautiful red or fomewhat purplifh colour; and is covered with fcales ferrated at their extremities, and placed obliquely. Rondelet. de Pifc. p. 640. Mullus Barbatus, in zoology, the name of a fifll of the cu- culus or the gurnard kind, caught in the Mediterranean, and reckoned an extremely delicate fifll for the table. Its ufual fize is about fix or feven inches in length. Its head is flatted and its body confiderably thick ; and the back flat, not ridged. From the head all the way to the tail, it becomes gradually fmaller, fo as to refemble an obelifk in figure. Its fcales are ferrated at the edges, and are eafily rubbed off; they are of a orownifh olive colour ; but the fides, when they are off, look as if tinged with red lead. The eyes Hand very high in the head, and it has two very long beards under its chin. It has no teeth in the jaws, and its tail is very forked. Gefner de Pifc. p. 285. Mullus Imberbh, in zoology, the name of a fmall fifll caught in the Mediterranean and Archipelago, and called by many rex mullorum and re de triglia. Its ufual fize is about four or five in- ches in length. It is all over of a reddifh hue, and is covered with very large fcales. Its belly is alfo fomewhat prominent, by which it is dirtinguifhed from all the other mullets. Its eyes are large, its mouth very wide, and its jaws rough like a file. Its tail is forked, and it has no beards. tVMughby's Hift. Pifc. p. 286. MULTIBONA, in botany, a name given by fome authors to

parfley. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. MULTIFIDUS Spina, in anatomy, a name given by Albinus to a mufcle, the feveral parts of which he fays have been cal- led by feveral different names by the generality af anatomical writers.

That part of it which is fituated in the region of the loins, is called by Vefalius, the decimus tertius and decimus quartus dorfum moventium, and by fome the tertius dorft mufculus. That which is fituated in the back is called by Vefalius, deci- mus quintus and decimus fextus dorfum moventium, and by others, quintus dorft mufculus.

That part which is in the neck is called by Vefalius, the feptimus and oclavus dorfum moventium, and by many the quartus cervicis mufculus ; and by Fallopius, pars tertii paris mufculorum dorft. That part of it which is in the loins and back is called by Fallopius the quartum par mufculorum dorft, and feems to be the facer of Riolanus.

That part which is in the neck is called by Riolanus alfo a part of the fpinatus, and by fome the tranfaerfalis colli : And its diftinci: portions in the neck are called by Douglafs the in- tervertebrales. MULTIPLE {Cycl.) — Multiple fuperparticular Proportion, is when one number or quantity contains another more than once, and a certain aliquot part; as 3 j to i. Multiple fuperpartient Proportion, is when one number or quantity contains another diverfe times, and fome parts be- f ides ; as 4-^ to I. MULTIPLICATION (Cycl.)— Accurately fpeaking, in every Multiplication, the multiplicator muff always be confidered as a number ; and it is eafy to conceive a quantity of any kind multiplied by a number. But to talk of a pound multiplied by a pound, a debt by a debt, _ and a line by a line, &c. is unin- telligible. However, by analogy, in the application of alge- bra to geometry, we meet with fuch expreffions, and nothing is more common than to find AB X BC, to denote the rectangle ABCD, the length of vhich is n .-,

AB, and the breadth BC. But this is U ~ only to be underftood by analogy ; be-. caufe, if the number expreffing the mea- fure of the fide A B was multiplied by the number expiefling the meafure of BC, the product would exprefs the meafure of ABCD.

The fign of Multiplication mofl commonly ufed among algebraifts, is x. But the Germans, after Leibnitz, only make ufe of a point placed between the quantities multiplying

each other, thus : a. b is the fame as n „

a X b and AB. BC, the fame as AB 1 XBC, or the rectangle of AB into BC, that is the redangle ABCD.

B

A

B

When the quantities to be multiplied are complex, they place them between a parenthefis, inlread of drawing a line over them, as we commonly do.

Thus they write (a + b). (c + d) inftead of a -^-b\c -\-d, for the product of a + b into c -(- d. Sometimes the point is omitted, thus : (a-\-b) (c--d) = a-\-bxc+d. Multiplication, in algebra. To multiply algebraic quan- tities, we mufl: attend not only to the quantities themfelves, but alfo to their figns.

The general rule for the figns is, that when the figns of the factors are like, (i. e. both + or both — ) the fign of the

product