Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/927

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of which line the vefTels, in which they are boiled, with thick crufts.— [" Plin. Nat. Hift. lib. 31. cap. 3.] See the articles LiTHONTRiPTic and Lithotomy, Append. But particular care fliould be taken, not to put the patient into a courfe of .powerful diuretics, with a view of prevent- ing the gravel from concreting in the kidneys : becaufe, whatever great tilings may be (aid of this fort of medicines, foy. ignorant pretenders, they certainly injure the parts by

"their heat and acrimony. Mead, Monk. & Pract. Med. p. 191, feq.

The Leipfic Acts give a very remarkable inftance of /tones in the blood vefTeJs, difcovered by accident on opening a 1 vein in' the. arm : the furgeoh finding it neceftary to make a large 'orifice, feveral fmall but very hard /tones were dif- charged at it with the blood. The patient was a man of feventy two years of age. ■Stones in animals. We meet with great variety of forms and appearances in the Jhnes produced by different animals, and in their different parts, Wedelius defcribes a vaft number of various kinds taken from dogs, hogs, cows, and . other animals which he had opened : hut the raoft lingular inftance is of one which was taken from a cow, and was of the. colour of burnifhed gold. Dr. Lifter confirms this lingular obfervation with another of a like kind, that came within his own knowledge : this was of two hundred fmall globulary/owj, the largeft not exceeding the fize of a fmall tare, and the fmaller not bigger than pins heads. They were covered with a frothy fubftance in the bladder, and adhered to one fide of it; but when cleaned and dried, they refembled feed pearl in lhape, and were of a fine gold colour. They were finely polifhed, even when viewed by the microfcope ; and when broken, and examined in the fame manner, it was found to be only a thin (kin of gold colour that covered them in this manner, their inner fubftance being co3rfe and opake, fomewhat rcfembling fugar-candy, but not fo fine. Wedel. Obferv. N' ic6. Philof. Tranf. N» 206.

Corner Stones. See the article Corner, Append.

STONB-Awai, a name by which fome writers call the alehi- milla, or ladies mantle. See the article Alchimilla, Suppl.

STONE-mjjS, a name fometimes given to the fedum, or houfe- leek. See the article Sedum, Suppl.

St 0SE-cr op-tree, in botany, the name by which fome call the blitum, or blite, of other authors. See the article Blitum, Suppl,

STOOK, a term ufed in many parts of the kingdom for a fhock of corn, containing twelve fheaves. Ruff,, Diet, in voc.

STOOL, (Suppl.) in fhip-building, the name of the fupporters of the poop and top lanterns. BlancMey, Naval Expofitor, in voc.

STORAX-rw, in botany, the Englifh name of the Jiyrax. See the article St yr ax, Suppl.

STORK, the name of a bird of the ardea, or heron kind. See the article Heron, Suppl.

T\yeJlork has been defcribed under the name ciconia by fe- veral authors. See the article Ciconia, Suppl.

STOVE (Suppl.) — Stoves, at fea, are fquare boxes made of planks, and lined with brick, for burning charcoal in to drefs the admiral's victuals. Blandley, Nav. Expof.

STOVER, a word ufed by country people for ftraw or fodder for cattle. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

STRATIOTES, in the Linnasan fyftem of botany, the name of a diftinct genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The cup is a two-leaved ipatha, comprefled, obtufe, connivent, and carinated on each fide. Belide this, _there is alfo a periantbium, which is formed of a Angle leaf, di- vided into three fegments, and is erect and deciduous. The flower confifts of three obverfely cordated, erect and patent petals, of double the fize of the cup. The ftamina are twenty filaments, of the length of the pcrianthium, and inferted Into the receptacle. The anthers are fimple. The germen of the piftil itands under the receptacle of the perianthium. There are fix ftyles, divided each into two parts, and of the length of the ftamina. The ftigmata are fimple. The fruit is an oval berry, attenuated at each end, fomewhat hexae- dra], and contains fix cells. The feeds are numerous, ob- long, crooked, and as it were alated.

There is only one known fpecies of this genus. Vid. Linnm Gen. Plant, p. 253.

Stratiotes, in botany, is alfo a name by which fome call the hottonia of Linnaeus. See the article Hottonia, Suppl.

STRAWBERRY -£/?/? Wis/i//, the name by which fome call the pentapbylloidcs of botanifts. See the article Penta-

PHYLLOIDES, Suppl.

Strawberry -blite. See the article Blitum, Suppl. S>TRAWBERRY-fpi?wch. See Spinach, fupra. STRICKLE, or Strickless, an inftrument for ftriking off

the ovcr-meafure of corn, <s r c. Ruft. Diet, in voc. STUBBING, among farmers, is the pulling up of fhrubs,

broom, hops, or the like, out of lands. Ruft. Diet, in

voc.

SUP

STUBBLE, that part of the ftalks of corn which remains on. the land, after the com is reaped.

STUFF, among joiners, &.c, a term ufed for the wood they work on. Build. Diet, in voc.

STURGEON, the Englifh name of the Jlurlo of ichthyolo- gifts. See the article Sturio, Suppl.

STURK, the fame with Jlirk. See the article Stirk, Append.

STURLING, the Englifh name of a bird called by zoolo- gifts Jlurnus. See the article Sturnus, Suppl.

STUTHY, the fame -with flit by. See the article Stithy, Append.

STYE, in the management of fwine,- a place for keeping or fattening them. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

STYLOBATUM, in archite&ure, the fame with pedeftals. See the article Pedestal, Cyel.

SUBSTANCE, {Cyd.) is ufually diftinguiflied into thinking and unthinking fubflatices. Of the former clafs is the hu- man foul; and of the latter, philofophers commonly con- fider matter only. But fome b reckon fpace among fub- Jlances. The Cartcfians confidcr fpace and matter as the fame. The Leibnitians put fpace in the fame clafs of being with number and time, and make them all alike notional. Leibnitz faid, agere ejl char s El er jubjlanti arum. — [ b s'Gravef- ande, Introd. ad Philof. feet. 19.]

The idealifts deny matter to be a fubftance, making it a mere phenomenon. See bifhop Berkley's Dialogues. The materialifb, on the other hand, deny fpirit to be a fubftance. But as they cannot deny the exiftence of thought, as the idealifts deny the exiftence of matter, the materialifts are forced either to allow all matter to have perception, eflentially; or to fay, that it is fuperadded to matter, or a modification thereof. All which lead to inextricable diffi- culties.

SUCCORY (Suppl.) — Got;/-Succory, the name by which fome call the chondrllla of botanifts. See the article Chon- drilla, Suppl.

SUCCULENT plants, among botaniftr, thofe which are plump and full of juice. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

SUCKER, or SucK-ftjh, in ichthyology. See the article Remora, Suppl.

S/ohV-Sucker, the Englifh name of a genus of fifties. See the article Petromyzon, Suppl.

Great Sucker, the Englifh name of a fpecies of hirundo, or fwallow, with an undivided tail, and briftles at the mouth. See Hirundo, Suppl.

The generality of authors have erroneoufly made this bird a fpecies of owl ; it much refembles the cuckow in fhape, and has been called the churn-owl, and caprimulgus* See the article Caprimulgus, Suppl.

SUDORIFICS (Cyd. and Suppl.)— Sudorific* if taken in time, are the belt medicines for preventing inflammatory and fe- verifh diforders of all kinds. See the articles Fever and Inflammatory, Append.

Dr. Pringle condemns the ufe of treacle, given with this intention, on account of its heating quality. However, he dbferves, that it is rendered more fudorific, and lefs narcotic, by adding ten grains of fait of hartfhorn to a common dofe, and promoting the fweat by a large draught of vine- gar-whey. Inftead of this compofition, two fcruples of fait of hartfhorn, faturated with about three fpoonfuls of com- mon vinegar, may be given at bed-time. Pringle t Obferv. 'on the Difeafes of the Army, p. 131.

SUGAR-cane, faccharum, in botany, the name of a diftinct genus of plants, according to Linnaeus. See the article Saccharum, Suppl.

SULL, a word ufed in the weftern parts of England for a plough, Ruft. Diet, in voc.

SULPHUR-u/jr/, the name by which peucedanum, or hog's fennel is fometimes called. See the article Peucedanum, Suppl

SULTA,N-/?ci«r, a name fometimes ufed for the cyanus, cr blue bottle. See the article Cyanus, Suppl.

SUMACH, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called by botanifts rhus. See the article Rhus, Suppl.

Csrlars Sumach, or myrtle Sumach, the name by which co- riaria, a diftinct genus of plants is fometimes called. See the article Coriaria, Append.

Venetian Sumach, a name by which fome call the coccygria, or cottnus of botanifts. See the article Cotinus, Suppl.

SUMMITS of flowers, the fame with the anthers, or tops of the ftamina. See the article Flower, Suppl.

SXJN-flower (Suppl.) — Divarf Sun-flower, the Englifh name of ajrenus of plants, called by botanifts rudbeckia. See the article Rudbecki a, Append.

Sus-fpurge, in botany. Seethe article Spurge, fupra.

SUPERCILIUM terra. See Adiantum.

SUPPLICATION, Jupplicatio, in antiquity, a religious fo- lemnity obferved on account of fome remarkable fuccefs a- gainft an enemy ; and efpecially when the army had con- ferred the title of imperator on their general, in whofe name the fenate ordered the temples to be opened for the re- ception of the people, and thanks to be rendered to the Gods.

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