Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/923

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SOLANDERS, in farriery. SccMalanders, Cycl

&OLANOIDES, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, called by Linnseus rivinia. See the article Rivinia. Suppl.

SOLDIER (Suppl.) — Not only humanity but intereft require that great care mould be taken of the health oifoldiers. Much instruction may be drawn for this purpofe from Dr. Pringle's excellent treatife, called obfervations on the difeafes of the army. He there remarks, that the circumftances of foldiers in time of war, differ from thofe of other people, in that they are more expofed to the injuries of the weather, and always crouded together, whether in camp, barracks, or hofpitals : wherefore the moil: general divifion of thefe diftempers, may be into fuch as arife from the intemperature of the weather, andthofe from infection.

Military difeafes depending on the weather, are reducible to two forts, WZ. to thofe of fummer, and to thofe of win- ter. However, as expofitions to cold are unavoidable upon the firft encampment, as alfo for fome time before the army ufually goes into winter-quarters, the winter diforders begin- ning about the end of autumn, will not entirely ceafe before the fummer is well advanced; and, on the other hand, as the heats of fummer and damps of autumn difpofe the body to ficknefs, the camp-diftempers are never quite over with the campaign, but continue fome time after the troops retire into winter-quarters.

The fummer difeafes are all of a bilious or putrid nature-, as thofe of winter are inflammatory. See Bilious and Inflam- matory, Append.

Difeafes ^Soldiers, arifing from heat and cold. See the articles Heat and Cold, Append.

Diet g/Soldiers. See Diet, Append.

Excrcife g/Soldiers. See Exercise. See' alfo the articles Camp, Hospital, Fever, kc.

Frejh'water Soldier, a name given in feveral parts of Eng- land to the Jlratiotes, a diftinct genus of plants, called by Boerhaave aloides. See the article Stratiotes, Append.

SOLEMN acceptance. See Acceptance, Cycl.

SOLIDAGO, in the Lirmaeafi fyftem of botany, the name of a very comprehenfive genus of plants, taking in the virga aurea of Tournefort, with feveral fpecies of the jacobaa of the fame author. Linn&i Gen. Plant, p. 403. See the article Virga aurea, Suppl

The great characterittic of this genus, is, that the receptacle is naked, the down fimple, the fquamse of the cup imbrica- ted, and the radii of the corollulse about five.

SOLINE, among carpenters, ajoift, rafter, or piece of wood, either flit orfawed, wherewith the builders lay their ceilings. Build. Diet, in voc. The word is French.

SOLOMON's _yW, the Englifh name of a dlftin£t genus of plants, called by botanifts polygonatum. See the article Po-

LYGONATUM, Suppl.

SOPES. Seethe article Soap, Cycl. and Suppl.

SOPHIA chirurgorum, a name fometimes given to a fpecies of ftfymbrium. See the article Sisymbriu m, Suppl.

SORREL (Suppl)— Wood Sorrel, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called by botanifts lujuia, or oxys. See the article Oxys, Suppl.

Indian Sorrel, a name fometimes given to ketmia.< See the article Ketmia, Suppl.

SOURE-/^, or Sowre fop, in botany, a diftinct genus of plants, called by botanifts guanabanus and anona. See the article Anona, Suppl.

SPACE (Cycl.) — Some authors have aflerted that Jpace is a fub- ftance. The Cartefians, who do not allow of any diftin&i- on between fpace and matter, were naturally enough led to the opinion, that fpace or extenfion was a fubftance. Others who admit a vacuum, and corifequently an effential diffe- rence between fpace and matter, aflert alfo that Jpace is a fubftance. Among thefe we "find s'Gravefande, Introd. ad Philof. f e ft. 19.

Others put fpace into the fame clafs of beings as time and number ; that is, they make it to be no more than a notion of the mind. Hence, according to thefe authors, abfolute fpace, of which the Newtonians fpeak, is a mere chimera, See the writings of theMate bifhop of Cloyne, paffim.

SPADE (Suppl.) — Spade alfo denotes any gelded bcaft, or a deer three years old. Ruff. Diet, in voc.

SPAID, or Spayd, a term ufed by fportfmen for a red male deer that is three years old. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

SPANISH -broom, fparthtm, in botany. See the article Spar- tium, Suppl.

SPANSHAKLE, aboard a fliip, a large clafp of iron, which goes, round the end of the davit upon the forecaftle. Blanck- ley, Naval Expofitor, p. 155.

SPARING, among cock-fighters. See the article Sparring, Suppl.

SPARROW (Suppl.)— -Reed-Sp arrow, the Englifh name of a. bird of the picus, or wood-pecker kind. See the article ^.EED-fparrow, Suppl.

SpARRow-bazvk, the Englifh name of the yellow-legged falco, with a white undulated breaff, and a fafciated brown tail. See the article Falco, Suppl.

SPAT, a term ufed by the fiihermen for the fpawn of oyfters, which is caft in the month of May. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

S Q^U

SPE,AR-ffw«/, in botany, the Englifh name of the narrow- leaved, aromatic-fcented mint. See the articles Mint and Mentha,. Suppl.

SPERGULA, fpurry, in the Linnrean fyftem of botany* makes a diftinct genus of plants, but is comprehended by Tournefort among the alfines. See the article Alsine, Suppl.

SPHERES, polilhed fpherical maffes of a mixt metalline corn- pofition, ufed in optics. The manner of making them is as follows. Take of pure tin three pounds, copper one pound; melt thefe two metals together, and when infufion caft upon the mafs fix ounces of burnt tartar, and an ounce and half of fait petre ; and laftly, a quarter of an ounce of alum, and two ounces of arfemc : let all thefe matters eva- porate and burn away, and then caft the pure metal into the figure of afphere, and it will be capable of a high and elegant polifh. Neri's Art of Glafs, p. 166.

SPIDER-^//, the Englifh name of feveral fpecies of murex. See the article Murex, Suppl.

Spider-kw/, (Suppl) is alfo the name by which many call the epbemerum of botanical writers. See the article Epheme-*

RUM, Suppl.

SPIKES (Suppl.) — The word fpikes, among botanifts, denotes

flowers fet thick above each other. Diet. Ruft. in voc, SpiKE-lavender. See the article Lavendula, Suppl.

SPIKENARD, (Cycl) nardus, in botany. See the article Nardus, Suppl

Ploughman's Spikenard, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, otherwife called conyza, and fiea-bane. See the article F^EA-banc, Suppl

SPILES, in a fhip, are fmall wooden pins, which are driven into the nail-holes, when a fhip's fheathing is taken off. Blanckley, Naval Expofitor, p. 156.

SPINACH (Suppl.)— Sirawberry-Sv 'IN ach, a name fometimes given to blite. See the article Blitum, Suppl

SPINDLE (Suppl,)— The ftaff which fupports the vane at the maft-head, is likewife called a fpindle. Blanckley, Naval Expofitor, p. 156.

Spindle-^//, the Englifh name of a fpecies of buccinum. See the article Trumpet-M Suppl.

Spindle-Zw, the Englifh name of a genus of trees, called by botanifts euonymm. See the article Euonymu::, Suppl.

African SpiNDLE-/r«, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called euonymoides and celajlrus by authors. See the article Celastrus, Append.

SPINDLING, a term ufed by gardeners for the firft appear- ance or putting forth of flowers, ftems ; or their running up in length. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

SPIRKETT1NG, among fhip-carpenters, denotes ftrakes of thick plank wrought from the lower edge of each port to each deck refpectively within fide of the fhip. Blanckley, Naval Expofitor, p. 156.

SPVT-dcep, a term ufed among farmers for a foil as deep as can be dug up at once with a fpit or fpade. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

SPITTER, among fportfmen, a red male deer near two years old, whofc horns begin to grow up fharp and fpitwife. It is otherwife called a brocket and pricket. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

SPLEEN-ziwrf, a name fometimes ufed for a genus of plants s called by botanifts afplcnium, and in Englifh more commonly milt-waft e. See the article Asplenium, Suppl.

SPOON-i///, in ornithology, the Engliih name of the platea. See the article Platea, Suppl

Svoovi-wort, a name by which fome call the cochlearia^ or fcurvy-grafs. See the article Cochlearia, Suppl

SPRAINTS, among fportfmen, a term ufed for the dung of the otter. Ruft. Diet, in voc. _. r

SPRAT, the Englifh name of the little clupea, with the lower jaw Iongeft, and the belly very acute. See the article Clu- pea, Suppl

SPROUTS, a- word ufed by country people for fmall moots of old cabbage. Ruft. Diet, in voc.

SPUNK, a term ufed indifferently for half-rotten wood, match for guns, arid a fubftance growing on the fides of trees. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

SPUR-y£c//, a name fometimes given to the little elevated co- chlea, with the edge of the volutions ferrated. See the ar- ticle Cochlea, Suppl

SPURGE-e//w, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, call- ed by botanifts chameltza. See the article ChaMeljea, Suppl

Szm-SpuRGE, a name by which fome call feveral fpecies of tithy?nalus. See the article Tithymalus, Suppl.

SQUASH, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called by authors melopepo. See the article Melopepo, Suppl

SQUILL, fquiihi, in zoology, a large genus of animals, com- prehending the fhrimp or fquilta, properly fo called, the cray- fifli, the crab, and iobfter : all which, according to Dr. Hill, make one genus of infects, of the podaria kind. See the articles Insect, Suppl and Append, and Podaria, Append.

The character :ft ics of this genus are, that they have ten legs, the forcmoft pair cheliform, or made for pinching and

holding