Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/912

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well as a notation, may be called the arithmetical power; or • the power of a root uniformly increafing or diminifhing. This is the Power whofe notation is defigned in the article Arithmetical Power, Append. QUARTER (Cycl. and Suppl.) — Qv arter-toW, in archi- tecture, denotes any moulding whole contour is either a.per- fe£t quadrant, or Quarter of a circle, or that approaches near to that figure. Build. Difl. in voc. QUARTERS, — »Mf<r-QyARTERs, in military affairs. IVinter-Qtiarters, when cold and moift, are productive of inflammatory diforders, particularly hard coughs, with inflam- mations of the pleura and lungs. See the article Barracks, Append.

QJJ I

In very hot countries it has fometimes been cuftomary, to put

arrhies into Summers quarters. QUEEN'S Gill'tfiower, the name by which fome call the Hef-

peris of botanical writers. See the article Hesperis, Suppl. QUICK, the name by which fome call a fpecies of Mefpilus, or

medlar. See the article Mespilus, Suppl. Quic¥L-beam, a name fometimes given to the Sorbus, or fervice-

tree. See the article Sorbus, Suppl. QuicK-grafs, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called

by Linnaeus Agrojlis. See the article Agrostis, Suppl. QUlCKEN-rm-, a name alfo given to the- Sorbus. QUICKSILVER-^^/-. See the article Water, Append.

R.

R A R

RA'DICULA, in botany, the name by which Dil- lenius calls the Sifymbrium of other botanifts. Seethe article Sisymbrium, Suppl. RADISH (Suppl,) Ho?-jc-RAmsn, a popular name for a fpecies of Cocblearia, or fcurvy grafs. See the article Cochlearia, Suppl.

Waier-RA dish, the name by which feveral fpecies of 'Sifymbrium are fometimes called. See the article Sisymbrium, S-uppl.

RADIUS of Concavity, in geometry, is fometimes ufed a for the Radius or ray of curvature, or the Radius of the ofcula- tory circle. See the article Curvature, Append. [ » Do Moivref Mifcel. Analyt. p. 231.]

Radius of Curvature, in geometry. See the article Cur- vature.

Radius Ofculi is alfo ufed in the fame fenfe.

Radius VeSlor, in mechanics, is ufed for a right line drawn

from the center of force in any curve in which a body is fup-

pofed to move by a centripetal force, to that point of the

. curve where the body is fuppofed to be. See the article Central

Force, Append.

RAGGED Robin, a name ufed fometimes for the Lychnis. See the article Lychnis, Suppl.

RAIN (Suppl) — Befides the caufes of rain mentioned in the Cyclopaedia, Defaguliers thinks it owing to the lofs of elec- tricity in the vapours whereof the clouds are formed. See the articles Vapour and Electricity, Append.

RAISING pieces, in carpentry, the pieces which lie on the tops of the pofts and punchions, and under the beams; thofe ly- ing on the brick work being called platbands. Build. Di<5t. in voc.

RAMMER for piles. See the article Pile, Append.

RAMPHASTOS, in ornithology, the name by which Dr. Hill calls the Toucan of other writers. See the article Toucan, Suppl.

TheRampbaJios is a diflindl genus of birds, of theP/f#,or magpie kind. Its beak is remarkably large, equal, in moft fpecies to the whole body in magnitude. There are no vifible noftrils. The feet have each four toes, two of which ftand forward, and the other two backward, as in the parrot. Hill, HiftAnim. p. 381. The fpecies arethefe.: 1. The Rampbajlos with a red rump . 2. The Ramphojlos with a yellow rump. 3, The Ram- pbajlos with a white rump. 4. The green Rampbajlos, with a party-coloured beak.

Thefe birds have been called by Linnaeus, and other writers, Reftrates, from the largenefs of their beaks. *

RAMPION is alfo a name given to the blue-flowered Campa- nula, or bell-flower, with an efculent root. See the article Campanula, Suppl.

RAMSONS, a name given to the broad-leaved wild Allium, or Garlick. See the article Garlick, Suppl.

RANGLE, in falconry, is when gravel is given a hawk to bring her to her ftomach. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

RANUNCULUS (Suppl.) — G/s^-Ranunculus, a name fometimes given to a fpecies of Hellebore. See the article Helleborus, Suppl.

RAPE, a name fometimes ufed for the Napus, or navew. See the article Napus, Suppl.

botanifts Rapijlrum. See thearticles Rapistrum, Suppl.
 * 1) 5&-Rape, the Englifh name of a genus of plants, called by

RAPHIDIA, in the hiftory of infects, the name by which Dr. Hill calls a genus of four-winged flics, of the neuroptera- kind. See the article Neuropter a, Append. The head of the Rapbidia is of a horny fubfiance, and is de- prefled. The tail is armed with a weapon of a (lender form, flaarp, horny, and limplc, not bifid at the extremity. Hill, Hilt. Anim. p. 70. RARATAS, in botany, the name by which Plumier calls '

o

REE

the Ananas, or pine-apple of Tournefort. See the article Ananas, Suppl. RAT (Suppl.) — Mountain-R at, the Englifh name of a crea- ture, otherwife called the Marmotte. See the article Mar- mot te, Suppl. RATIO (Suppl.) — It is to be obferved, that in this article of the Supplement the method defcribed of inferring ftcond- ary Ratios, gives two feries, the one containing the Ratios greater than the true, and the, other the Ratios lefs than the true; and if we confider each feries feparately, we fball al- ways find, that the Ratios exprefled by larger numbers, ap- proach nearer the truth than thofe exprefled by fmaller numbers. But if we compare the Ratios of one feries with thofe of the other, it may often happen, that a Ratio expref- fed in fmaller numbers, ihall approach nearer the truth, than another exprefled by greater numbers. For inftance, let the Ratio 519529 to 328612, exprefling the proportion of the femi-tone major to the femi-tone minor in mulic, be propofed. The quotients, according to the method here defcribed, will be 1. 1. 1. 2. 1, &rc. Hence the Ratios greater than the true will be 2 : 1,* 5: 3, &c. and the Ratios lefs than the true will be 1 : 1, 3 : 2; 1 1 : 7, &c. Now, I fay, that the Ratio 3:2, though exprefled in fmaller numbers approaches nearer to the truth than 5:3; for the exponent of the propofed Ratio -|±HtI = 1.581 and | = 1.5 alfo | = 1. 667. Hence the exponent of the Ratio of 5 to 3 will ex- ceed the truth by 0.086 = 1.667 "~ Im 5% 1 > Dut the ex " ponent of the Ratio 3 to 2 will be deficient by no more than o. 081 — 1. 581 — I- 5- Again, fuppofe the Ratio of 92770723810 659826661, expreffingthe chance of the dealer's at whiff, having four trumps *, were propofed. Dividing the firfl; term by the fecond, &c. the quotients will be 1. 2. 2. 6. 3. 1. 1. 4, &c. which gives the Ratios greater than the true 2 : 1, 3: 2, 10: 7, 17: 12, &c. and lefs than the true 1: 1, 4: 3, 7: 5, 52: 37, Sec. And here the Ra- tio 7; 5, tho' exprefled in fmaller numbers, approaches nearer to the truth, than either 1 : 7, or 1 7 : 1 2, as will eafily ap- pear by reducing their exponents to decimals, But no incon- veniencies of this kind can happen, if we content ourfelves with the principal and primary Ratios, they being alternate- ly greater and lefs, and continually approaching nearer to the truth. — [ a See the article Whist, Append.] RATTLE- graft, a name fometimes ufed for a fpecies of Pe- dicularis, or Loufe-wor.t. Sec the article Pedicularis, Suppl. RATTLE-mf. Seethe article Wolf-ot/, Suppl. RATTLE-fnafa-root, in botany, a name fometimes ufed for the Polygala, or Milk-wort. See the article Polygala, Suppl. RAVEN (Suppl.) — Indian-RAVEN, the Englifh name of the

Buccros. See the articles Buceros, Append, and Corvus-

Indicus, Suppl. RAY, in geometry, is often ufed for Radius. Ray of Curvature. See the article Curvature. RAZOR-f/b, is a name frequently given to a fpecies of Cory-

phesna, otherwife called Novacula fifcis. See the articles

Cor-yphjena and Novacula, Suppl. REBUS (Suppl.) — Rebus, in heraldry, a coat of arms which

bears an alluflon to the name of the perfon; as three caftles,

for Caftleton; three cups, for Butler, three conies, for Cc-

nifby; a kind of bearings which are of great antiquity. RED-breaJ?, in ornithology, the Englifh name of a fpecies of

Motacilla, called alfo Rubccula and Eritbacus. See the articles

Motacilla and Rubecula, Suppl. REED (Suppl.) — Indian flowering Reed, the name by which

the Cahna of botan'fts is fometimes called. See the article

Canna, Suppl.

REEM-