Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/895

 M U S

M Y ft

Table of mufical numbers, contained in eleven octaves.

Num.

Chord Afc.

Chord Defe.

Num.

Chord Afc.

Chord tMc.

Num.

Chord Afc.

Chord Dele.

I

F

B

144

G

A

75-

B#

F»

2

F'

B'

IjO

G#

A b

708

C

E

3

C

E

160

A

G

800

c#

E"

4

F»

B*

162

A

G

810

c#

Et

5

A

G

180

B

F

864

D

/)

6

C

E

192

C

E

900

D#

£)'

S

F'

B:

200

c*

E'

960

E

C

9

G

A

2l6

D

D

972

E

(J

• 10

A

G

22j

D#

D»

1000

E#

C»

12

C

E

240

E

C

1024

Fio

B'°

IS

E

e

2 43

250

E#

C

1080 1 125

F# E# +

Bb

16

F*

B*

Bob

18

G

A

256

F 8

B»

1 152

G

A

10

A

G

270

Ftf

B"

1200

Gf

A'

24

C

E

288

G

A

1215

G#

Ab

25

c#

E"

300

G#

A»

1250

G##

A"

27

D

D

320

A ,

G

1280

A

G

3°

E

C

3 2 4

A

G

I296

A

G

3*

F;

B>-

360

B

F

'350

"A#

Gb

3.6

G

A

375

B#

F"

1440

B

F

40

A

G

3%

C

E

I458 1500

B

F

45

B

F

400

c#

E"

B#

F°

48

C

E

405

c#

?'

'53"

C

E

5°

c*

E>

43 2

D

£)

1600

C-f

E J

54 60

D C

450 480

E

Z>

1620 1728

c#

E»

c

D

b

64

F6

B«

+86

E

c

1800

Qf

D'

7 2

75

G

G*

A A"

500 512

E#

F9

C Bj

>8 75 1920

E

C

80 81

A

G

540

F#

'944

E

C

A

G

576

G

A

2000

E#

C b

9° 96

ioo 108

B C

c#

D

F

600

G#

G##

A

A"

2025

E#

O

E

E"

625 640

G

2048

F"

B' 1

120

E

D

c

648

A

G

1 25

E#

O

675

A#

G 1 '

128

F?

B?

720

B

F

nt

F *

B"

729

B

F

MJ * m

To underftand this table it is to be obferved, that by dividing; a given ftretched firing or chord, by means of a moveable bridge, the founds produced by its parts will be higher in pitch than thofe produced by the given chord. And, on the contrary, if we multiply a chord, that. is, by a moveable bridge lengthen the (bunding part of a chord, we fhall have founds lower in pitch than the given chord. Hence we have the foundation of an afcending, and of a defcending fcale of mufical founds. The firft column of each divifion of the ta- ble, marked Hum. exprefles the mufical numbers; the fecond column marked Afc. the names of the notes in the afcendin» fcale ; and the third column marked Defc. the names of the notes of the defcending fcale. Thus if the given chord be unity, and called F, then will 15 be E in the the fourth oc- tave afcending of F ; 45 will be B in the fixth octave of F, &c. In the defcending fcale unity will be B ; 15 will be C in the fourth octave defcending from B ; and 45 will be Fof the fixth octave, &c.

The reafon why unity is marked F in the afcending fcale, and B in the defcending fcale, is, becaufe according to the received notation of what is called the natural fcale among muncians; F has no fourth in afcending, nor B a fourth in defcending. Now it is plain that no aliquot divifion of a ftring can give a fourth, or any of its octaves afcending ; nor can any multiple of a ftring, give the fourth, or any of its octaves, in defcend- ing. For the fourth being exprefied by $ in afcending ; and by I in defcending, its oftaves will be -|> 'j, V, &c. in the firft cafe, and |, 4& T 3 j, &c. in the fecond cafe, none of which numbers can be multiples, or fubmultiples of a given ftring. F and B being the given founds, their octaves will be expref- fed by F', F 1, F J , &c. and B', B% B% &c. which are, respectively, the firft, fecond, and third odlaves above the F and below B.

A dot marked over a letter mews that it fignifies a found higher by a comma than the found exprefied by the letter it- felf. And a dot placed below, denotes the found to be lowered by a comma. Thus, in the tablelfind 81 to be \ j G, which denotes that A, or the fharp in the feventh octave of F, af- cending, is raifed a comma ; and that G or the fharp third from B, defcending, is lowered by the fame interval. If B in the defcending fcale be fuppofed to be a tritonus, that is, two tones major, and one tone minor above F of the . afcending fcale, then will A in one of thefe fcales correfpond or be denoted by the fame numbers with G in the other fcale j and C will correfpond $0 E, but D in the afcending feale ivill not be exprefled by the fame numbers as in the

defcending fcale : For in the former D will be a tone majcf above C, whereas in the latter D rnuft by analogy be a tone major below E, and therefore only a tone minor above C, which is the reafon why D is in It-ilicks in the defcending fcale. ,

Mr. Henfilhg has mentioned the diftinction between an afcend- ing and a defcending fcale in the Mifcel. Berolinens. He places unity in the afcending fcale in F, as it ought ; but in the defcending fcale he places unity in E, which dilturbs the analogy of the two fcales;

The trumpet and trench hdrn, not having (comrrionly) a com- pafs beyond four octaves ; and their founds being formed in a manner analogous to thofe produced by the divifion of a ftring, it follows that all the true notes of thefe inftruments will be reprefented by the mufical numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6i 8, g, 10, r2, 15, 16, &c. This is a tact well known =, and a confirmation of the truth of that theory which derives all mufical proportions from the elements 2, 3,

and 5" [ a Sec the article Trumpet, Append, and Philof.

Tranf. N° 195. b See Phil. Tranf. loo cit.j MUSK Hyacinth, a name fometimes given to a diftinct genus' of plants, called by botanifts Mnfcari. See the article Mus- cari, SuppL MusK-y^/, a name ufed by fome writers for the Ketmia. Sse :

the article Ketmia, Smpl. MUST (SuppL) — A mujt for artificial wine may be thus made : Take twenty pounds of fine fugar ; five gallons' of water ; four cunces of white tartar finely pulverized, or cream of tartar, and boil them in a large vefiel over a gentle fire. MUSTARD (SuppL)— Mithridate-Mv st akt>, the name of a genus of plants, called by botanifts Thlafpu See the article 1'hlaspi, SuppL Bajiard- Mithridate-Mv sT ard, the fame with the Tlilafpidj- urn of botanical writers. See the article Thlaspidium, SuppL Rough-Podded Mustard, the name by which a fpecies of Syfwibrium is fometimes called. See the article Sysimbrt- Dm, SuppL TflZtw-MusTARD, the Englifh name of a diftinct genus of plants, called by botanifts Tu/riiis. See the article Tur- ritjs, SuppL TjWc-Muetard, a name promifcuoufly ufed for two diftinct genufes of plants, the Thlejpi and Jonthlafpi. See the articles Thlaspi and Jonthi.aspi, Suppl. MUTULE (Cyd.) — Le Clerc makes Muiuh's in the entable- ment of the Doric order, not only to diftinguifh it the more from other entablements, but alfo becaufe they agree very well with the nohlencfs of this order, and add fomethin<T Q f a mafculine beauty to it.

Mutules are commonly made of the fame breadth with the triglyphs; but the fame author thinks it would be much bet- ter if they were made of the fame breadth with the capitals of the triglyphs. Nor does he run his Mutules fo near the extremity of the larmier or drip, as is ufually done ; leaving a fpace of three or four minutes between the two, that the pro- file may appear the more diftinctly. MYOCTONUM. See the article Aconite, Cycl MYOSURUS, Mouje-tail, in botany, the name of a diftinct genus of plants, the characters of which arc thefe : the cup is a deciduous perianthiumi compofed of five femi-lanceolate, ob- tufe, reflex, coloured leaves, joined on above the bafe. The corolla, which is confiderably fmaller than the cup, confift^ of five extremely minute petals, and is tubulated at the bafc, and opens obliquely inwards. The ftamina are five filaments, of the length of the cup ; the antheras are ereft, and oblong: the germinaare very numerous, and are placed on the receptacle in form of iconic, oblong clufter ; there are no ftyles ; the ftigmata are fimple ; there is no pericarpium ; the receptacle is extremely long, ftyliform, and covered with numerous, ob- long, and acuminated feeds, laid in an imbricated manner. Linnai Gen. Plant, p. 134.

This genus has a great affinity with the ranunculus, and is common in our corn fields. Dodonsus calls it Cauda Ma- rina. ?,.YRICA, Sweet JFittiam, in theLinnasan fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The male flowers are arranged in an oblong amentum ; the cup is a fquama of a lunulatcd figure ; there is no corol- la, nor proper perianthium ; the ftamina are four, rarely fix, thread-like filaments, longer than the cup ; the antherje are two in number, and didymous. The female flowers are the fame as the male ones ; the germen of the piftil is of an oval fhape; the ftyles are two ; and the ftigmata fimple ; the fruit is an unilocular berry, containing only one ktd. Linnai Gen. Plant, p. 474.

This genus comprehends the Gale of Tournefort and others ; and is nearly allied to the Piftachia-nut tree, a fpecies of Tere- binthus. See the article Terebtnthus, SuppL MYRTLE, the Englifh name of a genus of trees, called by

botanifts Myrim. See the article MvRTVS, Suppl. Duich-MYRTLE, or Caxdleberry-Mv rtle, names fometimes given to the Myrica, or Gale of botanifts. See the artich My RICA, Jppend. MYRTLE.-Samaih. See the article Sumach, infra t

N,